FR2871959A1 - Electrical transforming station e.g. high voltage/low voltage transforming station, has roof comprising removable roof component that allows extraction/fitting of transformer through roof when component is removed - Google Patents

Abstract

The station (1) has a lateral wall (2), a floor (14) and a roof (12) jointly delimiting a space (16) in which a transformer (18), medium voltage type electrical equipments and low voltage type electrical equipments (22) are arranged. The roof has fixed and removable roof components (28, 30), where the component (30) allows extraction/fitting of the transformer through the roof when the component (30) is removed.

Description

2871959 1

  STATION OF ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMATION IN MANUFACTURING AREA

INNER

DESCRIPTION TECHNICAL FIELD

  The present invention relates generally to an electrical transformer station intended to be partially buried in the ground, such as a high-voltage / low-voltage transformer station.

  More specifically, the invention relates to an electrical transformer station with an internal operating area accessible by a door disposed on the side wall of this station.

  STATE OF THE PRIOR ART Conventionally and in a manner known to those skilled in the art, such a transformer station comprises a side wall, a floor and a roof jointly delimiting a space in which a transformer is arranged, as well as high-voltage electrical equipment. and / or average- and / or low-voltage connected to the transformer. As an indication, it is usually two separate equipment, for example a first electrical equipment of the medium voltage type, and a second electrical equipment low voltage type.

  The above-mentioned space thus has an interior maneuvering area enabling an operator located inside the latter to have access to the electrical equipment, this operating area being accessible from the outside by a door arranged on the side wall of the station, generally on a front portion of this side wall. More specifically, it is generally accepted that an interior maneuvering area is such that it allows an operator inside the area to make electrical connections or similar tasks, while having the possibility of keep the access door closed.

  In this respect, it is specified that national, European and international regulations set the minimum dimensions that such an indoor area must have on processing stations. In accordance with these various regulations in force and to ensure optimum comfort and safety for the operator, the current indoor maneuvering areas usually have a minimum clear distance of 800 mm in front of the access to the actuators of each electrical equipment, and a minimum height of 2 m.

  Although this type of transformer station is widespread, it nevertheless has the disadvantage that its floor space is still relatively large, which naturally goes against a major concern to reduce the size of these positions.

  The large surface area is mainly due to the necessary presence of significant spacings between the various electrical elements (electrical equipment and transformer), these spacings being provided for the obvious purpose of being able to move the transformer inside the substation, then to get it in / out of this station by the access door to the indoor maneuvering area.

  This solution also requires providing a large access door in order to pass the transformer, which may eventually lead to enlarge the side wall of the station, and thus to further increase the ground surface of the latter.

  Thus, it can be seen that the floor area of this type of station, which generally has a substantially parallelepipedal shape, is much greater than that corresponding to the sum of the floor areas of the electric elements and the inner maneuvering area. minimum mentioned above.

  In addition to the aforementioned congestion-related problems, the large floor area of the prior art processing stations also generates other disadvantages.

  Indeed, the spacing and door width constraints mentioned above are such that the transformation stations having an inner working area of the prior art have a floor area that is always greater than or equal to 6 m 2, this value requiring to carry out in the ground a very large excavation to ensure the establishment of this post, particularly with the aim of placing the equipotential earth belt.

  DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is therefore to propose a transformer station with an internal maneuvering area whose design makes it possible to reduce its surface area on the ground, and thus a reduction in its space requirement and the area of ground required for its implantation in the ground, while keeping the possibility of extracting / setting up the transformer easily.

  To do this, the subject of the invention is a transformer station intended to be partially buried in the ground, the station comprising a side wall, a floor and a roof jointly delimiting a space in which a transformer and electrical equipment are arranged. high- and / or medium- and / or low-voltage connected to the transformer, the space also having an interior maneuvering area allowing an operator located inside thereof to have access to the electrical equipment, and the station further comprising a door arranged on the side wall and allowing access to the indoor maneuvering area. According to the invention, the roof comprises at least two roof elements, including at least one removable roof element intended to allow the extraction / installation of the transformer by the roof, when the removable roof element is removed.

  With the solution provided by the present invention, a first advantage lies in the fact that the dimensions of the access door to the inner maneuvering area can be substantially reduced, since this door no longer has the function of allowing the passage transformer, but only that of an operator wishing to penetrate inside this area. Thus, since the front part of the side wall of the station no longer has to integrate a door of large width, it can also, as well as the floor surface of the station, have smaller dimensions than those encountered in the art. prior.

  In addition, since the extraction stress of the transformer by the access door no longer exists, the second advantage relates to the fact that the electrical elements can then be brought closer together and have a reduced overall size on the floor of the door. post, while maintaining the regulatory internal maneuvering area for the operator. It also implies that the floor area of the station can be reduced.

  The addition of at least one removable roof element makes it possible to easily bring the floor area down to a value of less than or equal to 5 m2, which is particularly advantageous on the one hand in that it is reduced by at least 1 m2 compared to transformer stations with indoor maneuvering area of the prior art, and secondly because it involves a significant reduction in the land area necessary for its implantation in the ground. As an indication, this area of land is advantageously halved when the station passes from 6 m2 to 5 m2, as will be explained more

  precisely in the detailed description.

  Preferably, the station comprises a single door corresponding to the door arranged on the side wall and allowing access to the indoor maneuvering area. In this case, it is understandable that the aforementioned access door is the only means on the side wall that allows an operator to access the maneuvering area.

  Preferably, the door arranged on the side wall and allowing access to the internal operating area has a width of less than 900 mm, and preferably of the order of 800 mm. Thus, the width of this door is then entirely adapted to allow the passage of an operator, but in no case that of a transformer whose width is usually greater than or equal to 1 m.

  Always in a preferred manner and in order to comply with the regulations in force, the inner maneuvering area makes it possible to obtain, between a first high-and / or medium-and / or low-voltage electrical equipment and a second high-level electrical equipment and / or medium- and / or low-voltage, a minimum spacing greater than or equal to about 800 mm.

  More specifically, the interior working area preferably takes the form of a corridor between the first and second electrical equipment, this corridor having a width greater than or equal to about 800 mm, and a depth also greater than or equal to about 800 mm.

  Preferably, the side wall comprises a front part on which is arranged the door, a bottom portion, and two side portions connecting the front and bottom portions, these four parts being made in one piece.

  Preferably, the roof comprises only two roof elements, among which a removable roof element, and a fixed roof element. In such a case, it can be provided that the fixed roof element is made in one piece with the side wall, and that the removable roof element is designed so that it can be placed in a stable position on the roof. fixed roof element, after being removed.

  Finally, it is noted that the door may be associated with a door frame having a recess for allowing the passage of electrical cables between the inside and outside of the station. The recess is then preferably associated with a hatch adapted to occupy a closed position of the latter, when no cable passes through this recess.

  Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent in the detailed non-limiting description below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

  This description will be made with regard to the appended drawings among which; FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an indoor maneuvering transformer station according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; - Figure 2 shows a sectional view taken along the plane P1 of Figure 1; FIG. 3 represents a sectional view taken along the plane P2 of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 represents a sectional view similar to that of FIG. 2, schematizing the manner of extracting / setting up the transformer of the substation; of Figure 1; - Figure 5 shows a sectional view similar to that of Figure 2, schematically showing the flow of cooling air through the transformer station; and FIGS. 6a and 6b show enlarged front views of the front part of the side wall of the transformation station of FIG. 1, schematizing the manner of passing electrical cables through this same front part of the side wall.

  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a transformer station 1 with an interior maneuvering area according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

  Overall, the transformer station 1 has a side wall 2, a front portion 4 equipped with a door 6 is disposed substantially perpendicular to a direction of the depth X of the station 1, the front portion 4 being located in a plane defined jointly by a transverse direction Y of the station 1, and a direction of the height Z of the latter.

  Of course, it should be understood that the X, Y and Z directions, posed conventionally, are orthogonal to each other.

  The side wall 2 also has a bottom portion 8 substantially parallel to the front portion 4, and two side portions 10a, 10b each placed in a plane XZ.

  The four parts 4, 8, 10a, 10b which have just been mentioned are advantageously made together in one piece in a concrete-based material, reinforced in known manner by elements of the glass fiber, plastic, or metal frame, and constitute a set of which a section along an XY plane is preferably of square or rectangular shape.

  The transformer station 1 is provided with a roof 12 closing an upper end of the side wall 2, and a floor 14 closing a lower end of this side wall.

  Finally, the floor 14 is extended downwards by a tank 15 for bending electric power cables, as well as the retention of liquid dielectrics, this tank 15 being intended to be at least partially buried in the ground.

  Reference will now be made to FIGS. 2 and 3, FIG. 2 being a sectional view taken along a plane P1 corresponding to any XZ plane passing through the station 1, and FIG. 3 being a sectional view taken along a plane P2 corresponding to any XY plane traversing this same station.

  The floor 14 and the roof 12 jointly define a space 16 in which there is a transformer 18, a first electrical equipment 20 of the medium voltage type connected to the transformer 18, and a second electrical equipment 22 of the low-voltage type also connected. to the same transformer 18. As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the electrical equipment 20, 22 and the transformer 18 are each arranged on the floor 14 of the station 1. In addition, if this specific configuration relates to a medium-voltage / low-voltage transformer substation, other electrical equipment, such as medium-voltage equipment and other medium-voltage equipment, could of course be used to obtain a medium-voltage / medium-voltage transformer substation. voltage. This type of substation could then, for example, ensure the transformation from 20 kV to 7.2 kV, mainly for industrial networks. As such, it is specified that mean voltage is understood to mean voltages lower than 100 kV, but greater than or equal to 1 kV.

  As for the transformer 18, it usually has a length of 2 m and a width of 1 m. As such, the transformer 18 is preferably placed in the bottom of the space 16, so close to the bottom portion 8 of the side wall 2, so that its length is oriented in the direction Y, and that its width is oriented in the direction X. The transformer used is for example protection cutoff type (TPC).

  Moreover, the first and second electrical equipment 20, 22 are placed between the transformer 18 and the front part 4, respectively along the side portion 10a and along the side portion 10b of the side wall 2, or conversely .

  Therefore, Figure 3 clearly shows that the elements 18, 20 and 22 together roughly form a U, the space between the side branches and the base of the U form an inner operating area 24 for operator. In this respect, the dotted lines shown in this same FIG. 3 schematize the fact that this inner maneuvering area 24 preferably takes the form of a laterally delimited corridor, that is to say in the Y direction, by the equipment. 20, 22, forwards by the door 6 and possibly by the front portion 4 of the side wall 2, and towards the rear by a front face of the transformer 18. In addition, this corridor is also bounded downwards by the floor 14 and upwards by the roof 12, as shown schematically by the dashed lines of Figures 2 and 3.

  In addition, this corridor, with a height of approximately 2 m or more, has a width 1 in the Y direction that is close to 800 mm or more, and a depth in the X direction which is also order of 800 mm or more. Although these dimensions are given as an indication, they nonetheless correspond to values that fulfill the conditions laid down by the regulations in force concerning the size of the internal maneuvering areas of electrical distribution stations. Thus, they allow the internal operating area 24 to have a minimum free distance of 800 mm (in the Y direction) in front of the access to the operating members of each electrical equipment 20, 22.

  The maneuvering area 24 is therefore in the extension of the door 6, which also has a width in the Y direction which is less than 900 mm and preferably close to 800 mm, and a height in the direction Z which is of the order of 2 m, corresponding roughly to the height of the front portion 4 of the side wall 2. Thus, an operator entering the space 16 through the door 6, which is preferably the only door provided on this station 1, enters directly into the maneuvering area 24, and can easily close the door behind him. In this regard, it may be noted that the portion of the floor 14 delimiting the inner maneuvering area 24 is preferably at least partially formed by two removable panels 26, as can be seen in FIG. 3. This configuration advantageously allows a operator to remove one of these two panels 26 and sit on the other to perform the above operations, they may for example consist in the manufacture of low-voltage or medium voltage links. In this way, by sitting on one of the two panels 26, the operator can then occupy a relatively comfortable position in which his legs penetrate inside the tank 15, which has been made open to the top by the removing the other of the two panels 26.

  Of course, the maneuvering area 24 which is described as an illustrative example may be modified, but must always leave the possibility to an operator located inside thereof to have full access to both equipment To do this, it can then be generally provided that the operating area 24 is such that a minimum spacing between these two devices 20, 22 is greater than or equal to about 800 mm.

  The transformation station 1 which has just been presented may then have a reduced ground surface compared with those previously encountered, this area may in fact be less than or equal to 5 m2, for example by providing a depth L 'in the direction X and a width 1 'in the Y direction each between about 2 and 2.5 m. Naturally, it should be understood that the floor surface of the station 1 corresponds to a surface delimited by its side wall 2 when the latter is projected on any plane XY.

  This value of 5 m2 is particularly interesting insofar as it allows to require only a small area of land to achieve the burying of station 1 in the ground.

  Indeed, when the floor area of a transformer station 1 is less than or equal to 5 m2, it is currently customary for an equipotential earth belt to be buried all around this station at a distance of 0.5. m of it.

  By placing S on the so-called square surface of such a transformer station, the required surface area St is then given by the following formula: (1) St = S + 2IS + 1 On the other hand, when the ground surface of a transformer station is greater than or equal to 6 m2, it is currently customarily practiced that an equipotential ground belt is buried all around this station, this time at a distance of 1 m from it.

  In the case of a square S surface station, the required area of land is then given by the following formula: (2) St = S + 4 ('\ / S + 1) As an indication, it is specified that in practice, the substation surface is generally rectangular, which leads to a value St greater than that calculated here for a square station.

  In any case, according to the formula (1) for the post 1 which has just been described and in application of the formula (2) for a conventional indoor maneuvering station of the prior art having With a floor area of 6 m2, it is realized that the necessary land area is advantageously halved when the station increases from 6 m2 to 5 m2, from about 20 m2 to about 10 m2.

  Again with reference to Figure 2, we can see that the roof 12 has two roof elements, forming substantially two half-roofs.

  Among these two half-roofs, there is firstly a fixed roof element 28 which is substantially parallel to the floor 14 and which extends generally above the electrical equipment 20, 22 and the operating area 24. More specifically, the fixed roof element 28, which is preferably made in one piece with the whole of the side wall 2, extends in the Y direction over the entire width of the station 1 and beyond. it, forwardly beyond the front portion 4 and the door 6, and finally back to near the front face of the transformer 18.

  On the other hand, there is also a removable roof element 30 which is located rearwardly in the extension of the fixed roof element 28 which has just been described. This removable element 30 is located generally above the transformer 18, and extends more precisely in the direction Y over the entire width of the station 1 and beyond it, towards the rear beyond the part 8 of the side wall 2, and forwards beyond the front face of the transformer 18. As such, it is noted that the fixed roof elements 28 and removable 30 respectively have a commitment portion 32 and a front engagement portion 34 which are complementary, and which cooperate with each other as shown in Figure 2.

  As an illustrative example, the rear engagement portion 32 has a hook shape open upwards in section taken along any XZ plane, and can therefore fulfill a role of gutter.

  Furthermore, if a front end 36 of the removable element 30 is also substantially parallel to the floor 14 and located in the continuity of the fixed element 28, the entire rear portion 38 is substantially flat and oriented so as to extend downward, going backwards.

  For this reason and as can clearly be seen in Figure 2, the rear portion 8 thus has a lower height than that of the front portion 4 of the side wall 2.

  The removable roof element 30 is fastened to the side wall 2 and to the fixed element 28 by conventional fastening means, such as for example screw / nut assemblies, or any other means for easy mounting / disassembly. and quickly in order to allow an easy and fast extraction / installation of the transformer 18.

  It is indeed by removing the removable roof element 30, for example by moving it with a crane or similar device, that it is possible to envisage setting up the transformer 18 to the inside the post 1, as well as the extraction of it outside the same post.

  With reference to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the removed removable element 30 can be placed in stable equilibrium on the substantially horizontal fixed element 28, possibly using one or more shims 51 arranged on the element 28. More precisely, it is shown that the front end 36 of the removable element 30 is oriented forward, and slightly raised by the wedges 51 interposed between a front portion of the element 28 and a front portion of the element 30. Of this way, there is no risk that the front end 36 obstructs the opening of the access door 6. In addition, a rear end of the element 28 is in contact with a rear end of the element 30. , as can be seen in FIG. 4, where it can also be seen that the outer surface of the fixed element 28 is facing the inner surface of the rear portion 38 of the removable element 30.

  Once removed and placed, the removable element 30 gives way to an opening 40 in the roof 12, through which the transformer 18 can penetrate in order to be installed inside the station 1 or to be extracted from this, for example using a cable system 41 connected to a lifting means (not shown), such as an articulated truck arm.

  The opening 40 is then adapted so that the extraction and the positioning can each be carried out by a simple vertical movement of the transformer 18, in the direction Z. Therefore, the opening 40 has a depth in the direction X which is at least slightly greater than the width of the transformer 18.

  FIG. 5 schematically shows how the cooling of the transformation station 1 takes place.

  The arrow 44 indicates that the air enters the interior of the station 1 via orifices (not referenced) located at the tank 15, then rejoins the interior space 16 through passages 46 provided in the floor 14, near a lower portion of the transformer 18. The arrow 48 indicates that the air moving upwardly within the space 16 cools the transformer 18. Then, the air is diverted to the before by the slope of the removable roof element 30, as shown by the arrow 50.

  In this way, the air can then proceed along the roof elements 28 and 30 in a laminar manner before exiting the station 1 through an opening 52 made between the front part 4 and the fixed roof element 28, as represents the arrow 54. As an indication, the opening 52 may be identical or similar to that described in the patent application FR 2 793 962.

  It is noted that the evacuation of air can also be performed in the upper part of the bottom part 8, under the removable roof element 30, according to the required cooling performance.

  Referring now to Figures 6a and 6b, it can be seen that the single access door 6 is associated with a door frame 56, made for example directly by molding on the front portion 4 of the side wall 2. This frame 56 has a recess 58 located on a vertical edge of this frame, preferably on a lower part of the song concerned, or even the floor 14 as shown. In this way, the recess 58 can be likened to a passage 60 passing through the front portion 4, and opening towards a space defined by the door frame 56.

  Thus, when the door 6 is closed as is the case in Figure 6a, the passage 60 is closed laterally by a vertical edge of the door 6, and therefore no longer opens to the space defined by the door frame 56.

  It should be understood that this recess 58 is intended to allow the passage of electrical cables through the front portion 4, and more specifically that of low-voltage back-up power supply cables from an external generator. This recess 58 is nevertheless closed in normal time using a hatch (not shown) occupying a closed position of the recess 58, when it is not necessary for cables to pass through the side wall 2. In a in such a case, the door 6 in the closed position and the hatch in the closed position imply that the recess 58 no longer allows any passage between the outside and the inside of the station 1. Of course, to avoid any risk of intrusion into the Inside the station 1, it is preferably provided that the hatch is only manipulable from within the same station.

  Referring more specifically to Figure 6b, it can be seen that when the door 6 is open and the door has been removed or moved from its closed position to a retracted position, an operator can easily enter the interior of the post 1 by the door 6 with the emergency power cables 62 by hand, then introduce these cables 62 into the recess 58, before closing the door 6.

  Indeed, it is indicated that the cables 62 passing through the passage 60 and resting in the recess 58 do not cause any obstacle to the closing of the door 6.

  Therefore, the specific positioning of the recess 58 on the door frame 56 makes it possible very quickly to make connections of emergency power cables 62 inside the station 1, simply by passing these cables 62 through the access door. 6 to the maneuvering area 24.

  Advantageously, it can be provided that the hatch can slide along an inner face of the front portion 4, so as to be partially closed on the cables, in order to meet a protection index envelopes.

  Of course, various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art to the electrical transformer station 1 indoor maneuvering area 24 which has just been described, only by way of non-limiting example.

Claims (14)

  1. Electrical transformer station (1) intended to be partially buried in the ground, said station comprising a side wall (2), a floor (14) and a roof (12) jointly defining a space (16) in which are arranged a transformer (18) as well as high and / or medium- and / or low-voltage electrical equipment (20, 22) connected to said transformer (18), said space (16) also having an inner operating area (24) allowing an operator located therein to have access to said electrical equipment (20, 22), said station further comprising a door (6) arranged on the side wall (2) and allowing access to said area operating mechanism (24), characterized in that the roof (12) has at least two roof elements (28, 30), including at least one removable roof element (30) for allowing the extraction / installation of the transformer (18) by the roof (12), when this element removable roof (30) is removed.   2. Transformer station (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a floor area less than or equal to 5 m2.   3. Transformer station (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a single door (6) corresponding to said door arranged on the side wall (2) and allowing access to the door. interior maneuvering area (24).   Transformation station (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said door (6) arranged on the side wall (2) and allowing access to the inner maneuvering area (24) has of a width less than 900 mm, and preferably of the order of 800 mm.   5. Transformer station (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said inner maneuvering area (24) provides between a first electrical equipment (20) high and / or average- and / or low-voltage and second electrical equipment (22) high and / or medium- and / or low-voltage, a minimum spacing greater than or equal to about 800 mm.   6. transformer station (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that said inner operating area (24) takes the form of a corridor between said first and second electrical equipment (20, 22), said corridor having a width (1) greater than or equal to about 800 mm.   7. Transformer station (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that said corridor has a depth (L) greater than or equal to approximately 800 mm.   Transformation station (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said side wall (2) comprises a front part (4) on which said door (6) is arranged, a bottom part (8) ), and two side portions (10a, 10b) connecting said front and bottom portions (4, 8).   9. Transformer station (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the four parts (4, 8, 10a, 10b) of the side wall (2) are made in one piece.   10. transformer station (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said roof (12) comprises only two roof elements, among which a removable roof element (30), and a fixed roof element (28).   11. Transformer station (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that said fixed roof element (28) is made in one piece with said side wall (2).   12. Transformer station (1) according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterized in that said removable roof element (30) is designed so that it can be placed in a stable position on said fixed roof element (28). , after being removed.   13. Transformer station (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said door (6) is associated with a door frame (56) having a recess (58) for allowing the passage of electric cables (62) between the interior and exterior of said station.   14. Transformer station (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that said recess (58) is associated with a hatch adapted to occupy a closed position of the latter, when no cable passes through this recess.