FR2870675A1 - Kneading machine for mixing and fermenting viscoelastic doughs has driven rotary arm and freely-rotating counter arm turned by flow of dough and controlled by brake - Google Patents

Abstract

The dough kneading machine, comprising a driven arm (30) turning inside a tilting, non-rotating chamber (10) that can be raised by a lifting mechanism to tip the dough into a mobile container (33), has an associated freely-rotating counter-arm (31) that is turned by the flow of dough at a lower speed and is regulated by a brake. The dough kneading machine, comprising a driven arm (30) turning inside a tilting, non-rotating chamber (10) that can be raised by a lifting mechanism to tip the dough into a mobile container (33), has an associated freely-rotating counter-arm (31) that is turned by the flow of dough at a lower speed and is regulated by a brake. The driven arm has a spiral S-shape that tends to force the flow of dough towards the centre of the chamber, and both arm and counter-arm have tips that push the flow in the same direction. They are both made from a cast lightweight food-grade alloy, and have their ends reinforced with pre-machined inserts of an anti-grip stainless steel. A position sensor enables the driven arm to be stopped in its upper position to facilitate emptying of the chamber when it is tilted by an inflated pneumatic wheel.

Description

Field of the invention

  The present invention relates to the sector of kneading and fermentation of viscoelastic pastes, in particular for artisan bakers, those of medium and large surfaces, biscuits, biscotteries, laboratories and agro-food industries in search of flavor , regularity and yield, manufacturers of sealants and cosmetics, and producers of bituminous products.

  It aims in particular horizontal and vertical mixing kneaders with tilting bowl for the emptying of the dough and its reception in a mobile container or in a weighing machine State of the art Known kneading devices with horizontal tilting vat comprising a single arm rotating two inverted helical branches (simple Z kneader) used in the biscuit industry for consistent low elastic pasta, as well as the horizontal two-tool kneader mixer, with two counter-rotating (called double Z) high-shear fibers, hardly compatible with very fragile bread-making pastries, just as in the type of vertical kneader with a non-rotating bowl, always with counter-rotating tool movements such as those described in document FR-A-0240842.

  Mixing kneaders and kneaders horizontal fermentor fertigated vessels with a rotating tool and a fixed tool such as those described in documents rR-A-2710551 and PCT WO 00/51438 and FR-A-2759863 are also known.

  It is known that horizontal fermenter reactor kneaders, such as those described in PCT WO 00/51438, also make it possible to knead pasta at -24 over short periods of time, to knead pasty leavens at -13 over long times after kneading. (during the rest periods of professionals) from a cooling system connected to an insulated jacketed tank of the fermentor reactor kneader; Relatively expensive specific set which is triggered in cycles according to the temperature differences of the pasty leavens (8/14) and which also triggers the slow rotation of the rotating arm like a refrigerator cycle.

  It is also known that the fermentation of pasta and dough, 40 out of trouble, is currently provided by fermentation chambers (programmable and adjustable in temperature) very practical but quite expensive and cumbersome.

  Other types of vertical or oblique-axis rotary-shaft kneader kneaders are also known, generally working only in one-third of the volume of fresh-flow dough in a fixed or outgoing trolley-type tank, such as those described in documents FR-A. -519267 and EP-0354190.

  It is known that kneader mixers with a single tool rotating concentrically in a non-rotating bowl have a very limited mixing kneading range in terms of viscoelasticity of the pasta and that, on the other hand, the rotating tool often causes the mass of dough in rotation thus limiting the kneading action with the other consequence of a change in working time or, more often, a variation in the quality of the results.

  It is also known that mixer kneaders with two counter-rotating tools or with a rotating tool and a non-rotating tool in a tank tend to tear the fibers from the breadmaking pastes despite a kneading efficiency.

  OBJECT OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to improve the operation and the efficiency of these devices, the invention relates to a fermenting kneader mixer of the type comprising a tool rotating in a non-rotating and tilting vessel for emptying dough in a mobile tank picked up by an elevator or more directly by elevation of the mixer kneader fermentor above the hopper of a volumetric weigher, characterized in that it has, in addition to the rotating tool driven by a high-torque transmission, a second tool in free rotation driven by the flow of pulp at a lower speed regulated by a brake so as to perform a kneading with corotative movements for the respect of the fibers.

  The adjustment of the speed differential by the brake acts on the intensity of the kneading at the choice of the user. It also allows a flexibility of use for viscoelastic consistency pastes very different according to.the flours used and the percentage of base water to 60% which can vary from 48% to 80% of the weight of the powder. The integration of a free-rotation counter-arm driven by the dough stream simply at a slower speed than that of the rotating motor arm correlatively preserves the fibers of the pasta. The economic adjustment of the speed of rotation of the arm, and thus the intensity of kneading kneading, by a brake that is more economical than a second transmission increases the results with a greater range of use.

  Moreover. at a time when the baking industry is moving towards slow fermentation techniques between 8 and 16 during and depending on the rest time of professionals from 12 to 48 hours: for a day job and to have hot breads all day long and more flavor, it turns out that the diffusion air conditioning systems that have been developed for the wine sector (biotechnology similar to breadmaking pastes) are able to cool the premises where the pasta is prepared. fermenting mixers and can be easily used (by limiting the volume of fermentation chambers) to the production of pasty leavens, where it is sufficient to engage after kneading, or by programmable cycles (for example one minute every thirty minutes) from of the programmer of the control desk programming only based on times and not on temperature differences of the pasty leaven d slow rotation cycles, either continuously and extremely slow rotation speed (released brake), in order to activate the fragile fibers and to introduce air to reactivate the fermentary process and thus avoid the degradation of the pasty leavens becoming too acidic, while reinforcing the production of aromas.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the interior of the tank, for example steel is provided, by a manufacturing process called rotational molding, a thick coating of anti-adhesive material food grade HDPE to facilitate the emptying of the sticky paste, said coating does not require the use of stainless steel to polish, the tank can be advantageously designed with fillets in the corners to facilitate cleaning, with a plastic horn and have a spout exceeding the height of the tank to facilitate the emptying of the mass of dough, especially when tilting the tank over the hopper of a weigher, to be in the ideal position.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the double-walled pulp receiving roller is provided with a food-grade anti-adhesive coating, for example HDPE, by means of a process known as rotational molding. the invention, there is provided at each end of the branch of each arm, a shape capable of folding the flow of dough to the center of the vessel in the single direction of rotation corotative.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the motorized arm has a s-shaped helical branch favoring the orientation of the flow of dough towards the center of the tank on each side of the arm, the helicoid angle of the order and limited to 160/195 in order to envisage, with a sensor, positioned stops of the branch of the arm in high position to facilitate emptying of the tank during its tilting.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the arm with free rotation, called arm against arm and the motorized arm form, at their opposite ends clamping side and guide side, progressive sections of their respective branches much stronger side attachment and weaker side guide.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the arms, made for example in light alloy casting of food grade, are provided with reinforcing inserts at their end fasteners, for example made of bronze or anti-seizing stainless steel, for if necessary, replace the anti-slip rings, ensuring the rotation of the guide-side arms and supporting the pressure of the clamping elements on the drive side and, moreover, to avoid or facilitate the resumption of machining after casting.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the braking assembly is preferably composed of a control handle fixed on a threaded rod, preferably inclined, passing through a threaded bearing, itself fixed on one of the two cheeks of the frame connecting, at the end of the machined threaded rod passing through a self-lubricating ring, the lining door and the lining resting on the hub of the shaft against the arm, any other braking means being also envisaged.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the tilting of the tank is ensured, preferably, by an inflated pneumatic wheel bearing on the outer wall of the tank, said pneumatic wheel being driven, preferably, by a compact geared motor of large reduction, two-stage cycloid type or planetary three-gear gear, bolted to the frame.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the two legs of the frame, preferably rectangular tube, are arranged outside the two cheeks of the frame, to allow maximum space to the mobile tray for receiving dough, while by limiting the width of the cheeks.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the two side covers, for example thermoformed, styling the thick cheeks, articulate on hinges, one of the covers incorporating, in the upper inclined portion, the control unit of the kneader. fermentor mixer.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, a liftable safety screen integrates a set of water supply consisting of flexible connections, valve or solenoid valve flowmeter and two special nozzles to promote the air / water spray mixture important in the process of crushing and, therefore, the development of flavors during fermentation.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the double HDPE wall of the movable tray is filled with insulating foam, while the material of said movable tray obtained by rotational molding, surrounds the lower metal frame on which a sliding door is placed, which, in position open, integrates perfectly into the low form of the movable tray side handles, the metal frame of said movable tray being hollow rectangular tube arranged in the lower part of the movable tray to allow the establishment of two forks of an electric stacker broadcast in its lowest possible position before elevation above a weigh hopper or above a table at the height of a divider.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the sliding door of the movable tray is guided by a diffusion assembly comprising two guides, four bushings, a control screw, a nut bushing and a steering wheel that can be replaced by a small engine in version automatic opening / closing of the hatch to be actuated for the complete emptying of the dough in the weigh hopper.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, the mobile container is replaced, in full automatic version by a diffusion lift table equipped, for example, rollers on rails capable of horizontally moving the kneader fermenter mixer before the tilting of the dough directly in a volumetric weigh hopper with an independent control panel. The elevation and the displacement of the lifting table, preferably hydraulic and the tilting of the tank equipped with a spout are actuated either by a geared motor, or by an electric or electro-hydraulic jack or, more economically, by a pneumatic cylinder powered by a compressed air network whose industries or semi-industries are generally equipped.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, on the lower side of the tilting tank is advantageously arranged a temperature sensor connected by an insulating and flexible electrical wire to the display of the control panel, just like the electrical wire of the flowmeter screen water for dosing.

Brief description of the drawings.

  Figure 1 is a schematic view of one side of the fermentor kneader mixer according to the invention, showing the brake device of the freely rotating arm.

  Figure 2 is a view of the other side of the mixing kneader fermentor which is shown showing the transmission device of the motorized arm.

  Figure 3 is a cross-sectional side view of the horizontal fermentor kneader mixer.

  Figure 4 is a front view of the kneader fermenter mixer, hood side and control panel.

  Figure 5 shows schematically the assembly of a lifting table of the fermenting mixer kneader.

  Figure 6 shows a weigher seen from above with its hopper.

  Figure 7 is a detail sectional view of the transmission side of the mixer kneader fermentor.

  Figure 8 is a detailed sectional view of the side of the brake device that includes the mixer kneader fermentor.

  FIG. 9 represents the shapes of the motorized arm and the free-rotation counter-arm of the fermentor mixer kneader.

  Figure 10 is a front view in section of the mixer kneader fermentor.

  Figure 11 shows the display of the electric controls of the mixer kneader fermentor.

  Figure 12 shows the detail of the sliding door 10 of a movable tray.

  Description of the Preferred Embodiments of the Invention

  As illustrated in Figure 1, the assembly of the devices constituting the brake comprises a control handle 1, a threaded rod 2, a protective ring 3 integrated in the lateral capat 4, a threaded bearing 5 fixed on one of the cheeks 6, a door trim 7, a hub 8 attached to the shaft 9 of the arm, a steel tank 10 with its rotomoulded coating 11, two feet 12 of the frame, two brake castors 13, two fixed wheels 14, the all of a control unit 15 integrated in the side cover 4, a safety screen 16 which can be raised and the partial water supply to one of the two nozzles 17 fixed on the safety screen, a geared motor 18 and the wheel pneumatic 19 tilting vessel 10.

  As shown in Figure 2, all the transmission devices of the power tool 30 comprises a brake motor 20, a driving pulley 21, a reducing pulley 22, a tensioner roller system 23, a belt 24, an antivibration mat 25, two tank dampers 26, a side hood 27 and, by way of example, two hinges 28.

  The horizontal fermenter kneader kneader shown in FIG. 3 comprises the steel bowl covered with a food grade anti-adhesive material, a lift-up screen equipped with two gas assist cylinders 29, a motorized arm 30, a against arm 31, a tank damper 26, a frame 32, a movable tray 33 on wheels 34 with its frame 35, its hatch 36 and its handles 37.

  All of the devices shown in FIG. 4 front view comprises a lateral transmission cover 27, a lateral cover 4 controls, two feet of the frame 12, a control panel 15, a brake control handle 1, two wheels brake 13 of the frame, the lift screen 16, the tank 10, the movable tray 33, the hatch guides 40, a shutter operating wheel 41, a movable tray frame 35, insulating foam 42, casters 34, a 1/4 turn valve 43 and a flow meter 44.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the fermenting kneader mixer is located above the hopper 104 of a volumetric weighing machine before the tipping of the tank equipped with a spout for the direct emptying of the mass of dough, said kneader being bolted on the plate 46 of a lifting table 45 sliding horizontally.

  This assembly is shown in FIG. 6 in plan view where we see the weigher 105 with its hopper 104 and the mixer with a safety sensor 103 and the hinges 28.

  The transmission means shown in FIG. 7 comprise, under a side cover 27, a tilting geared motor 18, a pneumatic wheel 19, the steel tank 10 and its coating 11, the motorized arm 30, the counter-arm 31, a brake motor 20, a driving pulley 21, a belt 24, a reducing pulley 22, a planetary gearing 47, a flange 48 of a bearing gear reducer 49 directly fixed to the gearbox and to the frame by screws 50, a tank flange 51, a tank flange. 52, a self-lubricating ring 53 and 54, a shaft seal 55, a transmission shaft 56 with a fluted end, a clamping member 57, a motorized arm insert 58, a self-lubricating washer 59, a self-lubricating collar ring 60 , a counter-arm insert 61, a cap 62, a screen ring 63, a screen nut 64, a screen 16, a fixed caster wheel 14 and a frame 32.

  On the electrical controls side, the brake system represented in FIG. 8 comprises the lateral cover 4, the brake hub 8 fixed on the shaft 9 of the counter-arm by a key 65 and held laterally by a washer 66, a screw 67, a seal 68 bonded to the seal door 7 in which the machined threaded rod 2 is held by a washer and a countersunk screw 69, a self-lubricating collar ring allowing rotation of the threaded rod passing through the threaded bearing 5 fixed on the cheek 6 of the frame 32 and connected to the control handle of the brake 1, a flange 70 fixed by screws 71 on the cheek of the frame in which is placed a self-lubricating collar ring 72 which encloses a sleeve 73 and two bearings 74, a tank flange 77 fixed to the tank by screws 75, a self-lubricating washer 76, a seal 78, a self-lubricating ring 79, an insert 80, a self-lubricating ring 81, a clamping element 82, an insert 83, a cover 84 on the cone arm and, on the wall of the tank at a preferred location, a temperature sensor 95 and a position sensor 111.

  FIG. 9 shows the drawings of the motorized arm and the counter-arm 85 which are helicoidal 85 with progressive sections 86 and 87, as well as the end shapes 88 and 89 of the motorized arm 30 and the end shapes 90 and 91 and the progressive section branches 93 and 94 of the counter arm 31.

  All the devices represented in FIG. 10 comprise the motorized arm 30 driven by the planetary gearbox 47, the pulley 22, the belt 24, the driving pulley 21 and the brake motor 20. The other geared motor 18 equipped with a wheel pneumatic allows the tilting of the tank 10 for emptying. On one of the side covers is the brake handle 1, the threaded rod 2, the display and programming control box assembly 15, a box of the other electrical elements 92, a frequency converter 95 of the one of the variants of the mixer kneader.

  The set of devices shown in FIG. 11 comprises a display screen 96 having several lines: one for the flow of water in Kg, one for counting or counting the time, one for the temperature of the dough, one for speed; a safety punch 38, a potentiometer button 39, two on / off buttons 97 and 98, a holding button 99 for tilting the tank, a voltage switch 100 and a membrane programming keyboard 101 with cup keys.

  An electric stacker for lifting the mobile bins completes the equipment.

  As shown in Figure 12, the movable tray 33 is equipped with the hatch 36 disposed under its frame 35 whose movement is controlled by a wheel 110 through one of the two guides 40, to one of the two guide supports 103 fixed to the frame by screws 104, to a plate against 105 connected on one side to the guide and the hatch by two screws 106 and, on the other side, to one of the two flanges 107 support of one two nuts 108 of a screw 109 fixed on one of the two sides of the frame.

  The devices described relate particularly to the horizontal fermenter kneader kneaders with a combination of tools with corotative movements, preferably controlled by a brake in differential speeds and in intensity of relative forces in a tank lined with a thick rotomolded food grade anti-adhesive material to facilitate, when of the tilting of the tank, the emptying of the mass of dough in one of the mobile bins rotomolded food-grade non-stick material then taken up by a simple diffusion lift for emptying either in the hopper of a volumetric weigher, or on a table at the height of a divider by opening the trap door. In this economic configuration, two to three mobile bins can store the dough masses of fifteen to forty minutes, a time favorable to the production of flavors and the growth of pasta during the fermentation phases and before dividing the masses of pastry dough.

  In the automated version the horizontal fermenter kneader mixer is directly bolted to a hydraulic spreading table equipped with track rollers in order to be able to move horizontally and to place the kneader mixer just above the hopper of a volumetric weighing machine before tilting of the tank for full emptying of the dough mass, oriented by the spout of the tank.

  The invention also relates to devices on vertical kneaders for the sectors: pastry, hospitality, laboratory and individuals, in lower tank volume, always with a power tool and a counter free-rotation tool and regulated in speed by a brake.

Claims (20)

claims   1-Kneader mixing kneader of viscoelastic pasta of the kind comprising a motor arm (30) rotating in a tilting and non-rotating bowl (10) for emptying the dough in a mobile container (33) picked up by an elevator (45) or more directly by raising the device above the hopper (104) of a volumetric weighing machine (105) and being able to be placed in an air-conditioned room for preparing the pasta, characterized in that it is associated with the driven rotating arm (30). by a transmission (20-24) a counter-arm (31) in free rotation driven by the flow of pulp at a lower speed regulated by a brake (1-8).   2-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the arm (30) has a helical S shape which tends to bring the flow of dough to the center of the tank (10).   3-Device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the arm (30) and the against arm (31) have end shapes (88,89) bringing the flow of dough towards the center of the tank (10). ) in the single direction of rotation.   4-Device according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the arm (30) and the against arm (31) have sections of greater progressive dimensions fastener side and lower guide side.   5-Device according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the arm (30) and against the arm (31) come from foundry food grade light alloy are reinforced at their ends of attachment and guiding by inserts ( 58, 61, 80, 83) previously machined from anti-seize stainless steel.   6-Device according to claims 1-5, characterized in that a position sensor (111) allows the stopping of the motorized arm (30), branch in the upper position of the vessel (10) to facilitate the emptying of the dough when tilting the tank.   7-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake assembly of the against arm (31) comprises a handle (1) for adjusting an inclined threaded rod (2) passing through a bearing (5) connecting a door trim ( 7) under pressure on a hub (8) fixed on the shaft (9) of the arm (31) in free rotation.   8-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tilting of the vessel (10) is provided by an inflated pneumatic wheel (19) resting on the wall of said vessel.   9-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tilting vessel (10) is capped by a liftable screen (16) incorporating a water inlet assembly by flexible with a flow sensor (44) associated with a valve and two nozzles (17), said sensor being connected to a display (96) of a control box (15).   10-Device according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that a thermometer (95), connected to the display (96) of the control box (15) by a flexible wire, is arranged in the lower part of the one of the walls of the tank (10) on the side of the console just after the radius of the tank.   11-Device according to claims 1,9 and 10,   characterized in that a programmer (101) of the control box (15) allows, in trouble and ferment, programming cycles of rotations and stops from time, the right constant temperature pasty products being provided by air conditioner.   12-Device according to claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the wheel (19) tilting of the tank (10) is driven by a gearmotor {18) compact large reduction of cycloid or planetary integrated in the frame (32) .   13-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vessel (10) made of non-oxidizable steel is covered with a thick material (11) anti-adhesive food grade.   14-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable tray (33) for receiving the paste is of food-grade anti-adhesive material forming double walls filled with insulating foam (42).   15-Device according to claims 1 and 14, characterized in that the movable tray (33) incorporates, in its lower part, a rectangular tubular frame (35) for reinforcing and maintaining a dump flap (36) allowing the introduction of the forks of an elevator in the low position and, in its upper part, handles (37)   16-Device according to claims 1 and 14,   characterized in that the elevation of the mobile bins (33) is provided by an electric stacker (102) of diffusion.   17-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that side covers (4,27) articulate on hinges (28), the cover (4) incorporating the control box (15), the threaded rod (2) brake arm (31), an electrical box (92) and a frequency converter (95), while the other cover (27) covers the entire transmission with a safety sensor (103).   18-Device according to claims 1 and 15, characterized in that the displacement of the emptying flap (36) of the movable tray (33) is controlled by a wheel (110).   19-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevation and placement of the mixer kneader above the hopper (104) of a volumetric weighing machine (105) are provided by a hydraulic lifting table ( 45) sliding.   20-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the planetary-type compact gear (47) is directly arranged on the shaft of the motorized arm (30), 21-Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the braking of the against arm (31) can be provided by a transmission equipped with a variable speed drive.