FR2852588A1 - PARACHUTE-GUIDE FOR ELEVATOR, AS WELL AS ELEVATOR AND EQUIPPED - Google Patents

Abstract

The guide has a socket (4) in which a guiding system (5), a parachute system (6), and a triggering system of an elevator car are inserted. The triggering system assembled on the system (5) controls the system (6). The socket has two parts (40a, 40b) separated by a groove (41) crossing vertically through out the socket. Each part has a half-opened side (410a, 410b) to allow the systems (5, 6) to access a guide (3). An independent claim is also included for an elevator.

Description

The present invention relates to a parachute guide for an elevator, as well

than

the elevator thus equipped.

  In known manner, an elevator car runs in an elevator shaft driven by a motor and traction cables and guided along rails 5 generally called guides. A counterweight also pulled by the traction cables is sometimes provided to balance the load formed by the cabin.

  Generally, the cabin is mounted on a chassis, also called an arch, on which are fixed guide means, such as for example a set of rollers or a set of pads, intended to slide along each guide and to ensure the guiding in translation of the cabin on the guides. These guide means are provided to fulfill only the function for which they are designed.

  Furthermore, in order to counter dangerous speeding of the cabin, there are also provided means for braking the cabin. These means are usually called "parachutes". The safety legislation relating to elevators imposing a stop of the cabin for an excessive speed, as well in the direction of ascent as in the direction of descent, most of the current parachutes have means allowing the braking of the cabin in both directions.

  Conventionally, the parachute acts on the guide by wedging.

  Thus, among the existing parachutes, systems are known which consist of 20 corners. This is for example the case of patent document US-A-5,964,320 which describes the braking of an elevator car provided with a system of fixed corners and movable corners. In this system, braking is obtained by sliding the movable corners along ramps formed by the fixed corners until leading to the wedging of the movable corners between the fixed corners. With the help of this wedge system, braking 25 is obtained then a blocking of the elevator car on its guides.

  There are also parachutes involving a wedging roller. The principle of this type of parachute is that the roller is designed to slide along an inclined ramp towards the guide. Thus, when the parachute is engaged, the roller is gradually inserted between the ramp and the guide in order to progressively brake, then lock the cabin. A fixed pad located on the other side of the guide is provided to counterbalance the thrust generated by the roller. This type of parachute is for example illustrated in the document FR-A-2 689 113.

  The triggering of the parachutes of a cabin is usually carried out by a triggering system consisting of a pulley driven in rotation by cables fixed to the cabin. It is for example placed in the engine room at the top of the elevator shaft. It is provided with weights which, when its speed of rotation 5 exceeds a predetermined threshold speed, are pressed against the periphery of the pulley in housings intended to receive them. In this position, the weights control the cabin braking system, which has the effect of stopping it on the guides.

  When assembling the elevator, each of the preceding elements, namely the cabin guiding system, the braking or parachute system and the speed limiter in particular, requires its own installation time and means adapted to its installation. The speed limiter in particular requires the installation of cables extending from the top of the elevator shaft to the parachute actuation system. The multiplicity of intervention locations and the diversity of systems to be implemented can prove tedious. In addition, all the wiring is cumbersome and space must be provided for its installation in the elevator shaft.

  The object of the invention is therefore to propose a device of the box type incorporating a parachute system, a guidance system and a system for triggering the parachute system which can be mounted on the chassis surrounding the elevator car so as to facilitate the assembly, installation and use of these systems.

  To this end, the present invention relates to a parachute guide for an elevator car, said car circulating along at least one guide using a guidance system and comprising a parachute system controlled by a system. trigger. The parachute guide according to the invention is characterized in that said guide system, said parachute system and said trigger system are associated in a single base, said trigger system being mounted on said guide system.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, said guide system comprises at least a first guide roller and a second guide roller with axes of rotation parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said guide, one of said rollers being fixed to said base and the other roller being fixed to a lever pivotally mounted about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said rollers on a wall of said base, an elastic element being provided to exert a restoring force on said lever. so as to force said rollers to grip the guide.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, said parachute system comprises on either side of said guide a braking system and a braking counterbalance system, said braking system comprises a braking member provided with a braking pad high and a low brake shoe and designed to be able to pivot about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said guide under the action of a trigger system so as to bring said shoes in position of jamming on said guide when said cabin acquires an excessive speed of movement, said braking counterbalance system then exerting by reaction a progressive jamming force.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, said trigger system 15 is of the electrical or electronic type.

  Advantageously, said trigger system comprises a control member comprising two electromagnets with plunging cores, the excitation of which is controlled by a trigger system when said cabin acquires an excessive speed of movement, a connecting rod of which one end is articulated on a pivot of '' one of the plunger cores, a midpoint of which is articulated on a pivot of the other plunger core, and the second end of which is designed to activate the pivoting of said braking member in one direction or the other depending on the excited electromagnet .

  Advantageously, said triggering system comprises a dynamo 25 driven in rotation by the displacement of the cabin and delivering a direct voltage to a control unit provided for controlling one or the other of said electromagnets depending on whether said voltage is greater than a voltage. positive reference or is less than a negative reference voltage or has a deviation from the voltage measured by the dynamo of another guide parachute according to the invention.

  Advantageously, said control unit is powered by the power supply to the cabin and, failing this, by the dynamo.

  Advantageously, said dynamo is driven by one of said rollers.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, said trigger system comprises weights each pivotally mounted around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said rollers at one of its ends on the flange of said first roller and linked between them by their second ends by means of a spring, 5 lanterns fixed to the braking member uniformly distributed angularly along axes parallel to the axis of rotation of said straight roller so as to surround said weights, said weights being provided, when the cabin takes excessive speed, to be inserted between two lanterns and to bear on a lantern between which they are located so as to cause the pivoting of the braking member.

  According to another characteristic of the invention, said braking counterbalancing system comprises a plate consisting of a parallelepipedal block the face of which faces towards said guide has a V shape so as to provide two support points on which is mounted a elastic means 15 carrying a counterbalance pad.

  Advantageously, said elastic means is formed of several flexible blades.

  The present invention also relates to an elevator comprising an elevator shaft inside which an elevator car moves along guides. Said elevator is characterized in that there is installed between said cabin and each guide a parachute-guide as described above.

  The characteristics of the invention mentioned above, as well as others, will appear more clearly on reading the following description of an exemplary embodiment, said description being made in relation to the accompanying drawings, among which: FIG. . 1 shows an overall view of an elevator car mounted on guides and provided with guide parachutes according to the invention; Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of a guide and the parachute-guide according to the invention; Fig. 3 shows a view of the guide parachute guide system according to plane A of FIG. 2; Fig. 4 shows a view in the rest position of the parachute system of the guide parachute according to plane B of FIG. 2;

I

  Fig. 5 shows a view in the locked down position of the parachute system of the guide parachute according to plane B of FIG. 2; Fig. 6 shows a view in the locked-up position of the parachute system of the guide parachute according to plane B of FIG. 2; Fig. 7 represents a functional diagram of the electronic trip system according to the invention; Fig. 8 shows a sectional view of the parachuteguide guide system provided with a mechanical trigger system according to the invention; and Fig. 9 shows a top view in cross section of the interior of the guide parachute.

  There is shown in FIG. 1 inside an elevator shaft. In this elevator shaft are shown an elevator car 1 truncated longitudinally and transversely, two guides 3, the "T" section of which is formed by a core 3a allowing guidance and two wings 3b serving as support and two parachutes guides 15 2 respectively placed on the walls of the sides of the chassis (not shown) of the cabin 1, between this chassis and a guide 3. It will be noted that a parachute-guide according to the invention can also be placed on the counterweight, for example when the elevator shaft includes a cellar. The parachute-guide 2 is shown in more detail in Figs. 2 to 8 following.

  In Fig. 2, are shown along different transverse planes, a guide 3 as well as the different constituent parts of a parachuteguide 2 according to the present invention. In this Fig, 2, it can be seen that a parachute-guide 2 according to the invention comprises a base 4 in which are inserted, on the one hand, in a first plane A, a guide system 5 and, on the other hand in a second plane B, a parachute system 6. The base 4 comprises two parts 40a, 40b separated from each other by a groove 41 traversing it vertically right through. This groove 41 is provided to allow the passage of the core 3a of the guide 3. In addition, the walls 410a and 410b of the respective parts 40a and 40b overlooking the groove 41 are opened in half so as to allow the guide system 5 and the parachute system 6 to access the guide 3.

  The guide system 5 shown in FIG. 3. comprises on either side of the core 3a of the guide 3, a right roller 50a and a left roller 50b respectively mounted À j in rotation on shafts 5la and 51b by means of rolling means 52a and 52b . The shaft 51a of the right roller 50a is fixed on the part 40a of the base 4. As for the shaft 51b of the left roller 50b, it is fixed to the free end of a lever 53b mounted on the lower horizontal wall 4a of the base 4 pivoting about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the roller 50b. An elastic compression element 55b fixed on this lever 53b and bearing against the left vertical wall 4b of the base 4 exerts a restoring force on the lever 53b which tends to move it away from the left vertical wall 4b of the base 4.

  In doing so, the left roller 50b is forced to press against the core 3a of the guide 3 which is thus sandwiched between the two guide rollers 50a, 50b. 10 Thus, the front-rear guidance function of the cabin is ensured.

  A guide shoe 42 is provided at the bottom of the groove 41 to receive the free end of the core 3a of the guide 3 and thus ensure lateral guidance of the cabin 1.

  Located in plane B of the guide parachute 2 according to the invention, the parachute system 6 is also distributed on either side of the core 3a of the guide 3. This parachute system 6 is shown in FIG. 4 in its rest position. This rest position is that which it adopts when moving the cabin 1 at normal speed, as will be seen later. The parachute system 6 comprises, installed in the part 40a of the base 4 on the right in FIG. 4, a braking system 6a and in the part 40b of the base 4 on the left, a braking counterbalancing system 6b.

  The braking counterbalancing system 6b comprises a plate 60 consisting of a parallelepipedal block whose face facing the guide 3 has a V shape so as to provide two support points 60a and 60b. On these 25 support points 60a and 60b is fixed, preferably by pins 620, an elastic bending means 62, here taking the advantageous form of flexible blades of decreasing size with the distance from the plate 60. The two points 60a and 60b provide a space inside the V for the movement of the elastic means 62.

  The elastic means 62 carries a shoe 64 in a material advantageously with a high coefficient of friction with the guide 3 or a hard metallic material. The shoe 64 and the elastic means 62 are advantageously linked to each other by a plate 63.

  The plate 60 is fitted with play on the smooth ends of two screws 61 screwed into the left vertical wall 4b of the base 4. Locknuts 61a ensure the locking of the screws 61. The plate 60 is in abutment against the screws 61 which ensure its positioning opposite the core 3a of the guide 3.

  As for the braking system 6a, it comprises a braking member 67a designed to be able to pivot around an axis situated in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis of the guide 3 and parallel to the core 3a and distant from it. This axis is, in the embodiment shown, materialized by the shaft 51a of the right guide roller 50a.

  The member 67a is provided at its periphery in an area close to the guide 3 10 symmetrically on either side of a horizontal axis passing through its pivot axis of a low brake shoe 670b and a brake shoe high 670a.

  The braking member 67a is controlled, by an appropriate triggering system, as will be seen below, in order to be able to pivot around the shaft 51a in the trigonometric direction or in the opposite direction depending on whether the cabin 1 acquires 15 excessive speed respectively in the direction of ascent or in the direction of descent.

  If it pivots in the counterclockwise direction, the bottom shoe 670b comes into forced abutment against the core 3a of the guide 3. On the other hand, if it pivots counterclockwise, it is the high shoe 670a which enters in forced abutment against the core 3a of the guide 3. In either case, the core 3a is then caught in a pincer between on the one hand, a brake shoe 670a, 670b of the member braking 67a and, on the other hand, the counterbalancing shoe 64 located on the other side of the core 3a. This results in a progressive jamming of the cabin 1 which stops over a distance proportional to the stiffness of the elastic means 62.

  Note that in this braking position, each shoe 670a, 670b, by its shape and its position on the braking member 67a, has its face in abutment against the guide 3 which has an acute angle relative to the axis longitudinal of this guide and thus, it is stuck, its movement is not in itself reversible.

  The jamming force of the pads 670a and 670b on the guide 3, when they are in the braking position, is given, by reaction, by the elastic bending means 62 via the pad 64. This clamping force is progressive, it increases as cabin 1 slows down. The wedging speed is made adjustable by the positioning of the elastic means 62 relative to the guide 3 using the screws 61.

  We will now describe two embodiments of a system for triggering the braking member 67a.

  According to the first embodiment, the triggering system comprises a first connecting rod 68a, a first end of which comprises an articulation 681 on the braking member 67a and the second end of which is articulated at 682 at a first end of a second connecting rod 68b . This second connecting rod 68b is itself articulated, on the one hand, at its second end, via a pivot 690a, to the plunger core 69a of a first electromagnet 70a and, on the other hand, in an area close to its middle, via a pivot 690b, to the plunger core 69b of a second electromagnet 70b.

  The assembly constituted by the electromagnets 70 and the connecting rods 68 forms a control member 67b of the braking member 67a.

  In this embodiment as shown, the braking member 67a consists of a disc which is provided on a part of its periphery with a groove 671 in an arc of a circle. This groove 671 houses the end of the first connecting rod 68a during its various movements due to the pivoting of the braking member 67a.

  There is shown in FIG. 5 the parachute system 6 in the blocking position due to excessive speed when lowering the cabin 1 along the guide 3. In this case, only the second electromagnet 70b is energized, which has the effect of controlling the plunge of its plunger core 69b, while the plunger core 69a of the first electromagnet 70a remains in its rest position. The second connecting rod 68b then pivots relative to the pivot 690a and drives the first connecting rod 68a in a downward movement. This first connecting rod 68a drives the braking member 67a in pivoting around the shaft 51 a in the opposite direction from the trigonometric direction, so that the low shoe 670b, as we have seen previously, gets stuck on the soul 3a of guide 3.

  In Fig. 6, the parachute system 6 is shown in the blocking position due to excessive speed during the ascent of the cabin 1 along the guide 3. In this case, only the electromagnet 70a is excited and its core 69a sinks so. The second connecting rod 68b pivots around the pivot 690b and drives the first connecting rod 68a in an upward movement. This first connecting rod 68a drives the braking member 67a in pivoting around the shaft 51 a in the trigonometric direction, so that the high shoe 670a is wedged on the core 3a of the guide 3.

  We will now describe in relation to FIG. 7 control means which can be used to control the electromagnets 70a and 70b. These control means comprise an electronic control unit E which delivers control signals to switches 71a and 71b to respectively energize the electromagnets 70a and 70b, a dynamo D which delivers a direct voltage V linked to its speed of rotation and to its direction of rotation and which is supplied, on the one hand, to an input of the control unit E and, on the other hand, to an input of a power supply unit A 10 provided for electrically supplying the electromagnets 70a and 70b, as well as the control unit E. The control unit E has two other inputs to which a negative reference voltage Ref and a positive reference voltage Ref + are respectively applied.

  When the voltage V delivered by the dynamo D is between the negative reference voltage Ref and the positive reference voltage Ref +, the control unit E is at rest and does not control the switches 71a and 71b.

  When the voltage V delivered by the dynamo D becomes greater than the positive reference voltage Ref ', the control unit E controls the switch 71b, which has the effect of controlling the electromagnet 70b.

  When the voltage V delivered by the dynamo D becomes lower than the negative reference voltage Ref, the control unit E controls the switch 71 a, which has the effect of controlling the electromagnet 70a.

  Dynamo D is mounted on shaft 5 1b so that it can be rotated by roller 50b (see Fig. 3). Thus, the voltage V which it delivers is a function (or even proportional) of the speed of rotation of the roller 50b and, consequently, of the speed of the cabin 1 on the guides 3. The sign of this voltage is also representative of the direction of movement of cabin 1.

  Thus, at normal speed of cabin 1, both in one direction and in the other, the voltage V delivered by the dynamo D is between the negative reference voltage Ref and the positive reference voltage Ref. The electromagnets 70a and 70b are not energized and we are in the situation shown in FIG. 4.

  When cabin 1 reaches a speed of downward movement such that the voltage V delivered by the dynamo D is greater than the positive reference voltage Ref ', the electromagnet 70b is energized and we find ourselves in the situation shown in the Fig. 5.

  When the cabin 1 reaches a speed of movement in amount such that the voltage V delivered by the dynamo D is less than the negative reference voltage Ref, the electromagnet 70a is energized and we find ourselves in the situation shown in FIG . 6.

  It will be noted that these are the reference voltages Ref and Ref 'which define the 10 excessive speed thresholds respectively in descending and ascending.

  According to the invention, the guide parachutes 2 are interconnected by cables provided to allow communication of the guide parachutes 2 with one another. Thus, when an abnormal difference in voltage AV is measured between the dynamos D of each of the guide parachutes placed on the cabin or on the cabin and the counterweight, the guide parachutes are triggered approximately simultaneously.

  The supply unit A is such that when the supply voltage U of the cabin is present, it is it which supplies the electromagnets 70a and 70b, as well as the control unit E. When it is not not present, it is the one delivered by the dynamo D which is used. Thus, in the case where the cabin is no longer supplied with power, the parachute system 6 of the parachute-guide always works thanks to the power supplied by the dynamo D. A second triggering system Dm of the mechanical type for controlling the the braking member 67a of the parachute system is now described in relation to FIGS. 8 and 9.

  The trigger system Dm shown in FIG. 8 comprises weights 540 advantageously two in number, each pivotally mounted at one of its ends by means of a pivot 541 on the flange 500 of the guide roller 50a, on either side of the system bearing 52a. The flyweights 540 are linked to each other by their second ends by means of a tension spring 542. The triggering system Dm also comprises pins or lanterns 671 shown in dotted lines and fixed to the braking member 67a (not shown) uniformly distributed angularly around the shaft 51 a. he

  These lanterns 671 are parallel to the axis of the shaft 51a of the roller 50a and somehow encircle the weights 540.

  There is shown in FIG. 9 a top view of the right part of the parachuteguide 2 as mounted in the base 4 (not shown). In this Fig., We note that the weights 540 are fixed to the right guide roller 50a by means of pivots 541.

  It is also noted that the lanterns 671 fixed to the braking member 67a protrude into the guide roller 50a around the weights 540.

  During the displacement of the cabin 1, the right guide roller 50a rotates around its shaft 5ia and rotates around the shaft Sla the weights 540 by means of the pivots 541 which are fixed there. The weights 540 are then subjected to a centrifugal force which tends to separate them from each other and from the shaft 5 la.

  They are recalled in this movement by the tension spring 542. It will therefore be understood that the greater the speed of rotation of the roller 50a, the further the weights 540 are from one another and from the shaft 51a.

  When the speed of rotation of the roller 50a reaches a predetermined speed threshold, the counterweight 540 which tends to approach the lanterns 671 the most following the direction of rotation of the roller 50a, enters between two lanterns 671. Continuing its rotation, the counterweight 540 penetrated between two lanterns 671, bears on one of the lanterns 671 between which it is located and thus drives in its movement of rotation the braking member 67a. The braking member 67a pivots and wedges one of its pads on the core 3a of the guide 3. In the example shown in FIG. 8, it will be the flyweight 540 closest to the guide 3 which will ensure the blocking during an excessive speed increase of the cabin 1 downhill, and conversely, it will be the flyweight 540 furthest from the guide 3 which will block during excessive speed increase 25 of cabin 1 uphill.

  It will be noted that the braking member 67a pivots in the direction which corresponds to the direction of rotation of the roller 50a. Thus, it can be seen that when the cabin 1 goes up, it is the high shoe 670a which is wedged in the core 3a of the guide 3, while when the cabin 1 goes down, it is the low shoe 670b.

  It will also be noted that it is the stiffness constant of the tension spring 542 which fixes the threshold beyond which the triggering system Dm triggers the braking member 67a.

  The trigger systems De and Dm respectively described in relation to FIGS. 4 to 7 and in relation to Figs. 8 and 9 can coexist on the same guide parachute 2. These triggering systems can be designed to control the braking member 67a beyond predetermined speed thresholds 5 which are approximately identical. They can also be provided so that the mechanical triggering system Dm can counteract possible failures of the electronic triggering system De and vice versa.

  It will also be noted that the actuation of the braking member 67a depends on the support of the rollers 50a, 50b on the core 3a of the guide 3. However, it could happen that one of the 10 rollers 50a and 50b or both slide on guide 3 instead of turning. To overcome this possible problem, the invention therefore provides for placing a parachute-guide system on each side of the cabin 1.

Claims (12)

  1) Parachute-guide (2) for an elevator car (1), said car (1) running along at least one guide (3) using a guide system (5) and comprising a parachute system (6) controlled by a trigger system (De, Dm), characterized in that said guide system (5), said parachute system (6) and said trigger system (De, Dm) are associated in a single base (4), said trigger system (De, Dm) being mounted on said guide system (5).   2) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that said guide system (5) comprises at least a first guide roller (50a) and a second guide roller (50b) of parallel axes of rotation between them and 10 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said guide (3), one of said rollers (50a) being fixed to said base (4) and the other roller (50b) being fixed to a lever (53b) pivotally mounted around 'an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said rollers (50a, 50b) on a wall of said base (4), an elastic element (55b) being provided to exert a restoring force on said lever (53b) so as to constrain said rollers (50a and 50b) to grip the guide (3).   3) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said parachute system (6) comprises on either side of said guide (3) a braking system (6a) and a counterbalancing system braking (6b), said braking system (6a) comprises a braking member (67a) provided with a high braking pad (670a) and a low braking pad (670b) and designed to be able to pivot around of an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said guide (3) under the action of a trigger system (De, Dm) so as to bring said pads (670a and 670b) in the wedging position on said guide (3 ) when said cabin (1) acquires an excessive speed of movement, said braking counterbalance system 25 (6b) then exerting by reaction a progressive jamming force.   4) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 3, characterized in that said trigger system (De) is of the electrical or electronic type.   5) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said trigger system (De) comprises a control member (67b) comprising two electromagnets (70a and 70b) with plunger cores (69a and 69b ) whose excitation is controlled by a trigger system (De) when said cabin (1) acquires an excessive speed of movement, a connecting rod (68b) of which one end is articulated on a pivot (690a) of one of the plunger cores (69a), a midpoint of which is articulated on a pivot (690b) of the other plunger core (69b), and the second end of which is designed to actuate the pivoting of said braking member (67a) in one direction or in the 'other according to the electromagnet (70a or 70b) excited.   6) Parachute-guide (2) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that said trigger system (De) comprises a dynamo (D) driven in rotation by the movement of the cabin (1) and delivering a direct voltage (V) to a control unit (E) provided for controlling one or the other of said electromagnets 10 (70a, 70b) according to whether said voltage V is greater than a positive reference voltage (Ref ') or is lower than a negative reference voltage (Ref) or has a deviation from the voltage V measured by the dynamo D of another guide parachute according to the invention.   7) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that said control unit (E) is powered by the supply of the cabin and failing this by the dynamo (D).   8) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said dynamo (D) is driven by one of said rollers (50a or 50b).   9) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 3, characterized in that said trigger system (Dm) comprises weights (540) each pivotally mounted around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of said rollers ( 50a, 50b) at one of its ends on the flange (500) of said first roller (50a) and linked together by their second ends by means of a spring (542), lanterns (671) fixed on the braking member (67a) uniformly distributed angularly along axes parallel to the axis of rotation of said straight roller (50a) so as to surround said weights (540), said weights (540) being provided, when excessive speed taking of the cabin (1), to be inserted between two lanterns (671) and bear on a lantern (671) between which they are located so as to cause the pivoting of the braking member (67a ).   10) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that said braking counterbalancing system (6b) comprises a plate (60) consisting of a parallelepipedic block whose face facing said guide (3) has a V shape so as to provide two support points (60a, 60b) on which is mounted an elastic means (62) carrying a counterbalance pad (64).   11) Parachute-guide (2) according to claim 10, characterized in that said elastic means (62) is formed of several flexible blades.   12) Elevator comprising an elevator shaft inside which an elevator car (1) moves along guides (3), characterized in that it is installed between said car (1) and each guide ( 3) a parachute guide according to one of the previous claims.