FR2840935A1 - Beam type masonry construction element comprises end to end aligned blocks having cavity constituting channel extending over whole assembled length and traction rod on channel with end connections to end blocks for clamping blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The beam (1) is constituted by the end to end juxtaposition of aligned blocks (10) having a cavity for constituting, when the blocks are assembled, a channel (11) extending over the whole length. A traction rod (12) is placed in the channel and comprises at its ends connections (13,14,15) acting on the end blocks of the assembly in order to clamp the blocks against each other.

Description

intended to be implemented in the form of a ceiling.

  BEAM MASONRY CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT. PHONE

OUE LINTEAU OR SIMILAR.

  The present invention relates to a masonry-type construction element of the beam type, such as a lintel or the like, for example a window lintel, a window-door, a garage door, etc., or a window sill, or a slab, etc. The realization of lintels in the building sector is commonly carried out on site by pouring concrete in a formwork made on site, or prefabricated and positioned above the opening in the already constructed wall. This operation is costly in terms of labor. In addition, the formwork must remain in place long enough after pouring the concrete,

  to wait until it has sufficient resistance.

  To avoid these problems, it has already been proposed to use prefabricated lintels. If such lintels are in one piece, their weight may be excessive for easy handling, and prefabricated lintels have therefore been proposed in the form of a concrete beam alleviated by recesses, as for example described in

document US 1370160.

  It has also been proposed to use blocks of suitable shape which are assembled in line to form the lintel. In Japanese patent N 5372315, it is proposed to use elements having a U-shaped section which is positioned on site in juxtaposition and being temporarily supported by a plate or support board, itself supported by props . A reinforcement is placed in the trough formed by the hollow of the aligned elements. The elements themselves constitute a formwork into which concrete can then be poured, adhering to the elements, so as to form a one-piece assembly while retaining the external appearance of the elements used and without having to then dismantle the formwork. However, this solution however requires the immobilization of the support board and the props during construction, for a minimum time to ensure the setting of the concrete. Document FR-2779466 shows yet another system combining the use of a prestressed concrete beam of inverted T section with hollow masonry elements, adapted to be aligned and adjusted by resting on the edges of the beam. The various elements of this system are certainly prefabricated, but their assembly remains to be carried out on the construction site. The document FR-2727452 describes a system of entirely prefabricated elements, formed by a stack of hollow bricks in the aligned holes of which is injected mortar or wind drowned in reinforcing rods. Fastening and support pieces can be placed at different points along the length of the beam or post obtained, between the constituent bricks. The fasteners allow rapid installation on the current construction and immediate use of the lintel or any other element thus prefabricated. But each element is massive and can therefore be difficult

manipulable.

  The same problem is encountered with the system of document EP 0001723, which describes a beam or column system formed by the end-to-end assembly of several elements of construction material having hollow shapes, which thus form a channel in which reinforcements can be placed, then mortar injected or poured. The junction between the elements is provided by a plate of insulating material, for example polyurethane foam, arranged laterally and continuously on all the elements of the assembly. This system can only be used as a lintel or the like, horizontally, only by ensuring the support of the assembly of elements that it is not stiffened

by taking the mortar.

  The present invention aims to provide a simple solution and quick implementation for the realization of lintels or the like by assembling light unit blocks, easily achievable and manipulable. Wile aims to ensure a prefabrication of these lintels particularly simple and flexible so as to be able

  be easily adaptable to different lengths.

  With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a masonry-type construction element of the beam type, constituted by an end-to-end juxtaposition of blocks of construction material and having at least one recess of shape adapted to constitute, when the blocks wind assembled in alignment, at least one channel extending over the entire length of the element. According to the invention, at least one traction rod is placed in said channel and comprises at its ends connecting means acting on the two end blocks of the assembly to clamp all the blocks against each other

others.

  The invention thus makes it possible to easily constitute

  2 construction elements, such as in particular

  lintels ie elements intended to form by

  following lintels of doors or windows.

  The use of one or more pull rods to secure the blocks together is particularly simple to implement and allows the prefabrication of pre-lintels, or also, for example, window sills, diverges lengths adapted to the width of the openings, and using the same blocks

standard size.

  The prestressing obtained by the traction rods ensures the maintenance of the assembly of the blocks during all the manipulations that may occur before and during installation, and also ensures sufficient resistance, in particular in bending and in shearing, to support large loads without shoring complementary, or at most, in the case of a large scope,

with reduced shoring.

  Wind blocks preferentially made of a material chosen from: concrete, brick, cellular concrete, expanded clay, pumice and any other material conventionally used in the construction field

of buildings.

  When the building element is intended for the realization of lintels, the blocks preferably have a section in the general shape of U. so that the juxtaposition of the wings of the assembled blocks forms substantially parallel and vertical walls extending longitudinally lengthwise of the clement, and the juxtaposition of the bottoms of the blocks forms a substantially horizontal wall also extending longitudinally along the length of the clement, to form the said channel, open in its upper part

to receive poured concrete.

  Thus, as soon as the pre-lintel is put in place, resting at its ends on the masonry of the lateral edges of the window or the door, it is able to support in a sealed manner the load of a concrete pouring into the channel , and the additional load of the masonry which can be mounted above the lintel without waiting for the poured concrete to have acquired its strength, and without the need for formwork or shoring which would then have to be re-deposited. At most, in the case of very wide openings, for example of more than about 2.4 meters, it will be possible temporarily to provide better resistance by arranging a simple forestay towards the middle of

3s ['element.

  Subsequently, the adhesion of the concrete flows with the material of the blocks will prevent them from coming off. To strengthen the connection between the blocks and the poured concrete, it is also possible to provide a particular shape of the internal face of the side walls of the blocks, for example with an undercut or a

  bead, as will be seen later.

  To reinforce the assembly, the blocks may include in the bottom of the recess a reinforcing rib, which, as will also be seen below, may also include an recess capable of forming an additional channel capable of receiving a pull rod. . The rib rib of the end blocks can also serve as a complementary means of supporting the means

link.

  According to a preferential arrangement, at least one traction rod placed in said channel serves as a reinforcement for the concrete. Thus, or the quoted rods are used both for the prestressed assembly of the blocks and for the metal reinforcement of the concrete, this reinforcement being able for example to be constituted by a lattice of metal reinforcement having one or two concrete irons s extending into the bottom of the canal. In the latter case, one or more of the longitudinal concrete irons of the wind reinforcement

  also used as a pull rod.

  According to another arrangement, as a variant or as a complement, said recess can be constituted by a cell formed in the wall of the block. For example, an element according to the invention may comprise several channels formed by the juxtaposition of the cell alveoli, and wind traction rods placed in at least some of the said channels. Such an arrangement can be particularly applicable loreque the wind blocks made of brick for example. Some at least 3s of the pull rods can then not be drowned

in the concrete flows later.

  According to a particular embodiment, the connection means for clamping all the blocks against each other comprise screw clamping means acting on the two end blocks of the assembly by means of support plates or washers . According to an alternative embodiment, the connecting means for clamping all the blocks against each other comprise a welded or riveted assembly of the traction rods on support plates or washers, the welding or riveting being carried out while the rods tensile wind tension. In the latter case, it is possible, for example, to ensure this prestressing during the prefabrication of the elements, by any known means allowing a sufficient elastic tension to be ensured on the tension rods in place on the assembly of blocks, then to carry out the welding or the riveting of the ends of these rods on plates or the like held plate against the end blocks. From welding or riveting, the tension exerted on the rods by the tensioning means

  can be released, the prestressed restart rods.

  Preferably, the bearing zones of the end blocks on which the so-called wind connection means bear recessed with respect to the front face 2s of the end of the element. Thus, the said connecting means do not create additional space for

ends of the elements.

  Other features and advantages will appear

  in the description which will be made of a few

  applications and embodiments of the invention.

  Reference will be made to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a view of an element of

  construction according to the invention, intended to serve as a pre-

  lintel, - Figures 2 and 3 illustrate alternative embodiments of the blocks, showing in particular blocks with cells, - Figure 4 is a sectional view of a block intended to form an element according to the invention used for 'window sill, - Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment, using a wire mesh of concrete reinforcement, - Figure 6 is a top view of the clement represented in Figure 5 , - Figure 7 is a sectional view along the line

VII-VII of figure 5.

  The construction element of FIG. 1 is a pre-lintel 1 constituted by the assembly of five blocks 10 of prefabricated agglomerated concrete of U-shaped section. Juxtaposed end to end so as to form a channel 11 in which wind places two steel concrete rings 12, which extend parallel over the entire length of

the clement.

  The blocks have for example a section of 19.7 cm wide by 19 cm high approximately, for a length of 25 cm, offering a good modularity to ensure the realization of lintels of different lengths, without the need to cut them. With sufficiently thin walls, for example of the order of 2 to 3 cm, each block has for example a mass of only about 6.5 kg, which makes handling very easy. The pre-lintel assembled has for example a mass of 25 kg per linear meter. These dimensional characteristics are not

  of course in no way limit the invention.

  The concrete rods 12, for example 8 mm in diameter, have threaded ends 13 which pass through holes in a connection plate 14, made for example with a flat iron, which bears against the end blocks of ['assembly. The maintenance of the blocks between them and the prestressing of the concrete rounds is obtained by tightening the nuts 15 screws on the ends of the concrete rounds and clamps against the plate s 14. To avoid an overhang of these means of connection and tightening at the end of the element, the plate 14 is in fact supported in clearances 16 housings for this purpose in the end faces of the end blocks, as

we see it well Figures 6 and 7.

  These screw connection means can be used at each end of the element, or only at one end, the connection at the other end being by

  example made by welding or any other suitable means.

  Also, as shown in Figure 6, the S threaded ends 13 will preferably consist of pieces of welded threaded rod on the

concrete rounds forming the frame.

  In the case of Figure 1, the side walls 21 have substantially planar and parallel faces. In the case of Figure 2, these walls have on their upper edge beads 22 projecting inwardly, and the bottom 23 has a rib 24 of reinforcement. In addition to or instead of the reinforcement placed in the hollow of the U. it is then possible to place tension rods 2s in the channels 25, 26 housings respectively in the said beads 22 or rib 24, and carry out the tightening at the ends by nuts and washers resting on

  the end faces of the element.

  The variant of FIG. 3 illustrates a similar case, with blocks made for example of brick, the walls of which include cells 27 also

  likely to review pull rods or tie rods.

  The variant illustrated in Figure 4 shows the shape of the section of a block 10 'used to form a window sill, the different blocks being assembled as indicated above by tie rods passing through the

channels 28 households in these blocks.

  In the case of the variant of Figure 5, the side walls 21 have an internal face 29 in undercut. The concrete rounds are component parts of a conventional metal frame 17 of triangular section. It will also be noted that the central rib 24 at the bottom of the channel also ends in withdrawal with respect to the front face, so as to be in the same plane as the clearances 16. The plate 14 therefore comes to bear at the bottom of these clearances but also against the rib side, to avoid bending of the plate and

  thus ensuring a better tightening of the blocks between them.

  The connection between the traction rods 12 and the plates 14 can also be carried out by welding, for example after the rods have been tensioned by tightening the nuts 15, which then makes it possible to remove these nuts while maintaining [' prestressed assembly. Other means for temporarily exerting traction on the rods 12 can be used. The weld can also be replaced by riveting. The traction rods may also be made up of any other means capable of ensuring prestressing, in particular

Cables.

  The invention is not limited to applications and

  embodiments described previously only at

  as an example. The same principle can also be used for the production of slab floors, the elements then serving both as beams and

slabs properly quoted.

Claims (11)

  1. Construction element (1) in masonry of the beam type, constituted by an end-to-end juxtaposition of aligned blocks (10) having at least one recess of shape adapted to constitute, when the blocks are assembled, at least one channel (11 ) extending over the entire length of the element, characterized in that at least one pull rod (12) is placed in said channel and comprises at its ends connecting means (13, 14,) acting on the two blocks of end of assembly to clamp all blocks together others.   2. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks (11) have a section in the general shape of U. so that the juxtaposition of the wings (21) of the assembled blocks forms substantially parallel and vertical walls s' extending longitudinally along the length of the element, and the juxtaposition of the bottoms (23) of the blocks forms a substantially horizontal wall also extending longitudinally along the length of the element, to form the said channel (11), open in its part   upper to receive poured concrete.   3. Building element according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one traction rod (12) placed in said channel serves as a frame for concrete. 4. Construction element according to claim 3, characterized in that the frame is constituted by a mesh of metal frame (17) having two irons a   concrete (12) extending into the bottom of the channel (11).   5. Building element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said recess is constituted by a cell (25, 26, 27, 28) formed in the wall of the block.   6. Construction element according to claim, characterized in that it comprises several channels (25, 26, 27, 28) constituted by the juxtaposition of the alveolus cites, and wind traction rods placed in the s minus some of the said channels.   7. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting means for clamping all the blocks against each other comprise screw clamping means (13, 15) acting lo on the two end blocks of the assembly through   through plates (14) or support washers.   8. Building element according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting means for clamping all the blocks against each other 1S comprise a welded or riveted assembly of the pull rods (12) on plates (14) or washers support, welding or riveting being carried out while the   wind tension rods prestressed in tension.   9. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing zones (16) of the end blocks on which the said wind connection means bear in withdrawal with respect to the front face end of the element.   10. Construction element according to claim 2s 1, characterized in that the wind blocks made of a material chosen from: concrete, brick, cellular concrete, expanded clay, pumice stone.   11. Building element according to claim 2, characterized in that the blocks include in the   bottom of the obviously a reinforcing rib (24).