FR2827889A1 - Insulated roofing system has deformable insulating later and fastenings able to absorb deformation - Google Patents

Abstract

The roofing system includes at least one thermal or acoustic insulating layer applied to a supporting surface and covered by a plastic or bituminous impermeable layer. The insulating layer is made from a deformable material, held in place by fastenings able to absorb any deformation, each fastening consisting of a tubular capsule (6) of a thermal insulating material with a flat head (4) and a hole (8) allowing it to slide relative to a screw (1). The insulating layer is sufficiently rigid to allow a person to walk on it, especially while it is being laid.

Description

<Desc / Clms Page number 1>

INSULATION SYSTEM TO BE ATTACHED
A SEAL SHEET
The present invention relates to a thermal and acoustic insulation system to be fixed on a support surface, such as a concrete screed or a steel tank constituting for example a wall or a roof of a technical building, and more particularly to such system exposed to the outside atmosphere, weather and humidity. Such a system comprises for example at least one layer of insulating mineral wool. The tightness of the system must be guaranteed by means of a sheet of suitable material, plastic or other material.

 The installation of such a system is generally problematic. It requires in particular manipulations by the installer, or even the operation of it on the insulator, operations that can cause deformation of the insulation, generally more or less compressible. In general the insulation is fixed to the support surface by a screw. It is easily understood in these conditions that the essentially rigid nature of the material of the screw, combined with the fact that it is necessarily covered with a flexible sealing sheet, result in the punching of the sealing sheet above a certain proportion of screws. The sealing function is then no longer fulfilled satisfactorily.

 To limit the scope of this disadvantage is generally used insulation that deform little and are not flexible.

 Flexibility refers to the ability of a material after compression to substantially recover its initial thickness.

 In the context of the invention, it is considered that a material is flexible if, after compression, it is capable of recovering at least 70% or even 80% of its initial thickness. In the context of the invention, compression means a crash force equivalent to that resulting from the walk of an individual or to that resulting from the fall of a tool.

 A material with a low recovery of thickness after compression, in particular less than 50% or even 30%, is considered to be of low flexibility.

 It is easily understood that compression deformation applied to a material that is not very flexible leads to a stamping which marks the material.

However this stamping is limited approximately to the surface on which the

<Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 compression has been applied. Only the compressed area is damaged and the deformation does not spread.

 In contrast when a compression is applied to a flexible material, the force is distributed and is transmitted over a large surface that is deformed and the material can, after relaxation of the compression, regain its initial thickness. This can significantly limit the risk of stamping the material after compression. However, the fact that a large surface area of the material is deformed greatly increases the stresses in the areas of attachment of the material to the support surface. This results in increased risks of punching the sealing sheet.

 The present invention therefore aims to provide an insulation system, for example comprising a flexible insulator, including the type exposed to the outside atmosphere and wherein the sealing function is not affected by any possible insulation deformations resulting from system installation or maintenance operations.

 This object is achieved by the invention which relates to an insulation system comprising: at least one layer of thermal and / or acoustic insulation on a support surface, at least one means for fixing the insulation to the support surface, comprising a first end to be fixed to the support surface, and a second end intended to cover and maintain the surface of the insulation opposite to the support surface, - at least one sealing layer, in particular a sealing sheet or a bituminous layer, covering the surface of the insulator opposite the support surface and the second end of the fixing means, the insulation being compressible and the fixing means adapted to deform so as to absorb any deformation of the insulation .

The compressibility of an insulator is defined by its deformation under a distributed static load as defined in the technical guide of the Union.
European for the Technical Approval of the Construction (UEAtc) for the approval of the insulating systems supports of waterproofing flat and inclined roofs (cahiers of the CSTB-delivery 340 June 1993 cahier 2662). In the context of the invention, compressible means materials classified A or B or C

<Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 according to this guide (Class A: deformation <10% at 23 ° C at 20 kPa or deformation <15% at 80 ° C at 20 kPa, Class B: deformation <5% at 80 ° C at 20 kPa, Class C: deformation <5% at 80 C at 40 kPa).

 According to a particularly advantageous embodiment the compressible insulator is also flexible.

 Thus any pressure exerted on the surface of the system, in the vicinity of a fixing means, is absorbed partially or even almost completely by the fastening means, able to deform easily, including when the pressure is not exerted directly on the fastening means, but next, and it is transmitted by the sealing layer. Punching of it is likely to be totally removed.

 According to one embodiment of the invention, the means for fixing the insulator to the support surface comprises: a fastening screw to the support surface, a screw whose head, in the fixing position, is located below the insulating surface opposite the support surface, and at least one capsule whose head covers and holds the insulating surface opposite to the support surface, the capsule being slidably mounted on the screw.

 A particularly practical embodiment of this embodiment consists in that the head of the capsule is extended by a part to be inserted, in the fastening position of the insulator, into the thickness thereof, the head and said part. of the capsule having a first cylindrical hollow opening into the head of the capsule and of diameter allowing the screw head to slide, the first cylindrical hollow being extended, on the side of the capsule opposite to its head, by a second cylindrical hollow through axis coincident with that of the first but smaller diameter, allowing the rod, but not the screw head to slide.

 Preferably, the insulation system of the invention comprises an additional sealing sheet covering the surface of the insulator opposite to the support surface, but covered and held by the second end of the fastening means. This additional sealing sheet advantageously constitutes a lower leg fixed by an appropriate number of said fixing means arranged at regular intervals along an edge line of the additional sealing sheet, an area of this edge encompassing the second emerging end

<Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 fixing means then to be covered by said sealing sheet constituting an upper lé, because failing the required sealing may not be obtained at the point where the fastening means penetrates into the additional sealing sheet.

 When such an additional sealing sheet is employed, it is expediently adhered to said sealing sheet by any appropriate method: heat-sealing of bituminous sheets, gluing or welding of plastic sheets. This adhesion, in the case mentioned above of the lower and upper, concerns at most the width of overlapping edges; excellent attachment of said sealing sheet and additional sealing sheet can be achieved in this way.

 According to other characteristics of the invention: the insulation comprises at least one type of mineral wool, in particular glass wool and / or rockwool; these materials, available with various rigidities and compressibilities, are appreciated, in known manner, for their thermal and acoustic insulation properties as well as for their excellent fire behavior; - The support surface is metallic, such as consisting of a steel tank or equivalent (the invention is indeed particularly suitable for the outer insulation of walls of technical buildings) or constituted by a yoke, including concrete; said sealing sheet and additional sealing sheet are made of plastics material such as polyvinyl chloride or equivalent, or bituminous materials.

 the fixing means is constituted in whole or in part by a thermal insulating material which, in the particular embodiment mentioned above, is realized by the fact that said capsule consists essentially of a thermal insulating material, in particular a plastic material such as polyamide or equivalent; heat-conducting fastening means, for example all-metal, would instead be thermal bridges adversely affecting the insulation capacity of the assembly; - The capsule is round, typically with a diameter of about 50 mm for bituminous seals;

<Desc / Clms Page number 5>

 the capsule is oblong, typically 40 mm by 80 mm for seals obtained with polymer sheets; said support surface is flat, for example substantially horizontal, and constitutes the roof of a building; - the insulation is rigid enough to allow a user to walk on it, especially when it is laid (walking on the insulation system is essential in almost all interventions); the insulation consists of at least two layers of mineral wool, a so-called lower layer intended to be in contact with a support surface, and a so-called upper layer further from the support surface, where the lower layer consists essentially of of glass wool of density, mv1, between 50 and 120 kg / m3 and thickness, e1, between 50 and 200 mm, where the upper layer consists essentially of mineral wool, in particular glass wool and / or wool of rock, and density, mv2, between 100 and 250 kg / m3 and thickness, e2, between 10 and 50 mm, and where the ratio of the densities of the upper and lower layers respects the ratio: mv2 / mv1 > 1.5. This gives a compressible and flexible insulation. Its use in the insulation system is particularly advantageous because the insulation system then allows a comfortable walking and is resistant to stamping and / or impact. Preferably, the average density of such an insulator is less than or equal to 120 kg / m3.

 Preferably, the thickness, e1, of the lower layer is greater than or equal to 60 mm, or even greater than or equal to 80 mm and / or less than or equal to 150 mm, or even less than or equal to 120 mm.

 Preferably, the density, mv2, of the upper layer, is greater than or equal to 120 kg / m 3 and / or less than or equal to 200 kg / m 3, or even less than or equal to 150 kg / m 3.

 Preferably, the density, mv1, of the lower layer is greater than or equal to 60 kg / m3 and / or in particular less than or equal to 100 kg / m3 or even 80 kg / m3.

 Preferably, the thickness, e2, of the lower layer is greater than or equal to 15 mm and / or less than or equal to 30 mm, or even 20 mm.

 According to a variant of the invention, the ratio of the thicknesses of the lower and upper layers respect the ratio e1 / e2> 3, even e1 / e2> 5.

<Desc / Clms Page number 6>

 Preferably, the inner layer is made of glass wool comprising a crosslinked formophenolic binder whose weight content relative to the entire layer is between 5 and 12%.

 Preferably, the upper layer is made of glass wool comprising a crosslinked formophenolic binder whose weight content relative to the entire layer is between 5 and 12%.

 The term "glass wool" is usually understood to mean a wool consisting of mineral fibers and most often of a binder, in particular of the formophenolic type, said mineral fibers being obtained by an internal centrifugation process which makes it possible to obtain long fibers with a very low rate of weakened.

 Woolen wool is usually understood to mean a wool consisting of mineral fibers and most often a binder, said mineral fibers being obtained by an external centrifugation process which produces shorter fibers than glass fibers and a 'friable, named grains, quite high.

 The invention is now illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a perspective representation of the insulation system of the invention, and - Figure 2 is a detailed sectional representation of a means of fixation according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.

 The support surface to be insulated is a steel tank 11 constituting the roof of a building of industrial type. This is directly covered with an insulator 10 comprising a first layer 90 mm thick glass wool 75 to 80 kg / m 3 of density and a second 20 mm thick and 125 kg / m 3 density. The assembly of the two layers is carried out so that the panels of the second layer cover the junction lines of adjacent panels of the first, and vice versa.

 The surface 12 of the insulator opposite the support surface 11 is covered with the lower 14 and upper 13 sealing constituted by a sheet of poly (vinyl chloride). The edge line of the lower leg 14 is fixed to the steel tray through the insulator 10-thus also fixed and maintained by the second end 4 of the fastening means, of suitable shape, widened and flat.

<Desc / Clms Page number 7>

l'épaisseur de celui-ci. La tête 4 et la partie 6 de la capsule 2 présentent un premier creux cylindrique 7 débouchant dans la tête 4 de la capsule 2 et de diamètre permettant à la tête 5 de la vis 1 de coulisser. Le premier creux cylindrique 7 est prolongé, du côté 6 de la capsule 2 opposé à sa tête 4, par un second creux cylindrique 8 traversant d'axe confondu avec celui du premier 7 mais de diamètre inférieur, permettant à la tige 9, mais non à la tête 5 de la vis 1 de coulisser. The fastening means shown in Figure 2 comprises a fixing screw 1 to the steel tray 11 and a polyamide capsule 2. The head 4 of the capsule 2 is extended by a portion 6 to introduce, in the fixed position of the insulator 10, into

the thickness of it. The head 4 and the portion 6 of the capsule 2 have a first cylindrical hollow 7 opening into the head 4 of the capsule 2 and of diameter allowing the head 5 of the screw 1 to slide. The first cylindrical hollow 7 is extended, on the side 6 of the capsule 2 opposite its head 4, by a second cylindrical hollow 8 crossing axis coincident with that of the first 7 but of smaller diameter, allowing the rod 9, but not at the head 5 of the screw 1 to slide.

 In case of application of a surface pressure of the insulation system, the capsule 2 slides on the screw 1, in the direction of the end 3. The amplitude of this sliding must simply be greater than that of the compression of the insulator, so that the head 5 of the screw 1 can not reach the height of the sealing strips 13,14; thus, there is no risk of punching them.

Claims (15)

An insulation system comprising: - at least one layer of thermal and / or acoustic insulation (10) on a support surface (11), - at least one fastening means (1,2) of the insulation (10). ) to the support surface (11), comprising a first end (3) to be attached to the support surface (11), and a second end (4) for covering and holding the surface (12) of the insulation (10) opposed to the support surface (11), - at least one sealing sheet (13) covering the surface (12) of the insulator (10) opposite the support surface (11) and the second end (4) of the means fixation (1,2), the insulation (10) being compressible and the fixing means (1,2) able to deform so as to absorb any deformation of the insulation (10).  2. Insulating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressible insulator is flexible.  An insulation system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the fastening means (1,2) of the insulation (10) to the support surface (11) comprises: - a fixing screw ( 1) to the support surface (11), screw whose head (5), in the fixing position, is located below the surface (12) of insulation (10) opposite the support surface (11), - and at least one capsule (2) whose head (4) covers and holds the surface (12) of insulation (10) opposite to the support surface (11), the capsule (2) being slidably mounted on the screw (1) ).  4. Insulating system according to claim 3, characterized in that the head (4) of the capsule (2) is extended by a portion (6) to be introduced, in the position of attachment of the insulator (10), in the thickness thereof, the head (4) and said portion (6) of the capsule (2) having a first cylindrical hollow (7) opening into the head (4) of the capsule (2) and in diameter allowing the head (5) of screws (1) to slide, the first cylindrical hollow (7) being extended, on the side (6) of the capsule (2) opposite its head (4), by a second cylindrical hollow ( 8) crossing axis coincident with that of the first (7) but of smaller diameter, allowing the rod (9), but not the head (5) screw (1) to slide. <Desc / Clms Page number 9>  5. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises an additional sealing sheet (14) covering the surface (12) of the insulation (10) opposite the support surface (11), but covered and held by the second end (4) of the fastening means (1,2).  Insulation system according to claim 5, characterized in that the sealing foil (13) and the additional sealing foil (14) are adhered to each other by any suitable method.  7. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulator (10) comprises at least one type of mineral wool.  8. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the insulator (10) comprises at least one type of glass wool and / or at least one type of rock wool.  9. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the support surface (11) is metallic, such as consisting of a steel tank or equivalent.  10. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fastening means (1,2) consists wholly or partly of a thermal insulating material.  11. Insulation system according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the capsule (2) consists essentially of a thermal insulating material, including a plastic such as polypropylene or equivalent.  12. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the support surface (11) is substantially horizontal, and is the roof of a building.  13. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the insulation (10) is rigid enough to allow a user to walk on him, especially at the time of its installation.  14. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the insulator (10) comprises at least two layers of insulating mineral wool, a so-called lower layer intended to be in contact with a support surface, in particular a screed or a steel tank, and a so-called upper layer further from the support surface, in that the lower layer consists essentially of glass wool with a density, mv1, of between 50 and <Desc / Clms Page number 10>  - LU 120 kg / m3 and thickness, e1, between 50 and 200 mm, in that the upper layer consists essentially of mineral wool, including glass wool and / or rock wool, and density, mv2, between 100 and 250 kg / m3 and with a thickness, e2, of between 10 and 50 mm, and in that the ratio of the densities of the upper and lower layers respects the ratio: mv2 / mv1> 1.5.

 15. Insulation system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the sealing sheets (13), (14) are plastic such as poly (vinyl chloride) or equivalent, or bituminous.