FR2791313A1 - Method of pre-assembly of motor vehicle dashboard involves using frame with cross bar having brackets onto which components are assembled - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of pre-assembly of a motor vehicle dashboard involves using a frame with a tubular cross bar (1) with brackets (7) to support the components to be assembled. These include air-conditining-heating assemblies, steering column (123), air bag modules (17) and instrumentation. The wiring is installed and then the dashboard panel. Claims include a jig for assembly of the dashboard

Description

i The invention relates to the production of a dashboard for

  motor vehicle, in particular light vehicle.

  It has already been proposed to organize the manufacture of a dashboard around a main structural cross member to which various functional elements useful for dressing and / or operating have been fixed.

of the dashboard.

  This is for example the case in DE-A-196 26 441 or EP-A-760 330.

  Problems may however remain concerning the manner of organizing the assembly between the functional elements and the cross member, especially if one wishes to propose a sufficiently rapid assembly, economically satisfactory, which allows standardization while allowing diversification linked to the different models. dashboard to be produced, in conditions of reliability suitable for ensuring

  sufficient resistance to mechanical stress.

  Under these conditions, the invention first of all proposes a method of manufacturing and mounting a dashboard of a motor vehicle in which: - at an equipment manufacturer, one starts from an elongated cross member defined by a tube to be typically arranged between two lateral elements of the vehicle body, - a series of flanges is placed around the cross-member, at different places along its length and they are fixed on this cross-member, - different functional elements belonging to the dashboard are fixed to said flanges and contained in the following list (not exhaustive): heating / air conditioning unit, steering column, passenger airbag unit, instrumentation unit (s) (in particular combined), gearbox control unit, electrical harness, so as to obtain a cockpit, - around these functional elements and the crossmember, a dashboard body and a cover, - then the equipment supplier delivers to a co nstructor automobile this cockpit which is then assembled to the structure of the vehicle, and a fixing to this cockpit of additional elements useful for the finishing and the operation of the dashboard is then carried out, if necessary (with electrical, hydraulic connection. .., of the aforementioned elements of the dashboard, for

  make them permanently operational).

  Such a procedure will in particular allow the passenger compartment to be built at an advanced site, that is to say close to (or even at the location of) the vehicle assembly plant, for "encycled" assembly. , with as a corollary, a reduction in investments, a possibility of integrating as late as possible the diversity specific to each model of board

  edge, and get logistics savings.

  The invention has also set out to resolve two complementary problems: - overcoming in part the tolerances on the tubular cross member,

  - optimize the shear strength of the assembled assembly.

  The proposed solution is that at least some of the flanges are glued to the cross, the respective materials of the flanges of the cross being

  of course then selected accordingly.

  In this regard, some of the flasks may be in matters

  plastic (polypropylene type GFL) or magnesium.

  Besides this, the invention also relates to a dashboard cockpit comprising: - a tubular structural cross member elongated in a main direction and intended to be therefore assembled to the body or structure of a vehicle, - a series of fixed flanges to the crossmember, - and attachments useful for the operation and / or the covering of the dashboard and attached to these flanges, said attachments belonging at least for some to the aforementioned list of

useful "functional elements".

  In this regard, the invention has taken into account the specific characteristics attributed to certain types of flanges, as well as to the intermediate parts supporting the functional elements intended to be thus fixed to the structural cross member: - firstly, for fixing the airbag protection system for the front passenger of the vehicle, this airbag is advantageously placed in a housing which is either integrated in one piece with a flange holding part around the cross member, this holding part comprising a channel adapted to internally receive said cross member, either attached and removably attached to one or more flanges themselves integrating the aforementioned channel so that it can be mounted around the cross member; - in the case of mounting an instrumentation box for the dashboard and the instrument panel, the flange (s) concerned advantageously comprise (in an integrated manner or attached fixedly to them), either the support box for the instrumentation block ( to which the electronics and its covering part will then be fixed then to constitute the handset), that is to say an integrated assembly comprising the on-board electronics of the handset, only the covering of the visor can be attached; - In the case of a fixing of the control box of the gearbox, the flange or flanges concerned advantageously comprise, in an integrated or fixedly attached manner, a housing linked to the aforementioned holding zone of the flange around the cross member and comprising support zones for elements belonging to the gear lever and serving as a transmission intermediary towards the gearbox (in this case, the gearshift lever will therefore be linked to the dashboard and not to the floor, like this is traditional today); - assuming now that the steering column is attached to at least one flange, this will include (always in an integrated or fixedly attached manner) at least one arm with programmed mechanical deformation, adapted to deform in one direction determined (typically, in the axis of the column, substantially parallel to the axis of advance X0 of the vehicle), thus being able to allow a depression of the steering column inside the dashboard, in particular in the event of frontal impact); - As an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned legs with programmed deformation, the steering column support flange could include sliding grooves allowing adjustment of the steering column relative to the flange and therefore to the cross member, in particular for adjustment in depth and / or height of the column (and

so the steering wheel).

  An additional aspect of the invention relates to a gantry to facilitate the assembly of the flanges and of the functional elements of the

  dashboard opposite the crossmember.

  For this, provision is made for the gantry to comprise two plates pivotally mounted on two arms and between which is placed the cross member which

  is therefore fixed towards its ends to each of the two plates.

  Advantageously, the axis of attachment of the cross member to the plates will be eccentric with respect to the common axis of rotation of the two plates, this axis of rotation itself advantageously containing the center of gravity of the complete cockpit, once the different functional elements

reported around the sleeper.

  Furthermore, the turntables will preferably include a series of mounting orifices making it possible to vary the position of the axis of rotation of the trays relative to the arms and / or the mounting position of the cross member with respect to the trays, thus ensuring a balancing of the

  gantry favorable to the construction of the cockpit around the sleeper.

  A more detailed description of the invention will now be

  provided with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 shows, in perspective, a rigid structural cross member of a vehicle, very schematically surrounded by flanges and a dashboard, - Figure 2 shows in more detail a flange for cushion passenger inflatable mounted on the cross member of Figure 1, - Figure 3 shows schematically an alternative attachment of such a flange to the cross member, - Figure 4 shows another possibility of assembly between an airbag support housing and the crosspiece, - Figure 5 shows the mounting of a dashboard instrumentation box, with integrated handset, - Figure 6 shows an alternative mounting of the instrumentation box of Figure 5, - Figure 7 illustrates in perspective with cutaway possible mounting of an integrated gearbox control unit, FIG. 8 illustrates in perspective with cutaway a flange suitable for mounting a steering column n, - Figure 9 illustrates in perspective a schematic embodiment of a flange with integrated steering column support, - Figure 10 illustrates in perspective a flange for installing an air duct, to be fixed to the crossmember , - Figure 11 shows an assembly frame for mounting the functional elements of the dashboard around the cross member, - and Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 show four successive steps

of such an assembly.

  Note that the figures are on different scales.

  Firstly, in FIG. 1, a rigid structural cross member 1 of a motor vehicle is shown, intended to serve as a support and a stiffener for a dashboard schematically shown very roughly in

as a whole 3.

  The cross member 1 is presented as a rectilinear bar with an axis 10 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X0 of the vehicle (not shown) inside which it is planned to install the dashboard 3. The cross member 1 is made of metal, although it could possibly be made of reinforced plastic (such as PPGFL, registered trademark). It is advantageously a tubular part of constant section, preferably hollow, although possibly filled with a

  plastic foam for its additional stiffening.

  A steel tube is in particular possible.

  Its section is preferably non-circular, for example ovoid,

  although preferably square (rectangular) as shown in Figure 1.

  Very advantageously, it is a part devoid of longitudinal grooves or grooves making it possible to engage such or such zone of attachment of a flange coming to interfere functionally with the dashboard, as is the case in EP- A-760 330 o the grooves (6, 9; 3 '; 3 "; 26) are provided to receive the engagement of the fixing portion (4, 20, 23, 25)

a flange (7, 7 ', 7 ").

  In this case, if "functional flanges" (such as the flange 5 shown in Figure 1 for illustration) are provided, the sectional shape (non-circular to avoid uncontrolled rotation around the axis 10 of the flange considered) associated with the way in which the flanges are mounted on the crossmember 1, provides an alternative preferred embodiment of such an assembly

  flange / functional elements / crosspiece.

  In Figure 1, we see that the cross member 1 further comprises two end flanges 9, engaged closely at the end of the free ends of the cross member, to ensure its attachment to two structural parts of the body (or chassis) of the vehicle. In particular, the parts 11, 13 can be constituted by pillars "A" of this vehicle and the end flanges 7, 9, can be fixed to these pillars by any fixing means

  suitable (welding, riveting, buttoning).

  Between the two flanges 7, 9, the cross member receives various other flanges which will be described below. Let us first take a look at Figures 1 and 2, the

  Figure 2 showing in more detail the flange 5.

  It is a flange which comprises a housing 15 adapted to receive an airbag 17 for the purpose of constituting an airbag system intended for the protection of a front passenger of the vehicle, while also comprising a part 19 ensuring the connection between the housing 15 and the cross member 1, thus allowing this housing to be fixed (in

  species, supported) by this crosspiece.

  In the illustrated case, the housing 15 and the connecting part 19 are integrated in one piece in the flange 5 which is therefore in one piece and can be

  particular be made of plastic.

  A metallic realization of the flange is possible, as well as possibly an realization in two sub-parts 15-19; but then these would be rigidly linked together (riveting, welding, ...) so that

  the flange 5 forms only one assembly.

  The housing 15 has, on the upper side, a large hollow 21 defining a chamber open on its upper face for the passage of the

bag 17.

  In the bottom of the housing 15, we see at 23, 25, the connecting conduits for the gas supply to the bag 17 (allowing it to inflate when the time comes) and to ensure the controlled triggering of this inflation

  (electronic control means not shown).

  By any suitable means, the bag can be fixed at 27 to the housing 15.

  The part 19 for fixing to the cross-member 1 is in one piece and includes an internal bore 29 enclosing the cross-member 1 perimeter over the entire width e of the flange, thereby preventing the flange from pivoting about the axis.

  and ensuring effective restraint when the bag 17 is inflated.

  Figure 3 shows schematically an alternative attachment of the flange to the crosspiece. In this case, the flange 5 '(which is identical to the flange 5 except for the few exceptions which follow) comprises a fixing part 19' made in two half-shells (only one is shown) to surround the cross-member 1. Thus, this part 19 ′, in this case monobloc with the housing 15, has a transverse groove 31 with a “U” section to receive closely three of the four sides of the cross member 1. A cover (not shown) comes

  cover the groove 31 and the crosspiece to block the latter in the groove.

  Holes 33 secure the attached cover by-

  above the crossmember and fixing means (screws, etc.) make it possible to block the

  both angular and axial position of the flange 5 'with respect to the cross member 1.

  Note that a recommended way to block the flange vis-à-vis the cross member is to glue it, thus making it possible to at least partially overcome the tolerances on the tube 1 and to optimize the shear strength of the cross / flange assembly. Such a fixation is

  particularly favorable in the "monobloc" case of FIG. 2.

  Figure 4 shows a possibility of assembly between an airbag support housing 17 and two arms 37, 39, for attachment to the cross member 1

  to constitute the "inflatable cushion holder flange" 5 ".

  The two arms 37, 39 each include a passage 41 crossed

  tightly and coaxially through crossbar 1.

  In parallel, but offset with respect to this axis, each arm further comprises a tab 43 of non-circular section adapted to engage each closely in a passage 45 of the housing 35 o, account

  given the shape that can be seen in Figure 4, any rotation is prohibited.

  A fixing at the location of the orifices 47 (shown only for the legs 43) definitively blocks the arms 37, 39, and the

housing 35.

  Before presenting the other figures as different types of flanges carrying functional elements useful for operation, mechanical reinforcement and / or dressing of the dashboard, it will be noted that Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show as for any flange according to the invention: - the flange can be either in one piece, as in FIG. 2, - the flange can have a fixing part (19 ′) in several parts linked together, thus making it possible to replace the flange easily, by removing its removable fixing cover, - or else the flange can be separated into a fixing part (37, 39 in FIG. 4) and a part 35 "functional" with respect to the element

  reported (in this case, the cushion 17) to link to the crosspiece.

  We will not repeat for each case that follows these different

  options. They are nevertheless applicable each time.

  This specified, FIG. 5 shows the mounting of an instrumentation box with integrated handset, identified as a whole 50 and that

  we will call it "instrumentation block".

  This instrumentation block comprises a first support unit 51 integrated into the attachment zone 53 of the block through which the passage 55

  allows close engagement of cross member 1.

  The integrated housing 51 includes a cavity 57 the front of which is fully open to receive the instrument panel 59 surrounded by its covering visor 61 (the two parts 59-61 can be removable between them and, for example, fixed the to each other removably by

  elastically deformable means typically called "clips").

  The assembly 59-61 can be adapted to be removably assembled to the block 51, in the cavity 57, by any suitable fixing means, such as elastically deformable locking tabs

  one of which was represented in 63.

  In FIG. 6, it can be seen that one could also have planned to manufacture the instrument holder case 59 directly with a one-piece outer covering 65 with the fixing part 53 through which the transverse passage 55 reserved for the beam is always formed. (crosses). In this case, the covering visor 61 is only attached opposite the instrumentation box 55, for this purpose being fixed at the location of the

  home areas, one of which was identified in 67.

  The instrumentation block 59 typically includes a speedometer 69 and a tachometer 71, as well as various equipment.

  electronic (gauge, watch, odometer, ...).

  In Figure 7, the flange 80 is in this case a housing support

  81 of the gearbox control.

  More specifically, the housing 81, the upper face 83 of which is widely open, is adapted to receive a lever for changing the

  speed 85 with its command extensions shown in 87 and 89.

  The speed change sphere 91 is suitable for entering its receiving housing 93 formed in the bottom 95 of the housing 81. Any system (such as a lubricant) making it possible to reduce the friction between the parts 91 and 93 may advantageously be integrated

between these pieces.

  Ports 97, 99, formed in a rib 101 integrated into the

  case, allow the passage of order references 87 and 89.

  A cap 103 incorporating a hollow dome in a portion of a sphere is provided for being fixed over the sphere 91, once the latter in its housing 93 (for this, the knob 107 can be removable, for example screwed onto the rod 109 lever). Any system (such as a lubricant) that reduces friction between parts 91 and 103 may

  advantageously be integrated between these parts.

  Fixings (screws, rivets, ...) ensure the connection between the cover

103 and the bottom 95 of the housing.

  Note that an additional flange attached to the crossmember 1 according to

  the above description may connect the cross member to the housing 81, by

  through the fasteners 114, to secure the mechanical strength. Also note that the housing 81 is placed at the end of a link arm 111, connecting it to the fixing block 113 of the flange in which is

  always provided the bore 115 for the narrow passage of the cross member 1.

  The dotted lines 117 point out the possibility of making the block 113 in

separable part.

  In Figure 8, the flange 120 has the function of constituting a connecting element between a housing 121 of the steering column marked

  schematically as a whole 123 and crosses it 1.

  The flange 120 is in this case monobloc and comprises a fixing part 125 with its transverse passage 127 for the cross-member, as well as two arms 129, which project from the block 125, generally perpendicular to

  the axis 10 of the cross member, that is to say parallel to the axis X0 of the vehicle.

  Opposite the fixing block 125, the arms 129 are linked to a fixing plate 131 under which the casing 121 of the

  column 123, by any appropriate means such as screws.

  Each of the arms 129 has a deformation capacity

  in a preferred direction.

  A light 133 was made in each of the two arms, at

  the location of an area with broken sides 135.

  The size of the lights 133 is adapted to obtain an effort

of predetermined deformation.

  Of course, all other areas of mechanical weakness

  could be suitable (thickness variation, ...).

  In FIG. 9, a flange 136 is fixedly connected to the cross-member 1 (this connection can however be in several pieces, with means of

attachment reported).

  The flange 136 allows adjustment in depth and / or in height of the steering wheel. The flange 136 can integrate means for damping stresses, in the manner of what has just been described in relation to FIG. 8. In d other words, the connection between the steering column 123 and the fixing zone 138 can be deformable in a preferred direction,

  preferably parallel to the plane which contains the longitudinal axis X0.

  The steering column 123 here comprises two coaxial parts

  , 142, which can slide relative to one another.

  The part 140 is fixedly linked to a stirrup 144 adapted to be fixed in the hollow interior space 145 (extending essentially parallel to the axis Xo) of the body 146 of the flange, crossing the orifices 148 and cooperating orifices of this stirrup. Thus, the stirrup is held in a fixed position by

in relation to cross member 1.

  A second flexible stirrup 150 is fixed to the "mobile" part 142 of the column. The transverse shaft 152 of a lever for blocking / releasing the axial movement of the section 142 is linked to the stirrup 150 (orifices 154) and passes through two elongated slots or runners 156 of the body 146. A blocking nut

  157, as well as a control lever 158 complete the assembly.

  By releasing the lever and the associated cam system, the user authorizes the sliding of the movable part 142 along the slides 156, and thus allows adjustment in height (or even in depth, depending on the direction of the slides). the steering column 123, and therefore of the steering wheel. If the legs that are deformable under an impact are also provided (in the manner of the legs 129 with a deformable area 135 of FIG. 8), a retraction of the steering wheel and of the steering column can be obtained. Note also that the fixing of the column section 142 does not prevent it, of course,

  to be mobile in rotation around the general axis of the column, 159.

  In FIG. 10, the flange 160 illustrated has the function of constituting a duct zone for the circulation of air from the heating (and possibly air conditioning) group towards the aerators of the

dashboard.

  In this case, the represented portion of the conduit which constitutes the flange 160 in itself, is in two half-shells 161, 163, intended to be linked together (by welding) to constitute the conduit in

himself.

  Each of the two half-shells integrates a passage 165, 167,

  reserved for crossbar 1, as for the previous flanges.

  Thus, at least some of the air distribution or distribution ducts inside the dashboard will be directly fixed to the crossmember 1, thus allowing the passage of forces through these ducts, which is favorable to the mechanical strength. of the dashboard as a whole. In the hypothesis of a fully monobloc version, as for example in FIG. 2, each flange must be engaged by its fixing portion around a free end of the cross member 1 and the operator will slide the flange concerned up to at its intended location along the sleeper. At this point, the fixing between the flange and the cross-member can be carried out by mechanical means such as a rivet or screws. The preferred and advantageous solution in functional terms is still bonding,

  especially if the flange 5 is made of plastic.

  If the flange is in two parts, with a "fixing support" part and a "functional support" part, as in FIG. 4 (arms 37, 39 and case 35 respectively), then the positioning of the "support part" "will be the same as above: you will have to slide them along the

  crosses to their intended location.

  However, the "functional" part may not be reported

  that afterwards, this can facilitate the ergonomics of assembly.

  In the hypothesis where the attachment zone of the flange is in several parts (as in FIG. 3), then the operator can position the flange substantially at the location of its final location, after which the attachment cover is attached and the operator then only has to precisely adjust the position of the flange, by sliding it over a short distance around the cross-member, then the final fixing is ensured under the same conditions as stated above. Such a solution can facilitate the fitting and removal of a flange, or even allow the order to be changed.

  mounting flanges, as required.

  In Figure 11, there is schematically shown the mounting frame that the invention proposes to use to facilitate the assembly of the dashboard around the cross member, before this assembly is positioned

  and mounted in the motor vehicle.

  This gantry, or frame, identified as a whole 200 comprises a base pedestal 201 in the form of a frame, across which extends a beam

horizontal 203.

  Frame 201 can be mounted on casters (not shown)

  to be more easily moved.

  Two vertical crosspieces, or uprights, 205, 207, stand up

  above the frame 201, at the longitudinally opposite ends of the cross member 203. Towards their free upper end, the two uprights 205, 207,

  are each linked to a turntable 209, 211.

  The axis 213, which coincides with the horizontal axis of rotation of each of the two plates 209, 211, will advantageously constitute the axis of the center of gravity of the dashboard, once it is fully assembled

  around the cross member, as in figure 15.

  However, this axis 213 is not necessarily the axis along

  which will be originally arranged the crosspiece 1 and its flanges.

  Thus, has it been shown in Figure 11, in 215, the mounting axis of this cross which is therefore offset from the general axis of balance of the complete dashboard (213). For the mounting of the cross-member 1 (and as a rule, of its end flanges 7, 9, which will preferably be preassembled with the cross-member before the latter is placed between the turntables 209, 211), these turntables include mounting holes such as 217, the number and arrangement of which are suitable for the working conditions

mounting planned.

  Means such as 219 for blocking the rotation of the plates are provided for cooperating with a succession of orifices for angular positioning of the plates, such as 221, for angularly blocking the plates and therefore the crosspiece as well as the various elements which will be attached to it.

as and when reported.

  First, we will report on this cross at least some

of the aforementioned flanges.

  Preferably, all the flanges will be put in place, in the first assembly step, as needed: left-hand drive, right-hand drive, presence of a passenger airbag, ..., etc. After being correctly positioned, the flanges will be fixed

definitively at crossbar 1.

  Before that, the crosspiece will preferably have been installed between the

  two turntables 209, 211, with its end flanges 7, 9.

  It is moreover in this state that the cross member is found in FIG. 12. It can be recognized there the flange 50 supporting an integrated instrumentation box, the flange 5 supporting a passenger airbag housing, the flange 120 of the steering column support, as well as two flanges, 230, 231, supports of the heating / air conditioning unit

  (all possible flanges have of course not been figured).

  At this stage, the operator will be able to start assembling

  flasks the complementary functional elements of the dashboard.

  Thus, in Figure 13, we see that have already been reported the instrumentation unit 59, the steering column 123 and the airbag

  passenger 17, with its control means (not detailed).

  These various elements have been properly fixed and

  suitable for the corresponding flanges.

  The operator then continues the installation of any useful functional element, by doing so, if necessary, pivoting the turntables 209, 211, and locking them in the angular position required for

  facilitate and make ergonomic these mounting conditions on the flanges.

  In Figure 14, the passenger airbag 17 is fully installed, with its control cables ready to be connected; the same applies to the heating / air conditioning unit 233 of the central electronic unit

  multifunction 234, and of the electrical harness identified as a whole 235.

  In FIG. 15, the front 237 of the heating group, and more generally the body 239 of the dashboard, as well as its cap 241 (that is to say the upper part which surmounts the body by being linked to it ), are installed and correctly fixed to the crossmember, by all appropriate means (screwing, elastic force engagement, ...), as well as at least some of the

  "functional elements" above, if necessary.

  Once the verification operations are completed, it will remain

  simply operators to disassemble the end flanges 7, 9, vis-

  screw of the turntables, after which, the dashboard pre-assembled around its cross-member can be supplied to the chain or assembly station of the car manufacturer, who can thus fix this assembly to the structure of his vehicle, directly

Claims (10)

  1. A method of manufacturing and mounting a dashboard of a motor vehicle, in which: - at an equipment manufacturer, one starts from an elongated crosspiece (1) defined by a tube, - there is a series of flanges (7 , 9, 5, 35, 50, 80, ...) around the cross-member, at different places along its length and they are fixed to this cross-member, - different functional elements are fixed to said flanges (17, 69, 85, 123 , ...) belonging to the dashboard and contained in the following list: heating / air conditioning unit (233), steering column (123), passenger airbag case (17), instrumentation box (es) (59, 234), gearbox control unit, electrical harness (235), - around these functional elements and the cross member, there is a dashboard body (239) and a cover (241), of so as to obtain a cockpit, - then the equipment supplier delivers to a car manufacturer this   cockpit which is then assembled to said structure (11, 13) of the vehicle.   2. Dashboard cockpit comprising: - a tubular structural cross member (1) elongated in a main direction (10) and intended to be assembled to the structure (11, 13) of a vehicle, - a series of flanges (7 , 9, 5, 35, 50, 80, ...) fixed to the crossmember, in different places along its length, - inserts (17, 69, 85, 123, 233, 234, ...) useful for operation and / or dressing of the dashboard and attached to these flanges, said attachments belonging at least for some to the following list: heating / air conditioning unit, steering column, passenger airbag housing, box (es) ) instrumentation, gearbox control unit, electrical harness, - and a dashboard body (239) and a cover (241) overcoming this body.   3. Cockpit according to claim 2, characterized in that, for fixing an airbag protection system for the front passenger of the vehicle, the airbag (17) is arranged in a housing (15, 35) which is either in a single piece with a retaining part (19, 19 ') of the flange around the cross-member (1), this retaining part comprising a channel (29, 31) adapted to internally receive said cross-member, is attached and fixed from removably to at least one flange (37, 39) itself integrating said   channel so that it is mounted around the crosspiece.   4. Cockpit according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of the mounting of an instrumentation box (50, 61, 65) for dashboard, the flange or flanges concerned comprise either a housing (51) support of the instrumentation block (59, 61), or an integrated assembly (59, 65) comprising the on-board electronics of the handset, a visor covering (61) being attached to the front.   5. Cockpit according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of a fixing of the control box (85) of the gearbox, the flange (s) concerned comprise, in an integrated or fixedly attached manner, a box ( 81) linked to a support zone (113) of the flange around the cross-member (1) and comprising support zones (93, 97, 99) of elements (87, 89, 91) belonging to the gear lever and serving as ''   transmission to the gearbox.   6. Cockpit according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of a fixing of the steering column (123) to one or more flanges, the latter (these) comprises (nent), in an integrated manner or fixedly attached, at least one arm (129) with predetermined mechanical deformation, adapted to deform in a determined direction to absorb a shock and   authorize a displacement of the steering column.   7. Cockpit according to claim 2 or claim 6, characterized in that, in the case of attachment of the steering column (123) to one or more flange (s) (136), the latter (those- ci) comprises (nent) a hollow interior volume (145) through which passes the steering column (123), which is slidably mounted relative to the body (146) of the flange, for   authorize a depth and / or height adjustment of the column.   8. Gantry for obtaining a dashboard cockpit according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a frame (201, 203) of which stand uprights (205, 207) provided with turntables (209 , 211) between which the crossmember (1) can be arranged with its various added functional elements making it possible to obtain the cockpit 9. Gantry according to claim 8, characterized in that the crosspiece (1) is disposed between the turntables, away from the axis of rotation (213) of the plates.   10. Gantry according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the common axis (213) of rotation of the plates (209, 211) corresponds substantially to the axis of the center of gravity of the complete cockpit, a   times said functional elements assembled around the crosspiece (1).