FR2790185A1 - Centrifugal distributor has frame and container with outlets above ejector discs, hydraulic motors with driven shafts, and bracket. - Google Patents

Abstract

The centrifugal distributor has a frame, and a container for the material being distributed with at least two outlets beneath which are ejector discs (11) driven by hydraulic motors (8) positioned on a transverse bar (5) detachably welded on the distributor's frame.. The hydraulic motors with ejector discs are adjustable in position. Each hydraulic motor with its driven shaft (10) and appropriate ejector disc sits on a bracket (15). Each bracket is movably mounted on the cross-bar across the direction of travel, and towards the connecting line between the axes of the ejector discs

Description

Centrifugal spreader with movable feed point on each of the

  The invention relates to a centrifugal spreader comprising a frame, a spreading product reservoir having at least two controllable discharge openings and ejector discs arranged below, which are driven by hydraulic motors, arranged on a transversely oriented cross member, the hydraulic motors and their ejector discs being movable relative to the discharge openings, in order to move the

  spreading product feed point.

  In today's agriculture, centrifugal spreaders designed to distribute granular fertilizer and certain seeds have proven successful. Compared to arm spreaders, for example pneumatic spreaders, these spreaders have the disadvantage of different friction behaviors on the ejector disc and especially also of different flight properties for very different kinds of fertilizers. This has the consequence for the spreader of requiring a different setting for a given working width depending on the kind.

planned fertilizer.

  Various adjustment systems are known for two-disc spreaders. For example, the ejector discs are made in two parts and their length can be modified to adjust the takeoff point outwards and thus increase the centrifugal acceleration. In addition, the ejector fins located on the ejector disc can be angularly adjustable to move the flight point in the peripheral direction. Another arrangement or additional arrangement consists in modifying the speed of rotation of the ejector discs or else the inclination of the axis of the ejector disc relative to the vertical. Finally, mention should be made of the setting of the fertilizer supply point on the ejector disc. The earlier the fertilizer arrives on the ejector disc, the sooner it will leave this ejector disc and the smaller the spreading width or, conversely, the spreading width will be larger as the fertilizer will be provided to the disc later. The adjustment of the feed point makes it possible to have a particularly simple adjustment of the spreader for treating different kinds of fertilizers, because on each side of the spreader it is only necessary to apply a single adjustment arrangement . In any case, the prerequisite for obtaining a regular spreading image is that the feed point on the two ejector discs is

  absolutely identical.

  A known arrangement (EP 0 496 285) consists in adjusting in the direction of travel the transmission unit arranged transversely with respect to the direction of travel, so that, since the discharge openings of the container are fixed, the point feed on the ejector disc will change. The relatively large technical cost, because the entire transmission must be housed in a guide frame in which it can be moved parallel to the driving direction, is disadvantageous. In addition, each centrifugal spreader must have an agitating mechanism to keep the product to be spread over the discharge openings in a fluid state and the agitating mechanism must also be driven by the PTO shaft of the tractor, this known type of construction requires, for the shaft of the agitator mechanism which is locally fixed, to have a particular transmission train which follows the

  movement of movement of the transmission casing.

  Another known construction (EP 0 485 898) provides, for a centrifugal spreader equipped with four ejector discs, to effect a displacement of the ejector discs transversely to the direction of travel, the drive of all the ejector discs being carried out from the input transmission, by means of telescopic transverse shafts, the transverse shafts intended for the external ejector disks being further produced in the form of articulated shafts. In the case of another embodiment, expensive couplings have been provided. The ejector discs or their drive shafts are guided in open sliding guides, which, in the case of harsh conditions of use of agricultural machines and corrosive properties of fertilizer, necessarily leads to functional disturbances

  and, very quickly, damage.

  The drive and the guides are very expensive, which necessarily leads to high manufacturing costs. Instead of the mechanical drive from the power take-off shaft via a transmission, it is also indicated a drive of the ejector discs carried out by means of hydraulic motors, however no details are given on the way that the hydraulic motors are moved for the purpose of moving the

feed point.

  In another known embodiment of a two-disc spreader (leaflet "AXERA-H", RAUCH Landmaschinenfabrik GmbH, Druckevermerk AXERA-H 03, 03.98 PN), which part of claim 1 is in its preamble, the ejector discs and their hydraulic motors are arranged on a cross member and the latter

  can be moved in the direction of travel.

  The cross member is mounted for this purpose in a horizontal rectangular frame, which has guides for the cross member, in its amounts parallel to the direction of travel. The sleepers, and thus the ejector discs, can be moved and the desired feeding point can be adjusted, by means of adjustment devices arranged outside these uprights. With this spreader, it is possible to cover, just by means of a modification of the rotational speed of the hydraulic motors, a large working width range, going from 12 to 36 meters and, in addition to the normal spreading, can also carry out spreading on the limit, while the movement, carried out transversely to the direction of travel, of the feed point is mainly used to adapt to different kinds of fertilizers and to adjust the image of spreading. To this end is provided a guide, along two parallel slots of an open frame, with a possibility of locking by means of screws. Starting from this centrifugal spreader, known and cited at the beginning, the invention aims to propose a simple construction method that is insensitive to harsh conditions of use, by offering a simplicity of

feed point adjustment.

  This problem is solved according to the invention, by the fact that each hydraulic motor, with its driven shaft and the associated ejector disc, is mounted on a console and that each console is guided in a movable manner on the cross member, transverse to the direction of rolling and in the direction of the line

  connecting the axes of the ejector discs.

  With this embodiment, the parts necessarily movable for adjusting the feed point, precisely the drive shaft of the ejector disc with the associated hydraulic motor, are arranged on a console that can be moved transversely on the cross member, in order to place the feed point in any desired position. This can be done to the same extent for both ejector discs, but can also be done

differently, individually.

  It is preferably provided that the cross member is mounted on the frame of the spreader in a removable manner, for example by means of screws. It can however also be mounted on the frame by welding. Unlike the known embodiment, equipped with the cross member movable in the running direction, the cross member produced according to the invention can constitute a load-bearing part, closing at the rear of the frame, so that the cross member fulfills two functions, know that of a support for the ejector discs and their drives, including the associated position adjustment system, and that of an integrated frame part. As such, the cross member can, at the same time, serve as a laying foot for the spreader and, moreover, constitute a bumper when maneuvering in reverse, in particular when it is necessary to pass under a trailer or the like, or to load the spreader. As a replacement, the casing can also represent mounting feet and / or bumpers for

maneuvering in reverse.

  Another preferred embodiment is distinguished by the fact that the cross member is constituted by a closed tubular casing, the hydraulic motors being arranged in the casing and the latter having a shaft passage for each ejector disc, disposed on the console. The hydraulic motors and hydraulic lines are housed securely in the housing. The result is only narrow guide clearances, which can be sealed or protected without problem against soiling and corrosion. The tubular casing also particularly advantageously fulfills the function of

  part of frame, mounting foot and bumper.

  The casing has, for example, on its upper face recesses, the extent of which, transverse to the direction of travel, corresponds to the maximum displacement travel of the console. It can therefore be, in the simplest case, an elongated hole formed in the casing which, moreover, is closed, elongated hole which is completely covered by the

  console, in any adjustment position.

  To guide the console, are advantageously arranged on the housing bolts which engage in elongated holes in the console, a surface seal being disposed between the console and the housing, preferably made under the

  form of a sliding seal.

  To allow adjustment of the feed point, a linear adjustment member is provided for each console, arranged transversely to the direction of travel, in the casing and acting either

  directly or indirectly on the console.

  The regulating member is thus also housed with a

protected way.

  Advantageously, an external crank is provided for actuation, in the case of a

  mechanical production of the adjusting member.

  The adjusting member can however also be driven electrically or hydraulically. This makes it possible in particular to have a remote control from the tractor, the adjusting member then being equipped with a feedback device.

regarding position.

  According to yet another advantageous embodiment, the adjustment member is associated with two preset positions, one of which is the normal spreading position and the other the spreading position on the limit. The first position corresponds to a determined working width, for example the minimum working width, and the two discs are adjusted in this position. Starting from this basic position, the spreader can be adjusted by a single adjustment operation of the two ejector discs, to adapt to other kinds of fertilizers. In addition, when spreading on the field limit, the ejector disc which is close to the field limit can be moved to bring it to the other preset position, while the ejector disc opposite the field limit stay at his

normal spreading position.

  Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is distinguished by the fact that, on the outer face of the casing, is arranged a scale making it possible to display the position of the axis of the ejector disc relative to the discharge opening. This visual indication, provided in particular when dealing with a manually adjusted mechanical adjustment member, allows the farmer to obtain direct control of the adjustment of the spreader with respect to the predetermined values entered in the spreading table. . The scale then carries figures going preferably increasing in the direction of the position closest to the discharge opening of

the axis of the ejector disc.

  The closer the disc axis to the discharge opening, the greater the working width, at the same speed of rotation of the hydraulic motors. Quantification by a scale takes this into account by having values

  encrypted with corresponding meaning.

  Preferably, for small working widths, it is not only intended to have a lower speed of rotation, but on the contrary also a feed point located more outside than for large working widths. By doing this in particular, we can obtain the spreading image

  triangular desired for each working width.

  According to another advantageous embodiment, a preset is provided for the speed of rotation and the feed point for normal spreading and for spreading on limits. It has the advantage of allowing the spreader to be transformed in a simple way from normal spreading to spreading on

limit, and vice versa.

  When the fertilizer comes out of the discharge opening, there are what are called impact effects, because part of the fertilizer particles, upon arrival on the fins ejectors, is returned in a large number of directions and only a part of the quantity of fertilizer, even the major part, is captured by the ejector fin and accelerated towards the outside in the desired way. The homogeneity of the distribution of fertilizer suffers. This is avoided, in the case of a known embodiment (EP 0 380 040), by the fact that an evacuation well is connected to the evacuation opening, a well whose lower edge is immediately disposed above the upper edge

  ejector fins and parallel thereto.

  Because the ejector discs of the conventional centrifugal spreader are curved like a plate, to increase ballistic performance, in the event of adjustment of the feed point according to the invention, the requirement cannot be satisfied previously presented. This is why, in the case of another preferred embodiment, provision is made for the well to be produced in two parts and for its lower part to follow, by the lower edge, the inclination of the ejector fins, during the setting

of the ejector disc.

  To avoid any resumption of manual adjustment, it is preferably provided in addition that the lower part of the evacuation well can carry out a follow-up movement via a link to the console, this corresponding to its

displacement race.

  For example, the lower part can be mounted on the upper part of the evacuation well, on an axis parallel to the transverse shaft and can be tilted between a position with a horizontal lower edge, position furthest from the opening d '' of the ejector disc axis, and a position at the lower edge inclined downward in the direction of rotation of the ejector discs, position closest to the evacuation opening,

the ejector disc axis.

  This tilting embodiment offers the possibility of making the connection between the console and the lower part in the form of a simple stirrup, fixed to the console and engaging by its upper branch, which extends in the direction of the shaft. transverse, but inclined to it, in an elongated hole made in one leg

fixed on the lower part.

  The caliper is therefore moved jointly with the console when adjusting the axis of the ejector disc, so that its angle of inclination gives the adjustment stroke necessary for the pivoting movement of the lower part. The angle of inclination of the upper arm of the stirrup relative to the horizontal corresponds for example to the angle of inclination of

  the upper edge of the ejector fin.

  Instead, the lower part can be arranged on the upper part of the drainage well, in a manner also movable in height. Finally, it is advantageous for the evacuation well to be lined, on its lower edge, with a brush reaching the upper edge of the ejector fins. Because the brush reaches the top edge and can be kept away from it, the fertilizer is transferred to the fin

impact lossless ejector.

  It is finally advantageous that, when the area of the opening cross-section increases, the center of gravity of the surface of the evacuation opening which can be controlled is moved in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the ejector disc and / or outwards on it. We are thus opposed

  to what's called the mass effect.

  The invention will be described below using a few exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing, knowing that only part of the centrifugal spreader with the transmission is shown. In detail: FIG. 1 is a rear elevation view of a two-disc spreader, partially shown in section; 15. Figure 2 is a top view of the embodiment of Figure 1; FIG. 3 is a view of the front face of the casing in the case of a position distant from the axis of the supply point; 20. Figure 4 is a view corresponding to Figure 3 in the case of a position close to the axis of the feed point, and Figure 5 is a rear perspective view of the spreader. The two-disc spreader has a spreading product reservoir having two hoppers of which in the drawing only one hopper 1 is illustrated. Each hopper has a discharge opening 2 to which is connected a discharge well which is generally designated by 3. The discharge opening 2 can be controlled by means of a register

not shown.

  The frame, not shown, of the two-disc spreader supports the storage tank and the spreading group generally designated by 4, which has a cross-member, produced in the form of a casing 5, consisting of a rectangular tube , closed at its ends by shutters 6. In the casing 5 can be mounted a shaft journal 7 (Figure 2) which is coupled by an articulated shaft to the power take-off shaft of the tractor and is used for driving an agitator mechanism, not shown, mounted in the

spreading product tank.

  In the casing is disposed, near each of its two ends, a hydraulic motor 8, on the drive shaft 10 of each of which is mounted an ejector disc 11. The ejector discs are curved and, on their upper faces, are arranged at least two ejector fins 12. The ejector discs 11 can be fixed to the drive shafts 10, using quick couplings or the like. The drive shaft 10 is mounted on a console 15 on which the hydraulic motor 8 is fixed. The console covers recesses 16 formed on the upper face of the casing 5. The recess 16 is, for example, produced in the form of an elongated hole. Between the console 15 and the upper face of the casing 5, a sliding seal is arranged, produced in the form of a surface seal. If necessary, the sealing gap may still be covered by an elastic sleeve or the like which is

  fixed on the console and / or on the housing 5.

  Each console 15 is associated with an adjustment member 17 produced in the form of a pin which is mounted in the covers 16, mounted on the front side, of the casing 5 and provided, outside the casing 5, with a crank 18 By rotating the crank 18, the console 15 can be moved transversely with respect to the direction of travel. The drive shaft of the ejector disc 11 then changes position relative to the discharge well 3, so that the point of feeding the fertilizer on the disc

ejector 11 is moved.

  The amplitude of the movement or the adjustment of the feed point using the spreading table can be read on a reading scale 19 (Figure 2) which cooperates with an indicator or needle 29 fixed on the console 15. The figure 2 represents an average setting for an average working width and for a given kind of fertilizer. Scale scaling is performed so that the numerical values increase with the movement of the feed point inward (greater spreading width) or

  decrease when moving outward.

  The brackets 15 have on their opposite narrow sides guide slots 21, with the help of which they are guided on bolts 22, secured for example by welding, on the face

upper cover 5 (Figure 3).

  As can be seen in FIGS. 1, the ejector discs 11 are curved. Consequently, the upper edge 23 of the electrifying fins 12 has a corresponding inclination. The drainage well 3 has a lower edge 24 of corresponding inclination, edge on which, in the example of embodiment shown, is still fixed a strip of bristles or bristles 25 which reaches up to the upper edge 23 of the fins Due to the displacement of the feed point, the modification of the position of the ejector fin 12 and thus of its upper edge 23 relative to the lower edge 24 and / or the strip of bristles or bristles 25 of the evacuation well 3, the evacuation well 3 is made in two parts. It has a rigid upper part 26 which is connected directly to the discharge opening 2, and a movable lower part 27 which is connected to it. The lower part 27 is coupled to the movable console 15 by means of a link 28 produced in the form of a stirrup which is fixed to the console by one of its branches 29 and engages on the lower part 27 by his other branch 30. Details

  more precise are visible in Figures 3 and 4.

  In FIGS. 3 and 4, the ejector fins 12 are shown in section, having a U-shape. FIG. 3 represents an adjustment of the console 15 for which the feed point is in its most furthest position. outside. In this position, the lower edge 24, or the brush 25 being fixed thereto, of the lower part 27 of the well 3 extends approximately horizontally. FIG. 4, on the other hand, represents a position in which the feed point takes its position closest to the axis of the ejector disc. The upper edge 23, or the upper branch of the ejector fin 12, is thus located lower. To ensure, also in this position, the transfer of the fertilizer into the ejector fin 12 without impact losses, the lower part 27 of the well is tiltable around an axis 31 fixed on the upper part 26. In addition, on the lower part 27 is mounted a tab 32 having an elongated hole 33 in which the upper branch 30 of the stirrup 28 engages with play. During the movement of the console 15 with the ejector disc 11, from the position shown in the Figure 3, with a feed point far outside, at the position shown in Figure 4, due to the inclination of the upper arm 30 of the bracket 28 (Figure 1), the tab 32 is raised and, thus, the lower part 27 of the well 3 is tilted and, precisely, so that the lower edge 24 or the brush 25 is inclined downward in the direction of rotation of the ejector disc 11. The edge, located at the rear in the direction of rotation, of the ev well acuation or of the lower part 27 thus follows the inclination of the upper branch 23 of the ejector fin 12 during the adjustment movement of the feed point. FIG. 5 represents, seen from the rear, the complete spreader with two discs. The spreading product tank, receiving the two hoppers 1, is mounted in a frame 35 which has two parallel supports 36, extending parallel backwards, support on which is fixed the cross member 4 which stiffens at the rear the framework. On the cross-member 4 are mounted by welding parts 37 in the shape of a U, projecting towards the rear, the mounting being done by their two branches, parts 37 which constitute both the laying feet or the crutches, for installing the spreader on the ground, only bumpers, acting as impact protection when performing

a maneuver in reverse.

Claims (30)

  1. Centrifugal spreader comprising a frame, a spreading product reservoir having at least two controllable discharge openings and ejector discs arranged below, which are driven by hydraulic motors, arranged on a transversely oriented cross member, the hydraulic motors and their ejector disks being movable relative to the discharge openings in order to move the point of supply of the spreading product, characterized in that the assembly formed by each hydraulic motor (8), its driven shaft (10) and the associated ejector disc (11), is mounted on a console (15) and in that each console is guided in a movable manner on the cross-member (4), transversely to the direction of travel and in the direction of the line connecting the axes of the discs ejectors (11) therebetween.   2. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-member (4) is removably mounted on the frame of the spreader. 3. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the crosspiece (4)   is mounted by welding on the frame of the spreader.   4. Centrifugal spreader according to one of the   Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cross member   (4) is a load-bearing part, closing the frame to the back of the frame.   5. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 4, characterized in that the crosspiece (4)   serves as a laying foot for the spreader.   6. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the crosspiece (4) constitutes a bumper for the maneuver in motion rear of the spreader.   7. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the crossmember (4) has laying feet and / or bumpers   for reverse maneuvering. 8. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that   that the cross-member (4) is produced in the form of a closed tubular casing (5), the hydraulic motors (8) being arranged in the casing and the latter having a shaft passage for each   ejector disc (11) mounted on the console (15).   9. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 8, characterized in that the casing (5) has on its upper face recesses (16) whose transverse extent relative to the running direction corresponds to the displacement stroke maximum of consoles (15).   10. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the console (15) completely covers the recess (16), any adjustment position. 11. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that   that the console (15) is guided, using elongated holes (21), on bolts (22) mounted on the casing (5). 12. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that   a sliding seal is placed between the console (15) and the casing (5). 13. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 1 to 12,   characterized in that, for each console (15), there is provided a linear adjustment member (17), disposed in the casing (5), transverse to the direction of travel, and acts on the console (15).   14. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 13, characterized in that the adjustment member (17) has a crank (18) placed   externally, for actuation. 15. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that   that the adjusting member is driven electrically or hydraulically. 16. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 15, characterized in that the adjustment member is equipped with a position feedback device, for remote control actuation. 17. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 12 to 16, characterized in   that two pre-adjustable positions, for normal and limit spreading are associated with the adjusting member (17). 18. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that   that on the outer face of the casing (5) is arranged a reading scale (19) intended to visually indicate the positions of the ejector disc (11) by   relative to the discharge opening (2).   19. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 18, characterized in that the scale (19) has numbers which increase in the direction of the position closest to the opening   evacuation (2) of the axis of the ejector disc (11).   20. Centrifugal spreader according to one of the   claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the   hydraulic motors have a regulation of   rotational speed subject to control. 21. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 1 to 20, characterized in   a lower speed and a feed point located more outside than for large working widths are provided for small 18 2790185 working widths. 22. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 1 to 21, characterized in   that, for boundary spreading, the feed point is moved outward with a decrease, on one side of the spreader, of the speed of rotation. 23. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 22, characterized in that there is provided a presetting of the speed of rotation and a presetting of the feed point for the normal spreading of a   on the one hand, and spreading on the limit on the other. 24. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 1 to 23, wherein   the discharge opening (2) is extended by a discharge well (3), the lower edge (24) of which is arranged directly above the upper edge (23) of the electrifying fin (12 ) mounted on the ejector disc (11) and parallel to it, characterized in that, in the case of domed ejector discs (11), the well (3) is produced in two parts and its lower part (27) follows , by the lower edge (24), the inclination of the electrifying fins (12) when adjusting the disc ejector (11).   25. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 24, characterized in that the position of the lower part (27) of the evacuation well (3) is capable of being modified by means of a link (28) to the console. (15), while moving of it.   26. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the lower part (27) is mounted on the upper part (26) of the evacuation well (3), on an axis (31) parallel to its transverse shaft (7), and is capable of pivoting, between a position in which the lower edge (24) is horizontal, this position being the furthest from the discharge opening (2) from the axis of the ejector disc (11 ), and a position in which the lower edge (24) is inclined downward in the direction of rotation of the ejector disc (11), this position being closest to the discharge opening (2) of the disc axis ejector (11). 27. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 24 to 26, characterized in   that the connection between the console (15) and the lower part (27) is constituted by a stirrup (28), fixed to the console (15) and engaging, by its upper branch (30), extending in the direction of the transverse shaft (7), but inclined relative thereto, in an elongated hole (33) formed in a   tab (32) fixed to the lower part (27).   28. Centrifugal spreader according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the lower part (27) is arranged in an adjustable manner in height on the upper part (26) of the well. evacuation (3). 29. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 24 to 28, characterized in   that the evacuation well (3) is equipped on its lower edge with a brush (25) reaching   the upper edge (23) of the ejector fin (12). 30. Centrifugal spreader according to one   any of claims 1 to 29, characterized in   that the center of gravity of the surface of the discharge opening (2) which can be controlled moves in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the ejector disc (11) and / or towards the outside thereon when the opening cross-sectional area increases.