FR2789989A1 - Composting of solid material with improved air circulation and recovery of ammonia produced - Google Patents
Composting of solid material with improved air circulation and recovery of ammonia produced Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2789989A1 FR2789989A1 FR9902299A FR9902299A FR2789989A1 FR 2789989 A1 FR2789989 A1 FR 2789989A1 FR 9902299 A FR9902299 A FR 9902299A FR 9902299 A FR9902299 A FR 9902299A FR 2789989 A1 FR2789989 A1 FR 2789989A1
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- Prior art keywords
- composting
- fermentation gas
- air
- fermentation
- trap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
- C05F17/15—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment the material being gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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"Procédé et installation de compostage de matières "Process and installation for composting materials
organiques permettant de récupérer le gaz de fermentation". organic to recover the fermentation gas ".
La présente invention concerne un procédé et une installation de compostage par fermentation aérobie de matières organiques disposées en tas, permettant la The present invention relates to a process and an installation for composting by aerobic fermentation of organic materials arranged in heaps, allowing the
production d'un compost et d'un gaz de fermentation. production of compost and fermentation gas.
Le compostage consiste à laisser fermenter des matières organiques afin d'obtenir des résidus destinés à être Composting consists of allowing organic matter to ferment in order to obtain residues intended to be
incorporés à des sols pour les enrichir. incorporated into soils to enrich them.
La technique de compostage la plus simple consiste à disposer les matières organiques en tas, à les retourner The simplest composting technique is to arrange the organic matter in heaps, to return them
pour les oxygéner et à les humidifier si nécessaire. to oxygenate them and humidify them if necessary.
Cette technique a cependant l'inconvénient de demander beaucoup de temps et de main d'oeuvre et de produire un However, this technique has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of time and manpower and producing a
compost de qualité irrégulière.irregular quality compost.
Afin d'améliorer la qualité du compost obtenu, on a récemment proposé d'envoyer de l'air sous pression sous le tas de matières organiques en vue de favoriser le In order to improve the quality of the compost obtained, it has recently been proposed to send pressurized air under the pile of organic matter in order to promote the
développement des bactéries aérobies. development of aerobic bacteria.
Cette solution ne donne toutefois pas pleinement satisfaction car elle a tendance à dessécher les matières organiques et à augmenter fortement la pollution de l'environnement en permettant la dispersion du gaz de However, this solution is not entirely satisfactory since it tends to dry out organic matter and greatly increase environmental pollution by allowing the dispersion of
fermentation dans l'atmosphère.fermentation in the atmosphere.
La présente invention se propose plus particulièrement de remédier au problème de pollution mentionné ci-dessus et, pour ce faire, elle a pour objet un procédé de compostage par fermentation aérobie de matières organiques disposées en tas, permettant la production d'un compost et d'un gaz de fermentation, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des étapes consistant à créer une dépression sous The present invention more particularly proposes to remedy the pollution problem mentioned above and, to do this, it relates to a process of composting by aerobic fermentation of organic materials arranged in heaps, allowing the production of a compost and d 'a fermentation gas, this process being characterized in that it comprises steps consisting in creating a vacuum under
2 27899892,278,989
le tas de matières organiques de manière à aspirer le gaz de fermentation en mélange avec de l'air, et à piéger au moins une partie du gaz de fermentation pour l'empêcher de se the heap of organic matter so as to suck the fermentation gas mixed with air, and to trap at least part of the fermentation gas to prevent it from
disperser dans l'atmosphère.disperse into the atmosphere.
La pollution résultant de la mise en oeuvre des techniques de compostage actuelles peut donc maintenant être évitée, ce qui permet une meilleure protection de l'environnement. Avantageusement, l'étape de piégeage consiste à faire barboter le mélange de gaz de fermentation et d'air dans de The pollution resulting from the implementation of current composting techniques can therefore now be avoided, which allows better protection of the environment. Advantageously, the trapping step consists in bubbling the mixture of fermentation gases and air in
l'eau acidifiée.acidified water.
Comme le gaz de fermentation contient essentiellement de l'ammoniac, celui-ci peut ainsi être amené sous la forme As the fermentation gas contains mainly ammonia, this can therefore be supplied in the form
d'un sel non volatile dans les conditions d'opération. of a non-volatile salt under the operating conditions.
Par ailleurs, l'eau acidifiée est de préférence une Furthermore, the acidified water is preferably a
solution aqueuse d'acide phosphorique ou d'acide nitrique. aqueous solution of phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
En faisant barboter de l'ammoniac dans de l'eau, on obtient un phosphate ou un nitrate d'ammonium. Comme ces sels sont d'excellents agents fertilisants, il est souhaitable de les récupérer par exemple en utilisant la solution aqueuse pour humidifier les matières organiques en By bubbling ammonia into water, you get an ammonium phosphate or nitrate. As these salts are excellent fertilizers, it is desirable to recover them, for example by using the aqueous solution to moisten the organic materials in
cours de compostage.composting course.
Quant à l'installation de compostage conforme à l'invention, elle est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins une surface perforée destinée à supporter les matières organiques, et des moyens d'aspiration pour créer une dépression sous la surface perforée afin de transférer le gaz de fermentation en mélange avec de l'air dans un piège destiné à empêcher au moins une partie du gaz de As for the composting installation according to the invention, it is characterized in that it comprises at least one perforated surface intended to support organic matter, and suction means to create a vacuum under the perforated surface in order to transfer the fermentation gas mixed with air into a trap intended to prevent at least part of the gas from
fermentation de se disperser dans l'atmosphère. fermentation to disperse into the atmosphere.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, les moyens d'aspiration comprennent une turbine montée dans According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the suction means comprise a turbine mounted in
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un conduit faisant communiquer au moins un caniveau situé a conduit communicating at least one channel located
sous la surface perforée avec le piège. under the perforated surface with the trap.
Avantageusement, le piège peut être une cuve contenant de l'eau acidifiée, en particulier une solution aqueuse d'acide phosphorique ou d'acide nitrique. Un mode d'exécution de la présente invention sera décrit ci-après à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence à la figure unique annexée qui représente schématiquement une installation permettant de composter par fermentation Advantageously, the trap can be a tank containing acidified water, in particular an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid or nitric acid. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the attached single figure which schematically represents an installation for composting by fermentation
aérobie des matières organiques disposées en tas. aerobic organic matter arranged in a heap.
On notera tout d'abord que cette installation peut être utilisée pour composter des matières organiques d'origine agricole ou urbaine, par exemple du fumier, des écorces, de It should first of all be noted that this installation can be used to compost organic materials of agricultural or urban origin, for example manure, bark,
la paille, des feuilles, des ordures, etc... straw, leaves, garbage, etc ...
Elle a été conçue pour composter des matières organiques que l'on a préalablement regroupées en trois tas It was designed to compost organic materials that have previously been grouped into three heaps
allongés disposés les uns à côté des autres. lying laid out next to each other.
A titre indicatif, on précisera que ces tas peuvent avoir une longueur de plusieurs dizaines de mètres, une largeur d'environ 12 mètres et une hauteur d'environ 4 As an indication, it will be specified that these piles can have a length of several tens of meters, a width of approximately 12 meters and a height of approximately 4
mètres ou plus.meters or more.
Chacun des tas de matières organiques est formé au-dessus d'une surface perforée 1 disposée au niveau du sol, de façon à fermer l'entrée supérieure d'un caniveau 2 Each pile of organic matter is formed above a perforated surface 1 disposed at ground level, so as to close the upper entrance of a gutter 2
situé dans le sol.located in the ground.
Les surfaces perforées 1 s'étendent sur toute la longueur des tas de matières organiques et sont constituées par une succession de dalles perforées placées les unes à la suite des autres et comportant un certain nombre d'orifices suffisamment petits pour empêcher les matières organiques de The perforated surfaces 1 extend over the entire length of the heaps of organic matter and are constituted by a succession of perforated tiles placed one after the other and having a number of orifices sufficiently small to prevent organic matter from
tomber dans les caniveaux.fall into the gutters.
4 27899894,278,989
Les caniveaux 2 sont reliés par des conduits de raccordement 3 à un conduit principal 4 comportant une turbine 5 et aboutissant dans une cuve 6 contenant de l'eau acidifiée. La turbine 5 est montée de manière à créer une The gutters 2 are connected by connection conduits 3 to a main conduit 4 comprising a turbine 5 and ending in a tank 6 containing acidified water. The turbine 5 is mounted so as to create a
dépression dans les caniveaux 2.depression in gutters 2.
Lorsque les matières organiques sont disposées au-dessus des dalles perforées 1 et que l'on fait fonctionner la turbine, celle-ci aspire de l'air provenant de l'espace situé au-dessus des tas de matières organiques et l'oblige à traverser ces dernières et à venir dans les caniveaux 2 en entraînant avec lui le gaz résultant de la fermentation. De là, le mélange d'air et de gaz de fermentation est When the organic materials are placed above the perforated slabs 1 and the turbine is operated, the latter sucks air from the space located above the piles of organic materials and forces it to cross these and come into channels 2 carrying with it the gas resulting from fermentation. From there, the mixture of air and fermentation gas is
dirigé dans les conduits 3 et 4 puis dans la cuve 6. directed into conduits 3 and 4 then into tank 6.
Comme le gaz de fermentation est principalement constitué d'ammoniac, la cuve 6 contient une solution aqueuse d'acide phosphorique ou d'acide nitrique de façon à amener l'ammoniac sous la forme d'un phosphate ou d'un nitrate d'ammonium non volatile dans les conditions d'opération. Le phosphate et le nitrate d'ammonium sont des agents fertilisants bien connus que l'on peut récupérer soit en solution, par exemple pour humidifier les matières organiques en cours de compostage, soit à l'état sec pour As the fermentation gas mainly consists of ammonia, tank 6 contains an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid or nitric acid so as to bring the ammonia in the form of a phosphate or an ammonium nitrate non-volatile under operating conditions. Phosphate and ammonium nitrate are well-known fertilizers that can be recovered either in solution, for example to humidify organic matter during composting, or in the dry state to
réaliser des engrais.make fertilizers.
On conçoit aisément que l'installation conforme à l'invention évite la pollution de l'environnement en empêchant le gaz de fermentation de se disperser dans It is easy to see that the installation according to the invention avoids pollution of the environment by preventing the fermentation gas from dispersing in
l'atmosphère.the atmosphere.
Dans le mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, elle permet de composter des matières organiques réparties In the embodiment which has just been described, it makes it possible to compost distributed organic matter
27899892789989
en trois tas. Il va de soi que l'on ne sortirait pas du cadre de la présente invention si elle comportait un nombre de caniveaux différents de trois, et permettait par conséquent de composter des matières organiques réparties en in three heaps. It goes without saying that it would not be departing from the scope of the present invention if it included a number of gutters other than three, and consequently made it possible to compost organic materials distributed in
un nombre de tas différents de trois. a number of heaps different from three.
6 27899896 2789989
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9902299A FR2789989B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | METHOD AND PLANT FOR COMPOSTING ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR RECOVERING FERMENTATION GAS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9902299A FR2789989B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | METHOD AND PLANT FOR COMPOSTING ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR RECOVERING FERMENTATION GAS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2789989A1 true FR2789989A1 (en) | 2000-08-25 |
FR2789989B1 FR2789989B1 (en) | 2001-05-18 |
Family
ID=9542477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR9902299A Expired - Fee Related FR2789989B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | METHOD AND PLANT FOR COMPOSTING ORGANIC MATERIALS FOR RECOVERING FERMENTATION GAS |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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FR (1) | FR2789989B1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2888232A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-12 | Vinci Environnement Soc Par Ac | Installation for composting of organic material, comprising a series of tunnels parallel to the direction of loading, windrow composting device having a ventilation gutter, and ventilation pipe with a valve connected to the gutter |
CN101948341A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-01-19 | 昆明理工大学 | Reactor composting device for aerobic fermentation |
WO2018115590A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Pasrea Oy | A livestock shed comprising a composting system and a method for recovering heat and/or one or more chemical(s) from a compost in a livestock shed |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4994245A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-02-19 | Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission | Methods for removing odors from process airstreams |
US5145581A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-09-08 | County Sanitation Districts Of Los Angeles County | Composting system utilizing air recirculation |
US5175106A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1992-12-29 | Laurenson Jr John G | Method and apparatus for improving efficiency of fluid use and odor control in in-vessel composting systems |
EP0798282A2 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-01 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Garbage disposal apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-02-24 FR FR9902299A patent/FR2789989B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5175106A (en) * | 1984-08-22 | 1992-12-29 | Laurenson Jr John G | Method and apparatus for improving efficiency of fluid use and odor control in in-vessel composting systems |
US4994245A (en) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-02-19 | Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission | Methods for removing odors from process airstreams |
US5145581A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-09-08 | County Sanitation Districts Of Los Angeles County | Composting system utilizing air recirculation |
EP0798282A2 (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-10-01 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Garbage disposal apparatus |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2888232A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-12 | Vinci Environnement Soc Par Ac | Installation for composting of organic material, comprising a series of tunnels parallel to the direction of loading, windrow composting device having a ventilation gutter, and ventilation pipe with a valve connected to the gutter |
CN101948341A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-01-19 | 昆明理工大学 | Reactor composting device for aerobic fermentation |
CN101948341B (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-06-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Reactor composting device for aerobic fermentation |
WO2018115590A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Pasrea Oy | A livestock shed comprising a composting system and a method for recovering heat and/or one or more chemical(s) from a compost in a livestock shed |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2789989B1 (en) | 2001-05-18 |
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