FR2776758A1 - Ventilation system for dwellings using one primary air source - Google Patents

Abstract

The dwelling ventilation system comprises a horizontal ventilation duct (10) opening to the building exterior. A primary high speed air source (14) allows natural ventilation and is connected by ducts to a blower nozzle (20) oriented in the flow direction within the duct. The primary air source can be a ventilator fan.

Description

The present invention relates to ventilation installations and is

  relates more particularly to a

  ventilation system for living quarters, offices

or other.

  A dwelling has different types of rooms with specific functions such as toilets, rooms

  bathroom, kitchen, living rooms or other.

  Known air extraction systems include

  tent a collecting duct open to the open air and in

  which open air extraction pipes as-

  associated with the rooms of the accommodation intended for said specific function. So there are as many collecting ducts as there are specific ventilated functions, which makes the installation

  expensive when you want to equip a new and difficult housing

  eyelash even impossible when it comes to arranging a lodge-

existing.

  French patent no. 92 03 285 has been described

  on March 19, 1992 by the Applicant, an extraction installation

  tion of air from at least part of a building composed of parts

  these separate in which an air extraction pipe

is planned.

  In this installation, each extraction pipe

  tion of air opens into a common box for transferring extracted air to a single air extraction duct for

  one or more parts of the building.

  In addition, the installation described in the pre-

  city includes an extraction activation air circuit supplying at least one activation nozzle arranged in the

  flow of extracted air intended to inject active air

  vation at high speed in the direction of flow.

  Furthermore, ventilation installations are known.

  lation in which the ventilation is of the ventila-

  natural tion with an air intake by grid on the front at a point in a room such as the kitchen, and air intakes provided with hoods in the openings of the living room and bedrooms.

  The extraction of stale air is ensured by a

  individual duit in the kitchen, with a grid placed

  to the toilet ceiling and connected to the front by a connector

  horizontal duit or sofite placed on the ceiling of the bathroom. It was found that the ventilation thus arranged works poorly. Indeed, the bathrooms are very poorly ventilated,

  resulting in high humidity of the walls, and of me-

  sissure for those which are normally used.

  Living rooms such as the living room and bedrooms are not ventilated because the air inlets

  are too small and the doors are not bent.

  The toilets are poorly ventilated, because most of the time the high ventilation pushes back with the inconveniences

that this entails.

  The kitchen is too ventilated and therefore uncomfortable.

  table when fitted with an air inlet on the front.

  The invention aims to create a ventilation installation

  lation of premises which while being of a cost of setting

  reasonable space, allow for efficient evacuation

  traps air both through vertical exhaust ducts

  only through horizontal exhaust pipes.

  It therefore relates to a ventilation installation

  tion of premises comprising rooms ventilated by communi-

  cation with at least one horizontal ventilation duct opening into the front of the building in which said premises are located, characterized in that it comprises a primary air source with high speed of activation of natural ventilation, said source being connected by activation air supply pipes to at least one

  air blowing nozzle in the direction of circulation

  installed in each ventilation duct.

  According to particular characteristics of the

note:

  - the primary air source is a fan

  dried in the basement or on the roof of the accommodation, - the primary air supply pipes to the ventilation duct are of small section and can be

  received in an existing ventilation duct extending parallel

  in conjunction with the ventilation duct, - in the horizontal ventilation duct, the air blowing nozzle is arranged in the axis of an exhaust duct arranged along the axis of the duct and communicating with an orifice evacuation provided on the facade of the building, said conduit extending over part of the length of the horizontal sheath and comprising a venturi coaxial with the nozzle

supply air.

  The invention will be better understood using the

  description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which: - FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a housing

  equipped with a ventilation system according to the invention

  tion; - Fig.2 is a schematic view of the horizontal ventilation duct of the housing of Figure 1 equipped

  means for blowing the primary activation air following

  before the invention; - Fig.3 is a sectional view of a beam of

  vertical ducts equipped with primary air blowing nozzles

  mayor according to the invention; - Fig.4 is a perspective view of a housing equipped with a ventilation installation according to another embodiment of the invention; - Fig.4A is a perspective view of a detail of the installation of Figure 4; - Fig.4B is a schematic sectional view of an air intake passage to the right duct of the installation of Figure 4; - Fig.4c is a schematic sectional view of an air discharge venturi of the installation of Figure 4; and

  - Fig.5 is a schematic view of an installation

  heat exchanger ventilation

applied the invention.

  The accommodation shown in Figure 1 includes a kitchen 1, a living room, a bedroom 2, a bathroom

bathroom 3 and toilet 4.

  Fresh air enters the accommodation

  by self-regulating or humidity-sensitive air inlets 5 pre-

  views in the windows of the living room and the bedroom

dear 2.

  Kitchen 1 is equipped with a gas boiler 6

  whose exhaust duct 7 is connected to an evacuation sheath

vertical cuation 8.

  The ventilation of bathroom 3 and toilet-

  tes 4 is ensured by a horizontal or sofite evacuation sheath 10 having an inlet 11 located nearby

  from the ceiling of the toilet 4 and a side drain outlet

  lane 12 by which the sheath 10 communicates with the

baths 3.

  The doors to the various rooms of the accommodation are

  close behind to allow air circulation.

  According to the invention, the ventilation installation is provided with a source 14 for blowing primary air at high speed in the direction of evacuation which comprises a

  fan arranged in the basement and connected by ducts

  low section 16,18 to vertical exhaust ducts

wedge 8 and horizontal 10.

  The connecting pipe 16 between the fan 14 and the vertical exhaust duct is connected to a blowing nozzle 20 disposed at the upper end of the

vertical sheath 8.

  Line 16 can for example be passed through an existing ventilation duct of the building and even into the

  vertical exhaust duct proper.

  The duct 18 for connecting the fan 14 with

  the horizontal evacuation duct 10 terminates as shown

  tee in FIG. 2 in an extraction device comprising a nozzle 22 for blowing high speed air arranged along the axis of a duct 24 extending over part of the length of the horizontal sheath 10 and connected way

  tight to the front wall 26. A grid 28 is advantageously

  carefully placed in the end of the conduit 24 communicating

as for the exterior.

  In the conduit 24 is disposed a coaxial venturi 30

  to the nozzle 22 and placed at an appropriate distance therefrom.

  The bottom of the extraction sheath 10 is provided with a

sound insulating coating.

  The end 11 of the horizontal sheath 10 communicates

  as for the toilet is fitted with a non-return valve 34, while the lateral mouth 12 for communication with

  the bathroom is also fitted with a non-return valve

back 35.

  The operation of the installation described in reference

  Reference to Figures 1 and 2 is as follows.

  The air supplied by the fan 14 is blown at a speed of 20 to 150 m / s from the nozzle 20 of the

  vertical sheath and the nozzle 22 of the horizontal sheath.

  The duct being narrow of 20 x 20 cm for example,

  the air jet tends to stick quickly to the

  kings of the duct and therefore very well sweep the entire surface

of it.

  It creates a depression upstream of the jet

  of air which increases the extracted air flow accordingly.

  Tests have shown that the intake air flow is

  on the order of 6 to 50 times that of blown air

flé, in addition to thermal draft.

  The supply air requires a medium pressure network (300 to 1000 mm CE as a domestic vacuum blower),

  low section, (low flow and high speed).

  This network is made for example of metal, PVC,

  polyethylene, or garden hose.

  A single fan such as fan 14 can

  supply a large number of conduits.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 1, it is

  arranged in the basement of the accommodation. It can also be placed

roofing.

  Given the small sections necessary for

  pass the primary air duct network, it is fa-

  cile to go from the basement to the terrace of a building in

  borrowing a shunt conduit without obstructing the flow thereof.

  The balancing of the flows is done by adjusting the

its blowing.

  So natural ventilation is not at all

  hampered by the presence of these small section pipes.

  When there is blowing, natural ventilation is

  found activated. However, the nozzle 20 of the extraction sheath

  vertical position 8 can be designed so that at low

  bit of blown air, this air is blown laterally, slowed down

  thus weaving the flow of natural ventilation.

  Such an arrangement is described in particular in French patent No. 88 00 773 filed on January 25, 1988 by the Applicant. In fact, in natural shunt ventilation, which is widely encountered in older homes, the flow of extracted air is all the more important as

is colder outside.

  This results in too high a flow in cold weather, especially since the fresh air is very little loaded with water vapor. It is therefore desirable to be able to slow the flow

  natural ventilation in extreme cold and power

winter during other seasons.

  By programming the installation, ventilation can be activated for a few hours a day, depending on

needs and seasons.

  The installation according to the invention does not pose any acoustic problem due to the low flow rate of blown air, the fact that this air is blown outwards, and the fact that the pipes being made of flexible material,

  they do not transmit noise from the fan 14.

  The air extraction installation described in reference

  Reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is applied to a housing which can be either an individual housing or a part

  of a group of dwellings in a building.

  If the accommodation is part of a housing group

  of a building, each dwelling has an extrac-

  horizontal tion such as that described with reference to the

figure 2.

  On the other hand, when they are individual, the vertical extraction ducts 8 are then grouped in

  beam on the roof of the building and primary air pro-

  coming from the fan 14 is brought by the pipe 16 to an annular distributor 36 surrounding the sheaths 8, to which the nozzles 20 provided in each sheath 8 are connected by

flexible conduits 37.

  The operation of the natural ventilation installation activated according to the invention is very flexible and allows all the possible regulations at the central level as a function of the outside temperature, the wind speed, the sunshine and all the environmental programming.

  sageable according to the season, the day or the hour.

  At the individual level, it allows a variation of the

  flow rate per occupant action on the exhaust vents.

  The air blown by the fan 14 can be vented.

  fatally caught in a duct of little polluted extract air from

  so all the air used is extracted air.

  If the ventilator is stopped, the ventila-

  tion becomes natural again, which allows the functioning

  gas boilers by thermal draft.

  With regard to the horizontal extraction duct, the venturi 30 creates a motive force greater than that

of natural circulation.

  The effect of thermal draft practically does not exist

  not in this assembly and moreover, it is necessary to overcome the surpres-

  due to bad weather on the facade.

  It is the presence of the venturi which allows to reach the

desired result.

  In Fig.4, there is shown a housing whose general plan is similar to that of the housing shown in Figure 1, but whose ventilation installation differs

by a number of points.

  Indeed, this installation includes, like that of the

  housing of Figure 1, a horizontal ventilation duct

  tale 10 comprising a mouth 11 located near the ceiling of the toilet 4 and a lateral mouth 12 by

  which the sheath 10 communicates with the bathroom 3.

  However, this installation is devoid of

vertical exhaust duct.

  In addition, the air intakes in the rooms of the

  housing are provided by 40-inch bushings

  sufflation which extend horizontally across the pa-

  corresponding external kings and which are provided with

  its activation air blowing from the

primary air source 14.

  The kitchen 1 is provided with an exhaust duct 42, also supplied with primary air from the source 14. It is also equipped with a hood 44, the evacuation duct 45 of which receives primary activation air from source 14. As seen in more detail in FIG. 4A,

  the horizontal exhaust duct 45 of the hood 44 includes

  carries an activation air blowing nozzle 46 connected to the primary air source 14 and cooperating with a venturi 47

  disposed near the outlet end of the conduit 45.

  The air intake duct 40 can for example be

  performed as shown in Figure 4B.

  It includes a conduit 46 crossing the wall P

  separating the living room from the outside.

  Grids 49.50 are provided at the two ends of the conduit 48. At gate 49 facing outward are

  associated with non-return valves 51 formed of blades made of ma-

flexible.

  In the transverse duct 48 opens a nozzle 52 for primary air blowing connected in the manner shown

  in FIG. 4A at the primary air source 14.

  The evacuation sheath 42 is for example made

as shown in Figure 4C.

  It comprises a duct 54 which passes through the wall P of the housing and which is provided at its two ends with grids 56, 58. The grid facing inwards has

non-return valves 60.

  In the conduit 54 is disposed a nozzle 62 of blowing

  primary air flow connected as shown in

  Figure 1 with the primary air source 14.

  The nozzle 62 is associated with a venturi 64 arranged in

  the conduit 54 coaxially with the nozzle 62.

  The operation of the various ad-

  mission and exhaust air with natural ventilation active

  is similar to that of the corresponding devices de-

  referenced in Figures 1 and 2.

  Of course, it is also possible to plan

  a venturi air intake duct and an exhaust duct

tion with straight duct.

  FIG. 5 shows a ventilation installation with a heat exchanger, for example arranged in

  the attic of premises to be ventilated, not shown.

  It essentially comprises a heat exchanger 65 connected to air extraction ducts 66 to 69 connected respectively to the toilets, to the bathroom, and to the kitchen and air insufflation ducts 70,71,72 connected

  respectively to the living room and bedrooms of the lodge-

is lying.

  All these conduits cross the ceiling 74 of the housing

  to reach the corresponding parts.

  The heat exchanger 65 is connected by an air supply duct 76 and by an air exhaust duct 78 to a box 80 containing filtering means and provided with a fresh air inlet 82 and d '' a used air outlet 84, in which are installed respective nozzles 86,88 for blowing primary air connected by pipes, 92 to a source of primary air 94 analogous to the source of primary air 14 of the installations described with reference

in Figures 1 and 4.

  The heat exchanger ventilation system works normally since fresh air is blown into the bedrooms and the living room through

  conduits 70 to 72, is heated in the heat exchanger

  than 65 by the hot spent air extracted through ducts 66 to 69

  connected to the kitchen, toilet and bathroom.

  According to the invention, the circulation of entry and

  air outlet is activated by air nozzles 86, 88

  primary air flow from the primary air source

  94, the nozzles 86,88 being associated or not with venturis.

  We therefore see that, thanks to the arrangement which has just been described, an activation of the circulation is obtained

  natural air both at intake and extraction

  tion in the most diverse ventilation systems

his.

  In the various embodiments which come

  described, the invention is considered to be suitable for

  applied to living quarters. We understand however

  that it is applicable to all types of premises and in particular

  link to office premises or the like, and in industry

sort.

Claims (12)

  1. Installation for ventilating premises comprising rooms ventilated by communication at least with a horizontal ventilation duct (10; 10,40,42; 86) opening onto the facade of the building in which said premises are located, characterized in that '' it has an air source   primary (14; 94) with high fan activation speed   natural relationship, said source being connected by canali-   stations (16,18; 90,92) for supplying the activation air to at least one air blowing nozzle (20,22; 46,52,62; 86,88) in the direction of the circulation arranged in the ventilation duct.   2. Ventilation installation according to the claim   tion 1, characterized in that the primary air source is a fan (14; 94) arranged in the basement or on the roof of the housing.   3. Ventilation installation according to one of the   vendications 1 and 2, characterized in that the canalisa-   tions (16,18; 90,92) for the supply of primary air to the ventilation duct are of small section and can be received in an existing ventilation duct extending in parallel to the ventilation duct.   4. Installation of ventilation according to one of the re-   vendications 1 to 3, characterized in that the blowing nozzle   the air flow (22) is arranged in the horizontal ventilation duct (10), in the axis of an exhaust duct (24) disposed along the axis of the duct (10) and communicating with an orifice d evacuation formed in front of the building, said evacuation duct (24) extending over part of the   length of the horizontal sheath (10) and comprising a vent   turi (30) coaxial with the air blowing nozzle (22).   5. Ventilation installation according to the claim   tion 4, characterized in that the horizontal ventilation duct   zontale is in communication by its inner end   (11) with a part (4) of the housing and by at least one plug   lateral che (12), with another part (3) of the housing.   6. Ventilation installation according to the claim   tion 5, characterized in that the end (11) of the horizontal ventilation duct in communication with a part (4) and the mouth (12) in communication with the other part   (3) are fitted with non-return valves (34,35).   7. Ventilation installation according to one of the re-   vendications 1 to 5, characterized in that the fan (14) for blowing primary air is common to a group of dwellings in a building, also comprising rooms   ventilated by communication with a green evacuation duct   vertical, the vertical evacuation ducts (8) of said housing   elements being grouped in a bundle and the pipe (16) for supplying primary air to the nozzles (20) of said vertical ducts (8) being connected to an annular distributor (36) surrounding the ducts and to which the nozzles (20) are related by flexible conduits (37).   8. Installation of ventilation according to one of the re-   vendications 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least one air inlet (40; 82) which is provided with a nozzle (52; 86) for blowing activation air from the primary air source (14; 94).   9. Ventilation installation according to one of the   vendications 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises at least one air outlet (42,45; 84) which is provided with a nozzle (46; 62; 88) for blowing activation air coming from of the primary air source (14; 94).   10. Ventilation installation according to the claim   cation 8, characterized in that the air inlet has a   venturi associated with the activation air blowing nozzle.   11. Ventilation installation according to the claim   cation 9, characterized in that the air outlet comprises a venturi (47; 64) associated with the air blowing nozzle (46; 62) activation.   12. Installation of ventilation according to one of the   Claims 8 and 9, characterized in that the air inlet   and / or the air outlet includes at least one check valve return (51.60).