FR2500593A1 - Ventilation circuit for building - has continuous surrounding air cavity and loft-mounted air feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The building has a surrounding air cavity (6) formed between an internal insulated panel (5) and the outer walls (3). An air circuit in the loft provides incoming fresh air (7) to a distributor (9) consisting of ducts (11) discharging into the cavity and passing into the room through outlets (10). Vitiated air is extracted by the fan (8) and discharged to atmosphere. A heat exchanger (16) is used to heat the incoming fresh air from the heat in the vitiated air. Make-up air can also be introduced through ceiling grilles (15). A ground-heat extraction system (18) is also incorporated and interconnected with the fresh air system.

Description

Economic air conditioning installation of an enclosure or a room.

 The invention relates to an air conditioning installation of an enclosure or a room, economical by using free active energy.

 The invention relates more particularly to enclosures or premises, such as individual houses or apartments bounded by one or more composite walls formed by an exterior wall, an interior partition and a continuous air space between the wall. and the partition, mechanical ventilation means being provided for taking in renewal air outside and for blowing this air into the enclosure or the room in replacement of the stale air which is evacuated towards the outside.

 The object of the invention is, above all, to provide an air-conditioning installation which better meets the various requirements of the practice than hitherto and which, in particular, allows the walls to be sanitized, and energy savings.

 According to the invention, an air conditioning installation of an enclosure or a room limited by one or more composite walls formed by an exterior wall, an interior partition, and a continuous air space between the wall and partition, mechanical ventilation means being provided for taking in fresh air outside and for blowing this air into the enclosure or the room in replacement of the stale air discharged to the outside, is characterized by the fact that it comprises means for blowing at least part of the air, taken outside, into the continuous air space between the wall and the partition, and passage means provided in the partition , especially at the head of the partition, to allow the introduction of renewal air into the enclosure or the room.

 Preferably, air is blown into the lower part of the continuous air space.

 Generally, the installation comprises, in a manner known per se, an air / air heat exchanger which makes it possible, in cold periods, to heat the renewal air taken outside by the stale air extracted from the 'enclosure or room before discharge to the outside.

 Preferably, the volume of air blown into the continuous air space is substantially of the order of 10 X to 25% of the total volume of air blown into the enclosure.

Advantageously, the assembly is arranged in such a way that the renewal of the air space is of the order of 10 to 15 volumes per hour.
According to another arrangement, which can be used independently or in combination with the arrangements mentioned above, an air conditioning installation according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises an air / soil heat exchanger, embedded in the soil to a depth sufficient to allow, in cold periods, to heat the renewal air by the heat stored in the ground.

 Advantageously, the air / ground heat exchanger is located at a depth of approximately 3 meters in the ground.

 The air / soil heat exchanger can be used during hot periods (summer) to cool the fresh air taken from the ground by the soil.

 The invention consists, apart from the provisions set out above, in certain other provisions which will be more explicitly discussed below in connection with particular embodiments described with reference to the attached drawings, but which are in no way limiting.

 Figure 1 of these drawings is a schematic sectional view of an individual dwelling house equipped with an installation according to the invention.

 FIG. 2 is a horizontal section on a larger scale of the composite wall, according to II-II, FIG. 1.

 FIG. 3 is a detail, on a larger scale, of FIG. 1.

 Figure 4 is a partial vertical section of the ground floor on the basement of a building without floors, illustrating the means for blowing air.

 Figure 5, finally, is a diagram representing the variations of the outside temperature and the temperature of the ground during a year.

Referring to the drawings, especially in Figure 1, we can see an air conditioning system
A for a room 1 made up of the interior volume of an individual dwelling house 2. This room 1 is limited by composite walls 3 formed from an exterior wall 4, in particular in masonry, of an interior partition 5, in particular , in thermally insulating material, and a continuous air gap 6 between the wall and the partition.

 Mechanical ventilation means are provided and include, for example, an insufflation module V capable of taking in fresh air outside 7 and blowing this air into room 1 to replace the air vitiated which is evacuated towards the outside by an extraction module 8. The insufflation and extraction modules can comprise, in a known manner, a motor-turbine for setting in motion the air.

 The installation A comprises means 9 for blowing at least part of the air, taken outside, into the air space 6, and He passage means 10 provided in the partition 5, in particular at the head of the partition , to allow the introduction of renewal air into room 1.

 The means 9 for blowing air into the blade 6 include insufflation sheaths and nozzles 11 suitable for introducing renewal air into the blade 6. The sheaths 11 are distributed along the length of the blade and end at different heights h above the ground.

Preferably h is less than fifty centimeters.

The cross section of the sheath 11 may have an elliptical shape, this sheath being pierced with a sufficient number of holes 12, at different heights to distribute the flow blown into the blade 6 harmoniously.

The cross section of a sheath 11 can also be of circular shape opening directly at a height a. The air is blown in the lower part, preferably on the facade in the corners of the room as well as in the axis of the bay sills.

 The passage means 10 can be formed by simple openings 13, provided with grids. These openings 13 are preferably arranged, in the upper part, between the top of the openings and the ceiling, in the axis of the openings so as to ensure a satisfactory distribution of the fresh air in the housing.

 The ventilation means comprise a switch 14 for directing part of the renewal air towards the means 9, while the other part of this renewal air is blown directly into the room 1 by pipes 15 through openings in particular provided in or under the ceiling.

 An air / air heat exchanger 16 is provided to allow, in cold periods, to heat the renewal air, taken outside, by the stale air exired from the room and rejected outside. The exhaust air extraction circuit is generally designated by the reference 17. The exchanger 16 is arranged, for example, in the attic or the attic.

 In the case of a two-story house, and on the basement (see fig. 4) the exchanger 16 is arranged in the basement. The arrows in the drawing correspond to the direction of circulation of the fluids.

 Preferably, the volume of air blown into the blade 6, pan means 9, is of the order of 10 S to 25% of the total volume of air blown into the room; the complement, i.e. 90 S at 75% of the total volume of renewal air, is introduced directly into this room.

 The thickness e of the air gap is of the order of a few centimeters, advantageously of the order of 3 or 4 centimeters.

 Preferably, the assembly is arranged in such a way that the renewal of the air space is of the order of 10 to 15 volumes / hour.

 If, for example, ventilation is provided to ensure a complete renewal, per hour, of the total volume of room 1, x being the fraction of air blown into the blade 6 and Q being the volume of room 1, we will obtain a renewal 15 volumes / hour of the air space 6 if the total volume of this air space is x.0 / 15.

 During the heating period, in particular in winter, by outside temperature of -50C for example, the renewal air, at the outlet 16a of the exchanger 16 can reach a temperature of the order of 12.50C if the temperature of the stale air, extracted by circuit 17, is of the order of 200C in room 1.

 The equilibrium temperature of the air blown into the blade 6 can reach a temperature of the order of 20C.

 The fact of blowing renewal air (in particular heated) into the air space 6 conti-ibue to the sanitation of the walls limiting the room 1. In addition, the air flow in the space 6 contributes to increasing the thermal resistance of the composite wall formed by the wall 4, the blade 6 and the partition 5, which results in energy savings.

 It should be noted that the invention can be applied to premises, in particular to individual houses or apartments bounded by simple walls. It then suffices to bring inside the room a partition 5 to determine between the wall and said partition the air gap 6, and to carry out the blowing of renewal air into this wall.

 Due to the existence of mechanical ventilation, double flow, any other fresh air intake is advantageously removed and the openings such as doors and windows provided in the walls of the house, can be provided with gaskets since air renewal is ensured by ventilation.

 According to another arrangement of the invention, which can be used independently or in combination with the preceding arrangements, the air conditioning installation A comprises an air / soil heat exchanger 18, embedded in the soil at an average depth> suf f i- health to allow, in cold period, to heat the air of renewal by the heat stored in the ground S.

 Preferably, the depth (compared to the final leveling) is around 3 meters. The heat exchanger 18 can be constituted simply by air ducts in the form of a serpentine, in a horizontal or slightly oblique plane, buried in the ground at an average depth of 3 meters and having a sufficient length for the heat exchange is performed with good yield. The exchanger 18 is connected, by a heat-insulated pipe 19, to an inlet of a valve 24.

This valve 24 makes it possible, in a first position, to isolate the suction inlet 7 from the inlet 16b and to connect the outlet of the exchanger 18 to this inlet 16b and, in another position, to connect the suction 7 at the inlet 16b by isolating this inlet from the outlet of the exchanger 18. A fan 25 is provided upstream of the exchanger 18 to push the air into this exchanger.

The air inlet 20 of the fan 25 can be located on the surface of the ground or in a trench open to the open air.

 The exchanger 18 allows an indirect collection of solar energy by extraction of the heat accumulated in the ground, which has a very high inertia. This capture does not cause a break in the thermal equilibrium in the soil. The diagram of FIG. 3 illustrates, by the curve "outside T", the variations of the temperature.

rature outside the three-hour average, in the Paris region, throughout the year, the temperatures are plotted on the ordinate while the months of the year are plotted on the x-axis. The "T sol" curve represents the variations in the average soil temperature, three meters deep, in this same Paris region.

 The first month of the year, plotted on the abscissa, corresponds to October, designated by its first letter 0. In fact, the heating season in the Paris region generally begins in mid-October. The following months are also designated by their first letter.

 The diagram illustrates the attenuation of the variations of the temperature in the ground compared to the variations of the outside temperature (air temperature) as well as the phase shift of the two curves of variations.

 We see that the average ground temperature (3 meters deep) is higher than the average outside temperature appreciably from mid-October to mid-March. During this period, the air / soil exchanger 18 can be put into service by action if a valve 21 allowing the insufflation module V to draw outside air through the exchanger 18.

 The heating of the renewal air, through the air / soil exchanger 18 makes it possible to have, at the inlet 16b of the air / air exchanger, a fluid at a temperature higher than that of the outside, this which can lead to an increase in the efficiency of the exchanger 16.

 The maximum difference between T soil and T exterior is located in December and is around 7 "C (for the Paris region). Note that the temperature T soil is around 120C from mid-October in mid-December, and that it practically does not drop below 90C until the end of March.

 In the previous example, taken with the combination of exchangers 16 and 18, the outside temperature of -5 C remaining the same, the temperature at the outlet of the exchanger 16 would be Ta = 1607C instead of 1205C and the equilibrium temperature in the air space would then go to Tx = 120C instead of 2 "C which further promotes sanitation of the wall.

 In principle, the air / soil exchanger 18 would not be used during the months of April and September for a region presenting curves analogous to those of FIG. 3. There may, however, be region microclimates for which the putting the air / soil exchanger 18 into service could prove useful.

 In hot period (summer) when the outside temperature is higher than the ground temperature (3 meters deep) the air / ground exchanger 18 is used to cool the renewal air taken outside.

 In this case, a bypass circuit 22 is provided, allowing the air / air exchanger to be short-circuited or bypassed. This circuit 22 includes a bypass pipe directly connecting the inlet 16b to the outlet 16a of the exchanger 16 and a valve 23 for controlling the opening or closing of the circuit 22 and, simultaneously, the closing or opening of the inlet 16b.

 Refrigerated air conditioning using the air / soil exchanger can be used for the most part from May in the strongly sunny south regions or with micro-climate which can impose it, and from June for the others regions.

The maximum difference between the soil temperature and the outside temperature is around -9 "4C from mid-June to mid-July. The average difference is around -70C during the months of May and August.

 Such refrigerated air conditioning is particularly advantageous for a dwelling exposed to the noises of the outside space and forced to a facade insulation imposing in particular the keeping of the closed windows. The refrigeration air conditioning produced by the air / soil exchanger 18 makes it possible to maintain the temperature of room 1 at a lower value, of the order of 20C to 30C, than the average outside temperatures.

 In addition, a reduction in thermal shock is obtained concerning the walls, which promotes the conservation of the structure.

 Furthermore, the air flow in the air gap .6 reinforces the role of acoustic screen of this blade and the double flow technique makes it possible to eliminate all of the fresh air inlets that are otherwise installed in the facades. exposed to noise.

 In general, the fact of blowing air into the blade 6 makes it possible to compensate for the peripheral vertical and horizontal thermal bridges, and to increase the thermal resistance of the entire composite wall.

Claims (9)

 1. Installation of economic air conditioning, by using free active energy, of an enclosure or a room, in particular of an individual house or an apartment, limited by one or more composite walls formed by an exterior wall , an interior partition and a continuous air space between the wall and the partition, mechanical ventilation means being provided to take in external renewal air and to breathe this air into the enclosure or the room in replacement of the stale air which is evacuated to the outside, characterized in that it comprises means (9) for blowing at least part of the air, taken outside, into the blade d continuous air (6) between the wall (4) and the partition (5), and passage means (10) provided in the partition, in particular at the head of the partition, to allow the introduction of the renewal air in the enclosure or the room (1).  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the air is blown into the lower part of the continuous air space (6), in particular at a height (h) above the ground of less than fifty cen timeters .  3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises in a manner known per se, a heat exchanger (16) capable of heating the air taken outside by the stale air extracted from the enclosure or the room and rejected outside.  4. Installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it and arranged so that the volume of air blown into the air space (6) is substantially of the order of 10 X at 25% of the total volume of air blown into the enclosure (1).  5. Installation according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged so that the renewal of the air gap (6) is of the order of 10 to 15 volumes per hour.  6. Installation for air conditioning an enclosure or a room, in particular according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an air / soil heat exchanger (18) embedded in the soil, to a depth sufficient to allow, in cold periods, to heat the air for renewal of the enclosure by the heat stored in the ground.  7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the air / soil heat exchanger (18) is located at an average depth of three meters in the ground.  8. Air conditioning installation according to claim 6 or 7 and claim 3, characterized in that the outlet of the air / ground heat exchanger (18) is connected to the inlet of the air exchanger /air.  9. Installation according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a bypass circuit (22) suitable for short-circuiting the air / air exchanger (16) especially when the air / soil heat exchanger (18) is used for cooling the renewal air during hot periods (summer).