FR2759105A1 - Timber frame for building, e.g. detached house - Google Patents
Timber frame for building, e.g. detached house Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2759105A1 FR2759105A1 FR9701231A FR9701231A FR2759105A1 FR 2759105 A1 FR2759105 A1 FR 2759105A1 FR 9701231 A FR9701231 A FR 9701231A FR 9701231 A FR9701231 A FR 9701231A FR 2759105 A1 FR2759105 A1 FR 2759105A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- ties
- floor
- rafters
- upturned
- framework according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
- E04B7/022—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PROCEDE D'ASSEMBLAGE D'ENTRAITS MULTI-FONCTION A BASE
DE BOIS SUR UNE STRUCTURE DE BOIS EXISTANTE
Le caractère inventif du procédé constructif que nous nous proposons de décrire intéresse le domaine de la construction en bois.BASIC MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY
OF WOOD ON AN EXISTING WOOD STRUCTURE
The inventive nature of the construction process that we propose to describe interests the field of wooden construction.
II vise, pour un projet de bâtiment donné (maison individuelle ou autres exemples), à limiter le nombre des éléments participant à sa construction et à en faciliter l'assemblage. L'économie de temps que ce procédé technique engendre s'inscrit dans une recherche destinée à réduire de façon sensible le coût de la construction il devrait intéresser un large public. It aims, for a given building project (individual house or other examples), to limit the number of elements involved in its construction and to facilitate assembly. The time savings that this technical process generates is part of a research intended to significantly reduce the cost of construction. It should interest a large audience.
L'utilisation par le bâtiment considéré de pièces de charpente identiques, leur liberté d'assemblage, participent à la rationalisation de projet et lui permettent de répondre à la diversité des demandes. D'où son caractère évolutif.The use by the building considered of identical structural parts, their freedom of assembly, participate in the rationalization of the project and allow it to meet the diversity of demands. Hence its evolving nature.
Le relief et le climat, données essentielles, ont également été prises en compte, comme nous le verrons par la suite, dans la définition du projet.The relief and the climate, essential data, were also taken into account, as we will see later, in the definition of the project.
L'invention réside dans la mise en oeuvre de pièces de charpente pré-usinées ou façonnées au sein d'un ouvrage de charpente et ce afin d'en optimiser l'utilisation à moindre frais.The invention resides in the implementation of structural parts pre-machined or shaped within a structural work and this in order to optimize the use at low cost.
Le caractère inventif du procédé constructif dont il s'agit est lié à la réalisation de cadres indéformables et porteurs constitués par des fermes en bois massif ou à base de bois.The inventive nature of the construction process in question is linked to the production of non-deformable and load-bearing frames made up of solid wood or wood-based trusses.
Ces fermes sont réalisées selon deux variantes Variante 1 fermes composées de deux arbalétriers i moisant un entrait 2 (cf.These farms are made according to two variants Variant 1 farms composed of two rafters i molding an entry 2 (cf.
figure 1). figure 1).
Variante 2 fermes composées d'un arbalétrier simple 1 moisé par deux entraits
2 (cf. figure 2). Variant 2 farms composed of a simple crossbowman 1 molded by two ties
2 (see Figure 2).
II est important de préciser que les caractéristiques dimensionnelles des pièces de charpente ayant même fonction structurelle sont les mêmes quelle que soit la variante retenue , cette remarque justifie l'utilisation d'un même symbole pour mentionner les arbalétriers d'une part (symbole i) et les entraits d'autre part (symbole 2), et ce qu'ils soient simples ou doubles. Ces fermes assemblées selon la figure i ou 2 prennent appui sur des plots 3 permettant d'éviter des fondations trop importantes, de réduire la manutention liée à la construction de fondations en site escarpé, sur un terrain en pente et difficile d'accès, et de limiter les coûts de manutention. Le nombre et l'écartement de ces fermes déterminera la profondeur du volume de base constitutif du projet; par commodité nous appellerons V ce volume de base. It is important to specify that the dimensional characteristics of the structural members having the same structural function are the same whatever the variant chosen, this remark justifies the use of the same symbol to mention the rafters on the one hand (symbol i) and ties on the other hand (symbol 2), and whether they are single or double. These trusses assembled according to FIG. 1 or 2 are supported on studs 3 making it possible to avoid too large foundations, to reduce the handling linked to the construction of foundations in a steep site, on a slope and difficult to access, and limit handling costs. The number and spacing of these farms will determine the depth of the basic volume constituting the project; for convenience we will call V this basic volume.
Le faible écartement, pour le projet architectural proposé, des fermes ci-dessus mentionnées (1,20m ou 2,40m entraxe) pourra permettre de faire l'économie de pannes et de chevrons et de les remplacer par des éléments rigides 4 en bois massif ou à base de bois venant les relier entre elles et participant ainsi au contreventement du bâtiment considéré. Ces éléments rigides constituent le support de la couverture, à moins que celle-ci ne les remplace, et peuvent permettre la pose consécutive d'une isolation thermique dans le cas d'une isolation par l'extérieur.The small spacing, for the proposed architectural project, of the above-mentioned trusses (1.20m or 2.40m spacing) could make it possible to save breakdowns and rafters and replace them with rigid elements 4 made of solid wood or based on wood coming to connect them together and thus participating in the bracing of the building considered. These rigid elements constitute the support of the cover, unless it replaces them, and can allow the subsequent installation of thermal insulation in the case of insulation from the outside.
L'étape constructive suivante permettra au bâtiment projeté d'approcher de sa forme définitive (cf. figure 3). Cette étape est liée à l'assemblage de pièces de bois supplémentaires 5, que nous appellerons entraits retroussés, au sein du système constructif constitué par les fermes mentionnées ci-dessus et désignées par les figures i ou 2.The following construction stage will allow the planned building to approach its final form (see Figure 3). This step is linked to the assembly of additional pieces of wood 5, which we will call upturned beams, within the construction system constituted by the trusses mentioned above and designated by Figures i or 2.
Les entraits retroussés 5 simples ou doubles viennent se greffer à hauteur d'étage sur les fermes.The upturned ties 5 single or double are grafted up to the floor level on the farms.
Ces entraits retroussés 5 ont plusieurs fonctions qui s'inscrivent dans une logique constructive propre à l'invention. These upturned links 5 have several functions which are part of a constructive logic specific to the invention.
Ils ont une première fonction de support de plancher de l'étage (C) créé à l'intérieur du volume de base du bâtiment, de support d'un faux-plafond en habillage total ou partiel de ce plancher, et une deuxième fonction de support des éléments rigides 4 reliants les entraits 5 entre eux et de support d'un faux-plafond en habillage des rampants de couverture abritant les bas-côtés créés (B.C.).They have a first function of supporting the floor of the floor (C) created inside the base volume of the building, of supporting a false ceiling in total or partial covering of this floor, and a second function of support of the rigid elements 4 connecting the connections 5 to each other and support of a false ceiling by covering the crawling roofs sheltering the aisles created (BC).
Ces deux fonctions sont indépendantes, la réalisation des bas-côtés (B.C.) pouvant être effectuée sans que la pose du plancher 6 soit rendue nécessaire. L'auvent saillant représenté sur la figure 7 illustre bien cette disposition puisqu'aucun plancher ne vient découper le volume de base (V) du bâtiment.These two functions are independent, the realization of the aisles (B.C.) can be carried out without the installation of the floor 6 being made necessary. The projecting canopy shown in Figure 7 illustrates this arrangement since no floor cuts the base volume (V) of the building.
Ainsi, ils permettent en effet à la fois la création d'un plancher à hauteur d'étage 6 à l'intérieur du volume de base (V) en reprenant par leur rôle porteur les charges du plancher de l'étage 6 et l'agrandissement latéral au niveau du rez-de-chaussée sous forme de bas-côtés (B.C.) permettant de modifier le volume de base (V) et d'agrandir de façon appréciable la surface habitable.Thus, they indeed allow both the creation of a floor at floor height 6 inside the base volume (V) by taking up by their carrying role the loads of the floor of floor 6 and the lateral enlargement on the ground floor in the form of aisles (BC) allowing the basic volume to be modified (V) and appreciably enlarging the living area.
Ils permettent de servir de support aux éléments rigides 4 éventuels de la couverture couvrant les bas-côtés créés (B.C.), et ils permettent également la fixation d'un fauxplafond total ou partiel permettant de cacher la sous-face du plancher créé et servir de support à l'habillage de l'isolation thermique prévue éventuellement en sous-face des rampants de couverture couvrant les bas-côtés (B.C.).They allow to serve as a support for any rigid elements 4 of the covering covering the aisles created (BC), and they also allow the fixing of a total or partial false ceiling allowing to hide the underside of the created floor and serve as support for the cladding of the thermal insulation provided possibly on the underside of the covering ramps covering the aisles (BC).
Pour l'implantation du bâtiment considéré dans une région régie par un climat de montagne, on privilégiera la solution technique utilisant des entraits doubles 2 en support de la couverture des bas-côtés (B.C.) dont la faible pente peut favoriser les accumulations de neige et, de ce fait, entraîner une surcharge possible pouvant affecter la couverture des bas-côtés (B.C.). Les embouts saillants de ces entraits retroussés 5 seront supportés par les parois périphériques du bâtiment considéré, parois prenant assise sur les extrémités des entraits 2 de la structure constitutive du volume initial (V). Cette étape constructive permet au bâtiment de s'approcher de son aspect final (cf. figure 3). For the establishment of the building considered in a region governed by a mountain climate, we will favor the technical solution using double ties 2 in support of the aisle cover (BC) whose slight slope can favor the accumulation of snow and , therefore, lead to a possible overload which may affect the coverage of the aisles (BC). The projecting ends of these upturned ties 5 will be supported by the peripheral walls of the building considered, walls sitting on the ends of the ties 2 of the structure constituting the initial volume (V). This constructive step allows the building to approach its final appearance (see Figure 3).
Les profils des entraits retroussés 5 greffés sur le volume de base (V) seront déterminés en fonction de la pente 7 requise par le matériau de couverture, ainsi les débords saillants des entraits retroussés devront être façonnés de telle sorte que leurs pentes 7 soient compatibles avec ledit matériau (figures 4 et 5).The profiles of the upturned ties 5 grafted onto the base volume (V) will be determined as a function of the slope 7 required by the covering material, so the protruding overhangs of the upturned ties will have to be shaped so that their slopes 7 are compatible with said material (Figures 4 and 5).
Pour une pente 7 de couverture très faible, seule la rive supérieure des embouts saillants des entraits 5 après leur assemblage avec les albalétriers constitutifs du volume de base (V) aura besoin d'être façonnée (cf. figure 4).For a very low slope of cover 7, only the upper bank of the projecting ends of the ties 5 after their assembly with the rafters making up the base volume (V) will need to be shaped (cf. FIG. 4).
Pour une pente 7 de couverture plus accentuée, la poutre de section rectangulaire représentée par l'entrait retroussé 5 devra être infléchie au niveau de ses deux extrémités ce qui suppose une mise en forme préalable de la pièce en usine (cf. figure 5).For a more pronounced roofing slope 7, the beam of rectangular section represented by the upturned entry 5 will have to be bent at its two ends, which presupposes a prior shaping of the part in the factory (cf. FIG. 5).
Pour éviter cet usinage préalable dont nous parlions en fin d'alinéa précédent et afin d'obtenir une pente de couverture supérieure à 10 , L'entrait retroussé du départ devra être remplacé par deux sous-albalétriers 8 venant s'assembler sur les albalétriers constitutifs du volume de base (V) (cf. figure 6). Cette dernière disposition technique s'inscrit dans la logique constructive du projet. Dans cette forme de réalisation (figure 6),un poinçon 9 est susceptible d'être prévu.To avoid this prior machining which we were talking about at the end of the previous paragraph and in order to obtain a coverage slope greater than 10, the retracted entry from the start must be replaced by two sub-masters 8 coming to assemble on the constituent masters of the basic volume (V) (see Figure 6). This last technical provision is part of the constructive logic of the project. In this embodiment (Figure 6), a punch 9 may be provided.
Ces dispositions permettent de varier la pente 7 de la couverture des bas-côtés (B.C.), viennent finaliser l'invention et montrent la souplesse d'utilisation du procédé de l'invention.These provisions make it possible to vary the slope 7 of the cover of the aisles (B.C.), finalize the invention and show the flexibility of use of the method of the invention.
Le volume final du bâtiment est composé d'un volume principal (V) sur lequel peuvent venir se greffer un ou deux volumes latéraux de moindre importance que nous avons appelés bas-côtés (B.C.). Sur la figure 7 représentant une maison individuelle deux bas-côtés (B.C.) ont été indiqués. Ce volume est la résultante du processus d'assemblage d'éléments profilés appelés entraits retroussés 5 sur une structure de base telle que précédemment décrite. The final volume of the building is composed of a main volume (V) on which can be grafted one or two lateral volumes of lesser importance that we have called aisles (B.C.). In Figure 7 representing a detached house two aisles (B.C.) have been indicated. This volume is the result of the process of assembling profiled elements called upturned ties 5 on a basic structure as previously described.
Le bâtiment défini par le volume (V) et ses bas-côtés (B.C.), (cf. figure 7), est à l'image du procédé technique utilisé il est évolutif et peut permettre de s'adapter à des programmes de nature et d'importance variées.The building defined by the volume (V) and its aisles (BC) (see Figure 7), is like the technical process used it is scalable and can allow adaptation to programs of nature and of various importance.
Chaque élément concourant à la définition du projet architectural (cf. figure 7) af
firme sa propre logique constructive et participe ainsi à la cohérence de l'ensemble,
ceci dans un souci de maîtrise des coûts. Each element contributing to the definition of the architectural project (cf. figure 7) af
confirms its own constructive logic and thus participates in the coherence of the whole,
this for the sake of cost control.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9701231A FR2759105B1 (en) | 1997-02-04 | 1997-02-04 | METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING MULTI-FUNCTIONAL WOOD-BASED DRIVES ON AN EXISTING WOOD STRUCTURE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9701231A FR2759105B1 (en) | 1997-02-04 | 1997-02-04 | METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING MULTI-FUNCTIONAL WOOD-BASED DRIVES ON AN EXISTING WOOD STRUCTURE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2759105A1 true FR2759105A1 (en) | 1998-08-07 |
FR2759105B1 FR2759105B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 |
Family
ID=9503299
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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FR9701231A Expired - Fee Related FR2759105B1 (en) | 1997-02-04 | 1997-02-04 | METHOD FOR ASSEMBLING MULTI-FUNCTIONAL WOOD-BASED DRIVES ON AN EXISTING WOOD STRUCTURE |
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FR (1) | FR2759105B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1211362A2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-05 | Bernt E. Ohna | System of roof supports for providing a dormer and a roof support as part of the system |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH241846A (en) * | 1945-03-27 | 1946-04-15 | Cron Jean | Roof construction made of wood. |
FR963989A (en) * | 1950-07-26 | |||
DE846007C (en) * | 1947-07-17 | 1952-08-07 | Werner Dipl-Ing Bahm | Roof trusses with collar beams |
DE1047407B (en) * | 1955-02-23 | 1958-12-24 | Theodor Engelhard | Saddle-shaped protective roof protruding on one or both sides |
US5341611A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1994-08-30 | Spokane Structures, Inc. | Structural framing system for buildings |
-
1997
- 1997-02-04 FR FR9701231A patent/FR2759105B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR963989A (en) * | 1950-07-26 | |||
CH241846A (en) * | 1945-03-27 | 1946-04-15 | Cron Jean | Roof construction made of wood. |
DE846007C (en) * | 1947-07-17 | 1952-08-07 | Werner Dipl-Ing Bahm | Roof trusses with collar beams |
DE1047407B (en) * | 1955-02-23 | 1958-12-24 | Theodor Engelhard | Saddle-shaped protective roof protruding on one or both sides |
US5341611A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1994-08-30 | Spokane Structures, Inc. | Structural framing system for buildings |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1211362A2 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-05 | Bernt E. Ohna | System of roof supports for providing a dormer and a roof support as part of the system |
EP1211362A3 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2003-07-23 | Bernt E. Ohna | System of roof supports for providing a dormer and a roof support as part of the system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2759105B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 |
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