FR2722835A1 - ROTARY PISTON TYPE MOTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine of the rotary piston type, the engine comprising a pair of pistons (4a, 4b) arranged and sliding in a housing (1), said pistons being fitted with play in bores, in which they slide. . The pistons are connected, by means of connecting rods (14a, 14b), to a hollow driven shaft (7), in which is arranged coaxially and with play an additional driven shaft (8) having a bore (9). A first elliptical gear (22) and a further elliptical gear (26) are respectively fixed on the free end of the first hollow driven shaft (7) and that of the bored shaft (8). Said elliptical gears are engaged with gears (24, 25) mounted eccentrically on a driven shaft (23). Field of application: piston engines.

Description

The present invention relates to a motor of the

rotary piston type.

  Known piston engines operate according to

  the principle that a rotary movement is transformed

  in a linear back-and-forth motion, or vice versa. The direction of the piston (pistons) moving linearly, when an engine of this type works, changes periodically, which results in relatively large variations in speed and acceleration. Such non-uniform movement of the piston (pistons) results in relatively high forces and torques, to which the (s) are subjected.

piston (s) and the engine itself.

  Attempts have been made to remedy the above-mentioned problems by means of a new structure of the piston engine, i.e., a rotary piston engine. Thus, for example, a so-called Wankel motor is known, which uses one or more three-lobed rotors arranged in an epitrochoidal casing. Although requiring fewer component parts (for example, without valves), a disadvantage of such an engine, compared to a reciprocating piston engine, resides in a demanding finish of the shape of the chamber. working, and in poor sealing of the rotor. Therefore, despite the

  advantages in terms of balancing the masses,

  ment and weight, the above-mentioned engine is not very widespread. Starting from the above-mentioned drawbacks, the object of the invention is to provide a machine or a motor of the rotary piston type, having a reliable seal and a dynamically advantageous arrangement of the moving masses, said machine being simple to manufacture in terms of the number of components and being, at the same time, economical, and

  operating in an eco-friendly way.

  According to the invention, the problem posed has been solved by a pair of pistons arranged in a casing and movably sliding in relation to the latter, said pistons being adjusted with play in the bores, in which they

  slide. Said pair of pistons is connected, via the

  medial of connecting rods, to a hollow driven shaft, in which is arranged coaxially and with play with respect to this shaft, an additional driven shaft. The latter comprises a coaxial bore, so that a first elliptical gear and an additional elliptical gear are respectively rigidly mounted at the free end of the first driven shaft and at the free end of the bored shaft. Elliptical gears are meshed with gears mounted

  offset on the driven shaft of the transmission.

  The elliptical gears are offset in the plane of rotation up to a value of r / 2rad. The eccentricity of the two eccentric gears is stepped by r / 2rad in the plane of rotation. The elliptical gears and the corresponding eccentric gears preferably have

  the same dimensions respectively.

  Another characteristic of the engine according to the invention is the fact that the connecting rod is rigidly connected to the hollow driven shaft and is articulated by means of a slide on the piston, said slide being movable in sliding in a groove of the piston , arranged

transversely to each piston.

  The motor housing is provided longitudinally, and from the first end thereof, with a cylindrical recess, extending coaxially, in which is housed the hollow driven shaft, in a manner known per se. Furthermore, the recess is intended to receive lubricating oil. The cylindrical casing of the motor extending rather in a radial direction is composed of two half-casings, while the plane (X) of division is located transversely to the casing, and each half-casing is provided transversely to the longitudinal line, that is to say at the system axis of the housing, of a through bore having a circular cross section and extending parallel to the plane (X) of division of the housing. The two bores preferably extend parallel to each other, and at a distance

  equal to the longitudinal axis of the engine.

  On the other hand, each bore is closed at its end by means of a cylinder head, the cylinder heads situated on the same side being provided, concentrically with the through bore, with a tapped hole for installing a

spark plug.

  Another characteristic of the engine according to the invention is the fact that the supply of fuel-air mixture is routed via the bore made in the shaft, the lights made in said shaft, and an intake passage in an intermediate chamber. , and via a return passage, in a working chamber of the piston engine. A gas escape is ensured via an outlet passage in a manifold with two branches connected to the casing concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the engine. Other features of this

  invention will become apparent from the following description

  of an embodiment of the invention, made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a view in longitudinal section of an engine of the rotary piston type according to the invention, shown diagrammatically; Figure 2 shows a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2; Figure 4 shows a view along arrow A of Figure 1, of the transmission of the rotary piston type motor according to the invention, the view being shown schematically. A rotary piston type motor according to the invention comprises a cylindrical casing 1 extending in a radial direction and composed of two identical half-casings 1a, 1b, while the plane X of division of the casing is situated transversely to the housing axis. In one embodiment shown, each half-casing 1a, 1b is provided, transversely to the longitudinal axis, that is to say to the system axis of the engine, with a through bore 2a, 2b having a cross section transverse circular, extending parallel to the plane X of division of the casing. The two bores 2a, 2b preferably extend parallel to each other, and at an equal distance from the longitudinal axis of the engine. At its end, each opening bore 2a, 2b is closed by a respective cylinder head 3a, 3c and 3b, 3d. The cylinder heads 3a, 3b are provided with a tapped hole 3 'arranged concentrically with the through bore 2a, 2b, intended to allow the installation of a spark plug not shown. Working pistons 4a, 4b are slidably arranged in each through bore 2a, 2b and are adjusted with play in said bore. Each piston 4a, 4b carries, in a manner known per se, several compression segments 4 'which are pressed essentially without play on the inner wall of each bore 2a, 2b. According to

  first embodiment, several channels of re-

  cooling 5 located at a uniform distance from each other can be arranged radially around each through bore 2a, 2b, at a distance therefrom, and according to another embodiment, cooling ribs known per se, not shown , are

  provided for cooling the engine.

  At a first end, the casing 1 is provided with a coaxial cylindrical recess 6 oriented in the longitudinal direction of the casing, in which rotates, in a manner known per se, a hollow driven shaft 7. Another shaft

  led 8, having a longitudinal bore 9, extends co-

  axially through the hollow shaft 7. The shaft 8 is disposed in the hollow shaft 7 with play, and so as to protrude from said hollow shaft, penetrating into the casing 1 at the bottom of the recess 6, and being rigidly connected to said housing at this location. The second end of the hollow shaft 7 is housed, in a manner known per se, in the first wall 10 of the transmission 11. The shaft 8 is supported, in a manner known per se, in the second wall 12 of the transmission 11, which is fixed to a base not shown. Each bore 2a, 2b joins the recess 6 via a channel 13a, 13b preferably having a rectangular cross section and extending in a radial direction relative to the cylindrical casing 1. A connecting rod 14a, 14b s' extends through said channels, its first end being rigidly connected to the hollow shaft 7, and its second end being articulated on each working piston 4a, 4b. Said oscillating joint is produced by means of an adjusted axis 15a, 15b, pivotally connected to the free end of each connecting rod 14a, 14b, said adjusted axis being rigidly connected to a slide 16a, 16b. The latter is adjusted with play in a groove of suitable shape made in each piston 4a, 4b, thus allowing said slider to effect a relative translational movement transversely to the piston 4a, 4b. The channels 13a, 13b are dimensioned so as to allow an oscillating movement

free from each connecting rod 14a, 14b.

  In order to simplify the description, we will admit

  that, according to FIG. 3, the "high" position is situated on the side where the spark plug is arranged, and that the position

"bass" is on the opposite side.

  At the joint between the half-casings 1a, 1b of the casing 1, the shaft 8 is provided with a pair of transverse through-holes 17 arranged diametrically opposite one another, allowing the supply of air-fuel mixture through intake (suction) passages 18a, 18b formed in each half-casing 1a, 1b, into an intermediate chamber situated between the "empty" side (ie inactive) of each piston and the cylinder head 3c, 3d. The entry of passage 18a, 18b into the intermediate chamber is configured in such a way that the upper edge of its orifice is substantially aligned with the top of the piston on the lower side of said piston, that is to say on the "vacuum" side "thereof, when said piston is at its top dead center (TDC). A return passage 19a, 19b is arranged diametrically opposite each intake passage 18a, 18b, relative to the piston 4a, 4b, connecting the intermediate chamber to a combustion chamber arranged

  on the opposite side of the piston, relative to the inter-

  medial, that is to say, between the working face of the piston and the cylinder head 3a, 3b. The entry of the intermediate chamber into the return passage 19a, 19b is located in the immediate vicinity of the cylinder head 3c, 3d, while the upper edge of the orifice is substantially aligned with the top of the piston, on the "empty" side. "thereof, when said piston is in bottom dead center (PMB). The entry of passage 19a, 19b into the working chamber is configured such that its lower edge is substantially aligned with the top of the piston, on the working side thereof, when said piston is at PMB. An outlet (exhaust) passage 20a, 20b is arranged diametrically opposite the entrance to the passage 19a, 19b in the working chamber, and in a direction oriented towards the threaded hole 3 ', this passage being offset by about half the height of the hole. A manifold 21 with two branches, serving as an exhaust for the exhaust gases leaving the engine, is connected to this passage and arranged symmetrically and coaxially with respect to the system axis of the engine, and is supported in the casing of the motor considered, shown partially, in a way

  known per se, at the junction between the two half

housings.

  The free end of the hollow shaft 7, housed in the wall 10 of the transmission 11, projects inside the casing itself of said transmission, and the first elliptical driving gear 22 is arranged concentrically

  on this free end and rigidly in torsion.

  Said elliptical gear meshes in a first driven cylindrical gear 24 arranged eccentrically on a driven shaft 23. At a distance from this gear, and arranged on the shaft 23, is a second driven cylindrical gear 25, which is offset with respect to said shaft, said second driven cylindrical gear being engaged with the second elliptical driving gear 26. The latter, all

  like the first elliptical gear 22, is arranged concentrically

  triclately on the shaft 8, said shaft projecting inside the casing of the transmission 11 and being housed in the second wall 12 of the latter. Relative to the elliptical gear 22, the elliptical gear 26 is offset, in the plane of rotation, by the value of r / 2rad, and the eccentricity of the cylindrical gears 24, 25 is

  the order of rrad with respect to the plane of rotation thereof.

  The driven shaft 23 projects out of the transmission housing 11, being provided to deliver torque. All the gears are fixed in rotation to their respective shafts. The elliptical gears 22, 26 and their corresponding eccentric gears 24, 25, respectively, advantageously have the same size, in terms of dimensions. The design of the elliptical gears 22, 26, the extraction of the gears 24, 25, their parameters and their design, as well as the distance between the axis of the shafts 7 and 8 and of the shaft 23 can be designed by the expert by carrying out

  kinematic analysis and corresponding calculations.

  The engine is lubricated by an oil bath, said oil being in the space formed by the recess 6 and the channels 13a, 13b. Oil leaks are

  prevented by two sealed bearings.

  The rotary piston type engine according to the invention operates like a combustion engine.

internal two-stroke as follows.

  It will be assumed that the starting position of the piston

  4b, for example, shown in Figure 3, is located at TDC.

  At this instant, the spark plug, not shown, ignites the compressed charge of fuel and air contained in the combustion space, and the resulting pressure acts on the piston 4b so as to force it down. During its downward movement, the latter closes the fuel intake passage 18a and begins to compress the fuel and air charge, which is at this time in the intermediate chamber. Since the piston 4b still masks the entry of the return passage 19b into the combustion chamber, the

  pressure in the intermediate chamber increases.

  When the piston 4b descends towards the PMB, it releases, at a given moment, the outlet passage 20b, thus allowing

  for the exhaust gases to leave the combustion chamber.

  When the piston 4b moves further down towards the PMB, it discovers the entry of the deflection passage 19b into the working chamber, then allowing the compressed charge of fuel and air to enter the work, and help flush the exhaust. When the piston 4b reaches the PMB, while its top located on the working side is essentially aligned with the lower edge of the intake port of the return passage 19b, the entire fuel and air charge has been forced into the combustion chamber. The piston 4b begins to rise, and when it completely closes the outlet passage 20b, the fuel and air charge is compressed in the working chamber. A vacuum is established in the intermediate chamber, which, at the moment when the piston 4b discovers the entry of the passage 18b in the intermediate chamber, sucks the load of fuel and incoming air via the bore 9 of the driven shaft 8, then through the lights 17 and via the passage 18b. When the TDC is reached, the spark plug

  turns on the load again, and the whole process repeats.

  The pistons 4a, 4b work out of phase with one cycle. When the first piston performs compression and expansion, the second piston ensures respectively the suction and the transfer of the fuel charge and

  air from the intermediate chamber to the working chamber.

  Furthermore, the general inventive idea of

  rotary movement is as follows.

  Due to the rotation of the driven shafts 8, the casing 1, which is rigidly connected to these, is also rotated. In this way, the elliptical gear 26 is rotated and transmits the rotational movement via the eccentric gears 25 and 24 to the elliptical gear 22, according to the position illustrated in Figure 4. Because of the difference between the momentary spokes of the gears 22 and 26, the hollow driven shaft 7 rotates substantially faster than the shaft 8. Due to the difference in rotational speed between the casing 1 and the shaft 7, which is functionally connected to the pistons 4a, 4b by means of the connecting rods 14a, 14b, a relative translational movement is established between the pistons 4a, 4b and the casing 1, one of the pistons performing for example a suction, while the other performs compression of the fuel and air load. The elliptical gears 22, 26 rotate by a value of ir / 2rad, combustion occurring in the combustion chamber of the second piston, which produces an acceleration of the movement of said second piston towards the PMB. The shaft 7 rotates faster than the shaft 8, but the speed at the driven shaft 23 remains uniform, due to the transmission of the torque via the elliptical gears 22, 26, presenting at any time, for a cycle of rrad, in synchronization with the piston strokes, a different diameter. Here, housing 1 works

like a flywheel.

Claims (10)

  1. Motor of the rotary piston type, characterized in that a pair of pistons (4a, 4b) is arranged in a casing (1), movably sliding relative to the latter, said pistons being adjusted with play in bores (2a, 2b) and sliding in them, while the pair of pistons (4a, 4b) is connected, via connecting rods (14a, 14b), to a hollow driven shaft (7) in which is arranged, coaxially and adjusted with clearance therein, an additional driven shaft (8) having a bore (9), a first elliptical gear (22) and a gear   additional elliptical (26) being respectively rigid-   fixed on the free end of the first driven shaft (7) and   on the free end of the bored shaft (8), said en-   elliptical grenades being engaged with gears (24,   25) mounted eccentrically on the driven shaft (23).   2. Rotary piston type motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the elliptical gears are offset, in the plane of rotation, by a value of 7 / 2rad.   3. Rotary piston type motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentricity of the two eccentric gears (24, 25) is stepped in the plane of rotation, from 7 / 2rad.   4. Motor of the rotary piston type according to one   any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that   the respective elliptical gears (22, 26) and the eccentric gears (24, 25) respectively have the same dimensions.   5. Motor of the rotary piston type according to claim I, characterized in that the connecting rod (14a, 14b) is rigidly connected to a hollow driven shaft (7) and is articulated by means of a slide (16a, 16b) on the piston (4a, 4b), said slide being movable by sliding in   a groove made transversely in each piston.   6. Motor of the rotary piston type according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing (1) of the motor is provided, in the longitudinal direction, and from the first end thereof, with a recess (6 ) cylindrical extending coaxially, in which is housed the hollow cylindrical shaft (7), said recess being intended to receive the lubricating oil.   7. Motor of the rotary piston type according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical casing (1) of the motor, which rather extends in a radial direction, consists of two identical half-casings (la, lb), while the plane (X) of division is located in the transverse axis of the casing (1), and each half-casing (la, lb) is provided, transverse to the longitudinal axis - system - of the casing (1), of a through bore (2a, 2b) having a circular cross section and extending parallel to the plane (X) of division of the casing (1), said bores preferably extending parallel to each other, and to a   equal distance from the longitudinal axis of the engine.   8. Motor of the rotary piston type according to one   any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that   each bore (2a, 2b) is closed at its end by means of a cylinder head (3a; 3c and 3b; 3d), the cylinder heads (3a, 3b) being provided concentrically with respect to the through bore ( 2a, 2b), a tapped hole (3 ') allowing install a spark plug.   9. Motor of the rotary piston type according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of fuel-air mixture is carried out through the bore (9) formed in the shaft (8), via transverse through lights ( 17) and an intake passage (18a, 18b), as far as an intermediate chamber, then via a return passage (19a, 19b) as far as the engine working chamber with pistons.   10. Motor of the rotary piston type according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust of the exhaust gases is ensured via an outlet passage (20a, 20b), in a manifold (21) with two branches connected to the casing (1), concentrically to the longitudinal axis of the motor.