FR2544385A1 - Rotary capsule with a diametral cylindrical piston which can be converted to pump, compressor or motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotary machine without peripheral friction, having a cylindrical piston 1 with one or more diameters, moving in a diametral direction in a movable enclosure 2 of appropriate shape in order to constitute capsules of variable volume. These variable volumes 7, 8, 9 and 10 result from a relative reciprocating rectilinear translational movement of the piston 1 with respect to the cylinder 2 generated by a judicious combination of absolute rotational movements with the aid of toothed wheels 13 and 14 or of chains. Without connecting rod assemblies, such a machine is perfectly statically and dynamically balanced. It can be converted to a pump, compressor or motor.

Description

 The invention relates to a retative machine without peripheral hooping, with a cylindrical piston with one or more diameters moving in a movable @ n @@ inte of shapes to form variable capouli @@@ s. It can be adapted in p @@ pe, @@ mpr @@@@ ur or engine.

 In known machines of this kind, the newness of the piston with respect to its enclosure is impeccable, transmitted or transformed by rod or cam systems of squels generally result from efforts tending to validate the functional surfaces. losses of mechanical smoothing and wear.

 In these known systems the balancing of moving parts. is often imperfect and causes vibrations and noise. In these machines each piston is generally also single acting and therefore, for a given capacity, the space required is relatively large.

In another embodiment such as the English engine
Robert Karoll, it is used a rotary cylinder in which move in diametrical directions of the casing two double effect cylindrical pistons. In this realibation the first piston is pumped and 1. seeend of "power" has an active phase for each trasla The whole works as an internal combustion engine following the two-stroke cycle. A big drawback of this solution is the peripheral friction of the cylinders on the casing and the difficult sealing b and on- right acting as oulasse and where the transfer channels are also located.

 As in most rotary engines, the pistens are centered on the crankshaft and guided in relation to the crankcase. This results in a solution of hyperstatic connections which, to satisfy the operating conditions, requires very high precision. manufacturing.

 Dan. the field of internal combustion engines, various techniques of supercharging have been tested and with the considerable increase in the cost of energy, research is justified and is being continued.

 It is known in particular to use the residual energy of the exhaust gases in order to drive a turbo-processor group. In this case the flow rate increases as a function of the square of the speed but therefore this solution is not very suitable for low gears or engines @ with frequent changes of speed.

 Another solution uses the exhaust gas pressure waves to compress the air by means of a rotating distributor. However, this adaptation is delicate and a good operation depends very closely on the distribution diagrams of the engine served.

 A last solution finally whose interest is to debit as soon as the engine turns and this, with a constant volumetric ratio, is to add to the engine a volumetric compressor. This results in the benefit of a significant torque b at low speed. certain vehicles this makes it possible to dispense with the five-speed gearboxes which have sometimes proved to be necessary with supercharged engines at high speeds.

This solution however requires to drive the compressor the additional addition to the engine of a training mechanism.

 The invention presents a kinematic solution eliminating all the preceding drawbacks. It allows the arrangement of machines perfectly balanced statically and dynamically, of better mechanical efficiency, of a relatively reduced space requirement of equal capacity. arrangements with piston with one or more diameters, simultaneously playing the roles of pumping and power, without any particular sealing difficulties persisting. It presents a simple overall solution bringing together the advantages presented by the positive displacement compressor without additional mechanism To these features is added a simplicity of realization and on @sequence a better price a. come back.

 Various other advantageous features appear in the description which follows.

 Without @ mbi @ llage, the kinematic chain is constituted by a piston swiveling on the crank pin of the vilobrequin shaft. The cylinder is driven by a uniform rotational movement around an axis perpendicular to its main axis.

 The piston "linked" to the crankpin of the crankshaft by a double link "sliding pivot" turns in the same direction as the crankshaft but at a double speed. In fact the piston is animated by a planetary movement composed of simultaneous rotations which would result for example a special adaptation of La Hire's painting.

 The cylinder would be secured to an inner wheel 14 of diameter 2d and would be driven by a pinion 13 of diameter d and secured to the crankshaft. This adaptation would make a hoop that during a complete revolution, the crankpin of the crankshaft whose axis coincides with a generator of the original diameter of the pinion, would shift back and forth on a diameter of the toothed wheel 14.

 These kinematic conditions are simply obtained by the La Hire gear which gives the +2 ratio between the speed of rotation of the piston and that of the cylinder. Other arrangements of gears or sent @ n- visageable chain systems. aim is to ensure between the piston and the cylinder, a relative movement of rectiligm altermative translation. The system being reversible, the metric translation of the piston with respect to the cylinder, obtained by adequate variation of the internal pressure in the chambers of the capsuli @@ @, generates continuous rotation of the crankshaft.

 An important characteristic of the invention is that the piston only works axially. The friction surfaces.

having to ensure the sealing function does not support any guiding force. The harmful lateral action of the piston @@ the cylinder walls imposed by the inclination of a rod or the action of a cam @ , is deleted in particular, thereby eliminating the causes of ovalization and wear.

 Another characteristic of the invention is its perfect static and dynamic balancing. The whole functions as a rigorously balanced mass and driven by an absolute rotational movement. This advantage is immediately ensured for the cylinder which constitutes the main mobile mass and which rotates around one of its axes of symmetry. The centrifugal inertia effect to which the piston is subjected is to be compensated by at least one judiciously located mass on the crankshaft.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, it should be noted that the reciprocating rectilinear translational movement of the piston relative to the cylinder is a relative movement which does not generate the phenomena of vibrat @ ons flowing from a sombrable absolute movement.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the piston or pistons can be of one or more diameters, have one or more working faces and it is supposed to generate one or more capsulisms. All known distribution systems such as lights, valves, taps , valv @@, valves, drawers, can be retained and allow a considerable variety of combinations and mismatches in ponpes, compressors or engines.

 According to another characteristic of the invention, the crankshaft piston liaizon which is theoretically a "pivot" link, is replaceable by a particular link which would allow various additional degrees of freedom so as to ensure normal operation even with a mechanism the realization of which would be this endrcit have faults due to the tolerances of dimoneions or geometric weights.

 Other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows of a non-limiting embodiment, made with reference to the appended drawings.

 Figures 1 and 2 are schematic representations of a supercharged internal combustion engine operating on the two-stroke cycle.

 Figures 3 and 4 are schematic representations of a "sliding double pivot" connection between the piston and the crankshaft.

 FIG. 5 represents a simple "sliding pivot" connection with elastic support between the piston and the crankshaft.

 In FIGS. 1 and 2, the chambers 7 and 8 constitute the "compressor" capsulisms. In this representation the suction of the fresh gases is done by the lights 6.

After suctioning the fuel mixture is transferred through the channels 16 in the combustion chambers 9 and 10. The opening or closing of these channels depends on the relative position of the piston in the cylinder as in a conventional notor.

 After this transfer, the compression continues until the injection or spark which is obtained at the appropriate moment.

 A detent takes place with each round trip of the piston in the cylinder and collapses altogether in chs 9 and 10.

 The motor being symmetrical, one obtains from a pedestrian block the intake, expansion, exhaust phases and the other the compression phases.

 At the end of the race, the exhaust is provided by the lights II, the opening of which depends on a certain ob @ turator 4 controlled by an adequate support 5 on the cartor 3.

 This arrangement results in the following main characteristics, the importance of which is emphasized by comparison with known conventional solutions.

 The filling of the chambers is optimally ensured by the volumetric precompression which one can choose. It depends above all on the capacity of the chambers.

 The compression ratio can be high thanks also to the pre-compression sette.

 The mixing of the mixture is a function of the intake glasses for which there is the entire "bottom of the chamber" in order to choose their arrangement and characteristics.

 The sweeping is of the "equicurrent" type. The arrangement of the intake lights which can be done with a maximum of freedom allows to choose a purely longitudinal or helical sweep generally more effective. In addition u made of the rotation of the cylinder, a centrifugation of the promotes their progress.

 The cooling of the piston head is ensured in the first place by a "licking" complete with fresh gases, the inlet of which can be channeled at will over the entire periphery of the "bottom of the chamber". The cooling can be further improved by the choice of the stroke / bore ratio which is no longer dependent on the connecting rod system and which consequently can be of optimal value considering only the heat exchanges by the walls. This heat exchange by the walls of the cylinder is favored by the fins 18 that it comprises and on which an oirculation for @ és of fresh air is obtained by contrifugation. The counsel@- ble of the cylinder in the casing plays the same rels as a roter of centrifugal pump. are arranged on the veining of the main axis of the engine by the covers 17. Their evacuation takes place at the periphery of the casing by the outlet 15 in such a way that they also cause the burnt gases sisultaneously.

 The lubrication of the cylinder is to be considered using an oil supply with the fuel since it operates according to the two-stroke cycle. The bearings and gears parts can be conventionally lubricated by bubbling or pressurized oil circuit. solutions can be envisaged depending on whether the supply of fresh gas is done internally or externally to the teeth of the inner wheel of the gear.

The cyclic regularity of a single cylinder is comparable to that of a classic four-cylinder with four tomps. The cylinder block rotating regularly around one of its axes of symmetry also constitutes a regulating flywheel,
It should be noted in particular that the action of the gases resulting from the explosion in a chamber is maintained on the crankshaft crankpin during, theoretically, a rotation of 360. If practically the opening time of the distribution ducts corresponds to a quarter of a turn, es which is favorable for exchanges, there remains neammeins a driving action during 270 of rotation, As there are two explosions per turn there is overlapping of the times of action and consequently a very good regularity of the couple.

 Balancing is perfect statically and dynamically for the cylinder which constitutes the main moving mass.

This same advantage is obtained using small masses 12 placed judiciously on the crankshaft to compensate for the effect of centrifugal inertia acting on the piston. The whole is then to be considered as a mass rigorously balanced and animated by a movement abselu of rotation.

 It should be remembered that the reciprocating rectilinear translational movement of the piston with respect to the cylinder is a relative movement which does not generate the phenomena of vibrations arising from the same absolute movement.

 If we admit for simplicity that in an engine the average linear speed of the piston is proportional to that of detont gas, in this particular case for the same radius of crank we can then affirm that it is divided by two.

 With regard to the capacities, for the same radius of crank, with equal cross-section of the piston, the cubic capacity is multiplied by two. At equal capacity for a combustion chamber, the sections of the lights and conduits are doubled and facilitate all the gas flows.

 The mechanical efficiency of the arrangement described is particularly improved in that all the harmful efferts are eliminated. The piston works only axially.

The friction surfaces which have to ensure the sealing function do not support any guiding force. The deplorable lateral action of the piston against the walls of the cylinder, imposed by the inclined connecting rod is notably eliminated. Consequently all causes of wear and ovalization @@ preheatable to conventional motors no longer exists.

 For large capacity motors, the friction contacts of the gear shown can be replaced by rolling rollers and consequently increase their mechanical efficiency.

 By replacing the thematic sliding pivot by a double sliding pivot between the piston and the cylinder, we obtain a connection represented by Figures 3 and 4 which allows certain additional degrees of freedom facilitating the assembly and the functioning of the mechanism. - gure 3 appears the freedom Ta of translation to compensate for an imprecision on the value of the radius of sanivelle. On figure 4 the freedom Ra of rotation pernet to compensate for a defect of perpendicularity between the axes of the ton and of the piston.

This obviously results in a reduction in manufacturing requirements that the solution of the simple sliding pivot would require.

 These additional degrees of freedom of relatively small deflections can also be envisaged using an elastic connection E as shown in FIG. 5.

 Tightness is ensured by proven solutions.

Since the piston has four effects, it is to be expected that there will be a favorable role for back pressure.

The power is proportional to three relatively high voror factors:
- The total displacement Vc dependent on the diameter of the piston.

 - The effective average pressure Pme high due to the double compression.

 - The high rotational speed N possible due to perfect balancing.

However according to these three factors the power increases
Vc # Pme # N me as follows: P = 900
The classic principles of ignition can be retained with the advantage in this case of using the nobility of the candles in the role of an ordinary breaker with all the desired settings.
Diesel is feared resorting to a pre-injection or a hot spot ignition easy to maintain by a simple peripheral wiper.

 The invention can be adapted to a pump, compressor or motor.

As an internal combustion engine it can also be used on vehicles that are plagued fixed.

Its realization does not pose any particular problem of machining or doing. With equal characteristics, the number of parts of such an engine is substantially to be divided by three and consequently the machining times.

A simple eccentric shaft, guided on two separate bearings
place a vile @ shark with four crankpins and five bearing @.

A two-stage piston replaces four piston @ and four connecting rods.

The air-cooled cylinder block, with no lining required, can be designed in just two or three pieces.

 The gain in number of pieces and simplicity is more evident if we compare the mechanics that provide the distribution function.

The static casing essentially constitutes a bearing for the mobile assembly. This bearing is covered by a closed enclosure 3 whose function is to channel the cooling air and the exhaust gases. This ounce is therefore of light constitution of the type fan spiral.

All these factors considered, with equal capacity and reliability, advantages over the overall function, general simplicity, saving of materials, saving of time and manpower, it is possible, at short notice, to forecast in relation to the solutions classics a reduction in the cost price of an engine, sufficient for a major reform of the planning of future productions.

Above all rustic, an engine according to this invention is in all respects advantageous and of a very low cost price.

It is obvious that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and shown.

 D @ numerous variants are accessible to those skilled in the art depending on the intended applications, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (3)

CLAIMS: 1. Adaptable rotary capsulism on pump, compressor or motor characterized by the absence of peripheral friction, by a cylindrical piston dia @ ètral teurillenton on the crankpin of the crankshaft and moving in a rotating cylinder of appropriate shapes in order to censtitute one or more variable volumes thanks to a rolative movement of alternative rectilinear translation resulting from a house combi of absolute rotations by means of gear or chains. 2.Capsulism according to claim 1 characterized by a kinematic chain without embiollage and lisisons solon Figures 3,4 and 5 such that the pist @ n works only axialenent without action detrimental to mechanical romdement. 3.Capaulisne according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the pisten with one or more dianeters generates one or more working chambers and that it can, as in the representations in Figures 1 and 2, fill @ i @ ultimately various effects such as pumping, compression and or transmission of a motor force resulting from the press of a fluid.