FR2898383A1 - Fixed/rotating mechanical assembly for forming e.g. pump, has mechanical system with set of pinions driven by another set of pinions to rotate piston for controlling operating cycle of piston, where system organizes kinematics of assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The assembly has central axle (8) for carrying out a relative movement between a fixed or rotary cylinder (9) and a piston (11), where the axle is connected to an output shaft (45) of a case (1). The axle has a mechanical system (15) with a set of pinions (37, 38) driven by another set of pinions (22, 23) to rotate a piston (11) for controlling operating cycle of the piston in the cylinder, where the system organizes kinematics of the assembly.

Description

The present invention relates to a mechanical assembly for the realization

  machines such as compressors, engines or other engines with a cylinder, a piston and whose operating cycle is controlled by a mechanical system that replaces the crankshaft.

  The use of a crankshaft generates a loss of performance and occupies a large volume due to its movement. It has a high manufacturing cost and causes asymmetrical wear of the segments. For each stroke, the piston has the same stroke and the same speed of movement between the top and bottom dead centers.

  For this type of machine, when the piston reaches the bottom dead center, at the end of the energy generating time, the remaining driving force is lost because the piston begins to rise in the cylinder to initiate the exhaust phase. Generally, these machines have a single housing containing one or more cylinder / piston assemblies. Assembly that does not facilitate maintenance interventions because the accessibility and disassembly of mechanical parts involved often involve undressing and removing the housing using heavy equipment and a large workforce. The present invention proposes a different solution: A mechanical assembly for the production of machines such as compressors, heat engines, pumps or other with a cylinder, a piston and whose kinematics is included in a housing with output shaft. The relative movement between the cylinder and the piston takes place around the central axis, linked to the output shaft leading or driven according to the embodiment of the machine. The central axis is equipped with a mechanical system that represents the kinematics between the parts and controls the operating cycle of the piston in the cylinder. The mechanical system consists mainly of parts such as pinion, roller, cam and according to the freewheel version, electromagnetic connection, toothed sector, speed multiplier. The mechanical assembly is in a fixed or rotating composition. The cylinder is rectilinear or toric and made in one or more pieces. The piston, of corresponding shape, is provided with a lever mounted free to rotate on the central axis.

  Throughout the energy-producing time, the driving force on the cylinder or piston is tangential to their mean radius. It is therefore optimal. The mechanical system represents the organized kinematics between the pieces. Its mechanism consists of different ways and prevents uncontrolled movement of the piston in the cylinder. A mechanical system can serve one or more cylinder / piston assemblies. Five non-exhaustive versions are proposed: • The first includes two gear transmission gears, a set of variable spoke gears and a device for adjusting the volume of the compression chamber. • The second includes a drive guide, a balance with toothed sector 5 equipped with a roller and its return device and a male cam. • The third comprises a balance with a return device, a roller and a female cam. • The fourth comprises a balance with toothed sector equipped with a roller and its return device, a cam with speed multiplier and a free wheel type connection and / or electromagnetic. • The fifth comprises a balance with toothed sector equipped with a roller and its return device, a cam with speed multiplier, a toothed sector and two transmission gears of the movement. The mechanical system comprises one or more male or female cams, fixed or rotating on themselves and / or mounted on the central or eccentric axis. A cam can serve several mechanical systems. The profile of the cam or variable spoke gears performs the same functions. It determines, for each time of the operating cycle, the stroke and the speed of movement of the piston in the cylinder. It can create a piston stop, called wedging, with respect to the displacement of the cylinder at the beginning and / or in progress and / or at the end of the piston stroke. These adjustment possibilities allow the cylinder to traverse a specific angle for each time. By reducing the angle traveled by one or more of the passive times: admission, compression and exhaust, and by transferring the recovered X degrees to the energy-producing time, its duration is lengthened. As the composition of each time is specific, it is possible to lengthen the stroke of the piston in the cylinder to vary the volume of the compression chamber to generate a rate adapted to the immediate needs according to the parameterization of the machine. For this purpose, when the mechanical system comprises a cam, its variable profile (s) is used in the sector (s) concerned, composed of elastic lamellae or the like. Other adjustment possibilities, with or without cam, is to rotate the shaft / set of variable-radius gears or shaft / balance or other around the central axis or to rotate around its shaft, relative to at the central axis, the gears with variable radius, a pendulum or other. These adjustment devices have a mechanical and / or fluid and / or electronic control, itself controlled by a computer or the central computer.

  In their connection, the cam and the roller have smooth surfaces or gears. Throughout the energy-producing time, by combining the explosion / expansion curve of the mixture or compression, the setting (s), the stroke and the speed of movement of the piston in the cylinder, the ideal volume is created in the compression chamber for generating an optimum pressure exerted on the cylinder and / or the piston. At the end of the exhaust, the mechanical system allows the piston to touch the inner face of the cylinder to expel the entire mixture in the chamber. Depending on the mounting, the mechanical system may include a counter cam and / or a guide and / or two rollers to prevent loss of contact between the cam and the roller. When the cam is female, the centrifugal force naturally plates the roller against the cam. A return device, spring or otherwise, permanently plates the roller against the cam. The cylinder has lights for intake, exhaust, ignition and injection. The housing and / or the cylinder head comprise the corresponding lights. At each time, the respective lights are aligned according to the operating cycle.

  The machine consists of one or more housings mounted in lines or in parallel and each comprising one or more cylinder / piston assemblies, in a fixed or rotating composition according to the embodiment of the machine, equipped with one or more mechanical systems. The housings are interconnected with or without removable connections. When the housings are mounted in rows, they have a common central axis or a central axis by housing, concentric and independent, allowing in case of failure in a housing to continue to operate with others. The casings mounted in parallel are interconnected by belt, pinion, chain or other. Depending on the mounting of the mechanical system or systems, the number of cylinder / piston assemblies and the number of housings, the misdeeds generated by the centrifugal force, the vibrations and the successive explosions, are counterbalanced by compensating masses and / or flying. Depending on the assembly and the number of cylinders, the producing times or transformers of energy are simultaneous or separate. The coaxial mounting of the cylinder and piston eliminates contact and wear of their respective surfaces. Only the segments rub against the inner wall of the cylinder generating a rational wear of the surfaces in contact. The segments of the toric pistons having in their thickness, two half-inverted profiles, they will be manufactured in one or more pieces.

  In the case of a two-stroke engine with straight or toric cylinder, a mixture inlet chamber is created in the lower part of the cylinder, under the piston, with a guide of the piston rod and a seal with the housing. Depending on the mounting (eg with an eccentric cam), the roller can be directly connected or in contact with the lever. The mechanical assembly, according to the invention, will be used to make machines such as compressors, thermal motors, generators, pumps or other. Criteria for a rotating cylinder mechanical assembly: The phase of use or transformation of the energy is exerted on the cylinder which, linked to the central axis, transmits or receives from it the movement. The operating cycle is performed on one turn, ie 360. However, the complete cycle can take place over several laps. In this case, the device is equipped with a distribution. It is necessary to modify the operation of the mechanical system which may have several cams with or without a device for tilting from one cam to the other (mechanical and / or fluid 15 and / or electronic). This solution makes it possible to lengthen the duration of each time and particularly that of the energy-producing time which could approach or even exceed 50% of the cycle. The increase of the angle traveled by each time attenuates the profile of the cam, makes it more regular. This facilitates the work of the roller and allows a higher speed of rotation, having the effect of increasing the operating range of the machine. For a mechanical system equipped with variable spoke gears, it is the variation of the rays which determines the angle traveled by each time and accelerates or decelerates the speed of the piston in the cylinder to compose the operating cycle. Neither the profile of the cam nor that of the variable spoke gears create reciprocating movements of the piston in the cylinder. It is the acceleration or deceleration of its speed which composes each time. One or more rings / segment, manufactured in one or more parts, housed in one or more grooves made on the outer face of the cylinder, seal the connections between the cylinder, the housing and / or the cylinder head. Depending on the arrangement, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the cylinder naturally seals the sealing rings against the housing. A spring (blade or other) slides under the rings to seal. At the inlet of the casing, on the inlet and the exhaust, the tightness and the direction of flow of the mixture are ensured by non-return valves and / or a distribution. The incidence of the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the cylinder must be taken into account for the circulation of the mixture during the intake and the exhaust. On the intake, the cylinder light is oriented, preferably, towards the inside of the housing or towards the cylinder head, while that of exhaust towards the outside. By creating a connection between the cylinder and the mechanical system, the drive guide can be deleted.

  The engine time can be exerted on the piston. Criteria for a fixed cylinder mechanical assembly: The angle traveled by each rotary movement of the lever around the central axis corresponds to a cycle time. It is a function of the relief that presents the profile of the cam and the dimensions of the balance. The sum of these angles traveled per revolution of the central axis is equal to 360 degrees. For a given angle, the piston stroke is a function of the distance between the central axis and the axis of the piston. To reduce the profile of the cam, it reduces its number of times per revolution of the central axis by increasing its rotation speed by a set of multiplier gears. A multiplier can serve one or more mechanical systems.

  The energy producing or transformer time is made by the piston provided with a lever and passes through the central axis using a connection of the freewheel and / or electromagnetic type or toothed sector whose number corresponds to the number of times motors per revolution of the central axis. When the device comprises more than two diametrically opposed cylinders, the mechanical system comprises two freewheels and / or two electromagnetic links in the direction of inverted motricity. In the case of a movement generated by a member external to the machine, its transmission can pass from the shaft is output to the central axis and then by the mechanical system that actuates the lever and the piston in the cylinder. The assembly of this fixed cylinder mechanical assembly seems complex when it comprises a single cylinder. It takes all its value with a plurality of cylinders, rectilinear and / or toric, because a common mechanical system can organize the kinematics of the assembly, resulting in a reduced number of parts and a significant decrease in volume. Advantages of the mechanical assembly according to the invention: • Performance improvement: Optimum and prolonged driving force for the entire duration of the producer or energy transformer time - high engine torque from low speeds. • Reduction of the volume of the machine. • Possibility of a modular installation of the housings. • Easier assembly / disassembly and maintenance. • Fuel economy and pollutant emissions.

  The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention: FIG. 1 schematically represents the basic composition of the mechanical assembly. FIG. 2 represents a view of a rotating mechanical assembly equipped with a mechanical system comprising a set of variable-radius gears. FIG. 3 represents a view of a rotating mechanical assembly equipped with a mechanical system comprising a guide, a rocker, a male cam and a roller. Figure 4 shows a plan view of a rotating mechanical assembly consisting of two cylinders and two O-pistons with rings / sealing ring between the cylinders and the housing. FIG. 5 represents a plan view of a rotating mechanical assembly equipped with a mechanical system comprising a female cam. FIG. 6 shows a view of a mechanical assembly composed of a fixed cylinder and a piston, rectilinear or toric, equipped with a mechanical system comprising a cam, a speed multiplier, a balance wheel, a roller, a transmission of freewheel movement and / or electromagnetic connection. FIG. 7 represents a view of a mechanical assembly with fixed cylinder and piston, rectilinear or toric, equipped with a mechanical system comprising a cam, a rocker, (speed multiplier, not shown), a roller, a toothed sector and two sprockets. FIG. 8 shows an assembly comprising a straight cylinder and a piston of a fixed or rotating mechanical assembly, according to the first or the second version, used for a thermal engine operating on a two-stroke cycle. FIG. 9 shows a mounting comprising a ring and a toric piston of a fixed or rotating mechanical assembly, according to the first or the second version, used for a heat engine operating on a two-stroke cycle. FIG. 10 represents a plan view of a mechanical assembly composed of two times two fixed cylinders and pistons, rectilinear and / or toric, equipped with a common mechanical system with two freewheels and / or two electromagnetic bonds. Figure 11 shows, in section, a toric cylinder consisting of two parts. Figure 12 is a top view, in section, of a two-piece toric cylinder. FIG. 13 represents a modular in-line assembly of housings, in a fixed or rotating composition, each equipped with one or more cylinder / piston assemblies. FIG. 14 shows a modular assembly in parallel of housings, in a fixed or rotating composition, each equipped with one or more cylinder / piston assemblies.

  With reference to these drawings, operation of the mechanical assembly: Schematic representation of a mechanical assembly according to FIG. 1: FIG. 1 shows, schematically, the basic composition and the operation of a fixed or rotating mechanical assembly: a central axis (8), driving or driven according to the embodiment of the machine and connected to an output shaft (45) of a housing (1), rotates or oscillates a lever (12) mounted freely in rotation and provided with a piston (11) which moves in a fixed or rotating cylinder (9). The central axis (8) is equipped with a mechanical system (15) which organizes the kinematics between the parts and controls the operating cycle of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9).

  Operation of a mechanical assembly with rotating cylinder according to Figure 2: the central axis (8), the cylinders (9) and the pinion (23) being connected, they rotate together. The pistons (11) and the lever (12) are free to rotate on the central axis (8). The energy producing or transforming time is exerted on the inner face of the cylinders (9) which, linked to the central axis (8), receive or transmit the movement onto the output shaft (45) leading or driven according to the realization of the machine. The driving force exerted on the cylinders (9) is tangential, hence an optimum efficiency. The mechanical system (15) organizes the kinematics between the parts and prevents any uncontrolled movement of the piston (II) in the cylinder (9). The pinion (23) rotates the pinion (22), the shaft (35) and the variable beam pinion (38) which in turn drives the variable beam pinion (37) to transmit the rotational movement to the lever (12) and the pistons (11). The variation of the spokes of the gears (37-38) causes the acceleration or deceleration of the pistons (11) in the cylinders (9) to compose the operating cycle times. It is this same variation of the rays which determines the angle traveled by the cylinders (9) in the casing (1) for each of the equal or unequal times. A mechanical system (15) can serve one or more cylinder / piston assemblies (9-11). An adjusting device (36) rotates the shaft (35) and the pinions (37-38) or pinions (37-38) around the shaft (35) relative to the central axis (8), to vary the volume of the compression chamber and generate a rate adapted to the immediate needs according to the parameterization of the machine. The control is mechanical and / or fluid and / or electronic, itself controlled by a computer or the central computer. The cylinders (9) have lights for admission, exhaust, injection and ignition. During each cycle, the corresponding lights of the cylinders (9), the housing (1) and / or the yoke (2) are aligned so that the respective functions take place.

  One or more rings / segment (25), housed in one or more grooves formed on the outer face of the rolls (9), seal the connections between the rollers (9), the housing (1) and / or the cylinder head (2). According to the assembly, the centrifugal force naturally plates the rings (25) against the casing (1). A spring (28) (blade or other) slides under the rings (25) to ensure contact and sealing. The embodiment of a two-stroke engine is done taking into account FIGS. 7 and 8. Operation of a mechanical assembly with rotating cylinder according to FIG. 3: Only the mechanical system (15) differs from that of FIG. guide (20), connected to the central axis (8), rotates with it and drives the rocker (17), mounted on the shaft (16), equipped with the return device (24) (spring or other) and roller (18) which, following the profile of the cam (19) generates reciprocating motions or conducted to compose the equal or unequal times of the operating cycle. The rocker (17) transmits to the lever / piston assembly (11-12) these movements through the toothed sectors.

  By acting on the variable profile of the cam (19), it increases the pivoting of the balance (17), the lever (12) and the stroke of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9) to vary the volume of the chamber and generate a compression ratio adapted to the immediate needs according to the setting of the machine. The control is mechanical and / or fluid and / or electronic, itself controlled by a computer or the central computer. The adjusting device (36) can be used keeping a fixed cam profile (19). The embodiment of a two-stroke engine is made taking into account FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 4 represents, in plan view, a mounting of two cylinder / piston assemblies (9-11), with the pistons moving (FIG. ), equipped with sealing rings / segments (25) inserted between the cylinders (9) and the housing (1). This figure does not determine: • The exact position and dimensions of the lights (4 and 5). • The relative position of the pistons (11), with simultaneous or separate explosions and with or without the addition of a steering wheel and / or compensating masses. FIG. 5 represents a plan view of a rotating mechanical assembly equipped with a mechanical system (15) having a cam (19) with a female profile.

  Operation of a mechanical assembly with fixed cylinder according to Figure 6: When the piston (11) is straight, it is connected to the lever (12) via the piston rod (14) which slides in the guide (13). ) and is articulated in (30). When the piston (11) is toric, it connects directly to the lever (12).

  A speed multiplier (44) forming part of the mechanical system (15) consists of a pinion (23) which, connected to the central axis (8), drives the double intermediate gear (22) which rotates the cam (19) and its pinion (21), both mounted free on the central axis (8). It increases the speed of the cam (19) so that its profile composes less time per revolution and attenuates the work of the roller (18). By following the profile of the cam (19), the roller (18) generates reciprocating, driving or driven movements, which make up the equal or unequal times of the operating cycle. 1.1n pendulum (17), equipped with a return device (24) (spring or other) transmits these movements to the lever (12) and the piston (11) via the toothed sectors.

  The lever (12), oscillating about the central axis (8) connected to the output shaft (45), comprises in its articulation a connection of the freewheel (40) and / or electromagnetic (41) type to drive or to be carried out according to the realization of the machine. The embodiment of a two-stroke engine is made taking into account FIGS. 7 and 8. Operation of a mechanical assembly with a fixed cylinder according to FIG. 7: This is the same operation as that of FIG. connection between the central axis leading or driven (8) and the lever (12) is provided by a toothed sector (33). The gears (22-23) ensure the transmission of the driving or driven movement. Figures 8 and 9 show a mounting of the cylinder / piston assembly (9-11) when the mechanical assembly is used for a two-stroke engine, in a fixed or rotating composition, provided with an intake chamber under the piston (11) and a communication duct (42) with the top of the straight cylinder (Figure 8) or the ring (Figure 9). Operation of a mechanical assembly with a fixed cylinder according to FIG. 10: It is identical to that of FIG. 6. It consists of a housing (1) receiving two straight cylinder / piston assemblies (9-11) 25 and / or toric, opposite and linked two by two. Around the central axis (8), driving or driven, oscillates the lever (12) mounted freely in rotation. The pistons (11) diametrically opposed have the same operating direction of the cycle, two in the same direction of rotation as the central axis (8) and the other two in the opposite direction. The articulation of the lever (12) comprises a connection of the freewheel (40) and / or electromagnetic (41) type (see FIG. 6). The lever (12) or the piston rod (13) comprises a rack or toothed sector (31) which allows the second freewheel (40) and / or the second electromagnetic link (41) to receive or transmit the producer or transformer time of energy in opposite direction. The pinion (23), linked to the central axis (8), straightens the direction of rotation of the movement. The cam (19) is provided with a speed multiplier (44) (not shown). This four-cylinder machine (9) can operate with only one mechanical system (15) and has a particularly interesting assembly which reduces the volume and the number of parts. Figures (11-12) show a toric cylinder consisting of two parts to facilitate its machining. This type of cylinder allows a substantial volume gain compared to a straight cylinder and to have a tangential driving force on the axis of the cylinder. Each machine consists of one or more housings (1) each containing a mechanical assembly consisting of one or more cylinder / piston assemblies (9-11), in a fixed or rotating composition according to its embodiment, equipped with one or more mechanical systems (15). The casings (1), mounted in rows (Fig. 13) or in parallel (Fig. 14), are interconnected with or without removable connections (27).

Claims (4)

  1: Mechanical assembly for the production of machines such as heat engines, compressors, equipped with a cylinder, a piston and whose kinematics is included in a housing with output shaft, characterized in that the relative movement between a cylinder ( 9) and a piston (11) is made around a central axis (8), connected to a driving or driven output shaft (45) according to the embodiment of the machine, which central axis (8) is equipped with a mechanical system (15) which consists mainly of parts such as pinions (22-23-37-38), roller (18), cam (19) and according to the freewheel version (40), electromagnetic connection (41) , toothed sector (33), speed multiplier (44), for organizing a kinematics between the aforementioned parts and to control a cycle of operation of the piston (11) 10 in the cylinder (9). 2: Mechanical assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that in a first version the cylinder (9) is connected to the central axis (8), connected to the output shaft (45), to drive or be conducted while rotating with it in the cylindrical or toric housing (1), which cylinder (9) contains in its rotation the piston (11) provided with a lever (12) mounted freely on the central axis (8) and connected to the mechanical system (15) which controls the operating cycle of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9). 3: Mechanical assembly according to claim 1 characterized in that in a second version the cylinder (9) is fixed while the piston (11) and lever (12) are driven by alternating movements, led or led, organized by the system 20 (15), which lever (12) oscillates around the central axis (8) and comprises in its articulation a connection of the freewheel (40) and / or electromagnetic (41) or a toothed sector (33) for driving the central axis (8), linked to the output shaft (45) or to be carried out according to the embodiment of the machine. 4: Mechanical assembly according to claim 1 and 2 characterized in that one or more rings / segments (25) housed in one or more grooves formed on the outer face of the cylinder (9) seal the connections between the cylinder (9), the housing (1) and / or a yoke (2), and a spring (28) (blade or other) is housed under each ring / segment (25) to ensure contact and sealing of the link. Mechanical assembly according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cam (19), forming part of the mechanical system (15), has a smooth or geared contact surface in connection with the roller (18) and / or a fixed or variable profile for determining and / or allowing: • a stroke and a speed of displacement of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9), • a stop of the piston (11), called wedging, at the beginning and / or in during and / or at the end of the stroke, • to have a specific value of the angle traveled by the cylinder (9) for each time of the operating cycle with relative positions of all the 5 lights made in the cylinder ( 9), the housing (1) and / or the cylinder head (2), • an optimum pressure exerted on the inner wall of the cylinder (9) and on the piston (11), for the entire duration of the producer or transformer time of energy, by finding the ideal volume of the compression chamber according to the explosion / hold curve e of the mixing or compression, the timing (s), the stroke and the speed of movement of the piston (11), • a total expulsion of the flue gases during the exhaust phase, • to vary the stroke of the piston (11) and generate a compression ratio adapted to the immediate needs according to the parameterization of the machine using the variable profile or profiles of the cam (19) with mechanical control and / or fluid and / or electronic, itself even controlled by a computer or the central computer. 6: Mechanical assembly according to claims 1, 2 and 5 characterized in that variable spoke gears (37-38) forming part of the mechanical system (15), replace the roller (18) and the cam (19) to fill the same functions. 7: Mechanical assembly according to claims 1 to 3 and 6 characterized in that an adjusting device (36), forming part of the mechanical system (15), rotates: • the balance (17), the pinion (38) or other around the shaft (16 or 35), with respect to the central axis (8) • the shaft (16 or 35) equipped with the balance (17), pinion (38) or other, around the central axis (8), 25 for varying the stroke of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9) and generating a compression ratio adapted to the immediate needs according to the parameterization of the machine, which adjusting device (36), mechanical and / or fluid and / or electronic, is controlled by a computer or the central computer. 8: Mechanical assembly according to claims 1, 2 and 4 to 7 characterized in that the cylinder (9) and the pinion (23) being connected to the central axis (8), they rotate with it and that the pinion ( 22) driven by the pinion (23) rotates the shaft (35) and the variable-radius pinion (38) which drives the variable-radius pinion (37) to transmit the rotary motion to the lever (12) and the piston (11) for composing the operating cycle of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9) and that the adjusting device (36) varies the stroke of the piston (11) in the cylinder (9) to generate a suitable compression ratio to the immediate needs and that one or more rings / segment (25) seal between the cylinder (9), the housing (1) and / or the yoke (2). 9: Mechanical assembly consisting of one or more housings (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that these casings (1) are mounted in rows on a common central axis (8) or several central axes ( 8), concentric and independent, with or without removable connections (27) or in parallel, connected by chain, belt, gears or other, each comprising one or more cylinder / piston assemblies (9-11), in a fixed or rotating composition according to the first or the second version, equipped with one or more mechanical systems (15). 10: Use of a mechanical assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for making machines such as compressors, engines, generators, pumps or other.