FR2714721A1 - Method and installation for liquefying a gas - Google Patents

Method and installation for liquefying a gas Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2714721A1
FR2714721A1 FR9315959A FR9315959A FR2714721A1 FR 2714721 A1 FR2714721 A1 FR 2714721A1 FR 9315959 A FR9315959 A FR 9315959A FR 9315959 A FR9315959 A FR 9315959A FR 2714721 A1 FR2714721 A1 FR 2714721A1
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Prior art keywords
cycle
gas
turbine
compression
pressure
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Granted
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FR9315959A
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French (fr)
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FR2714721B1 (en
Inventor
Darredeau Bernard
Fraysse Philippe
Garot Corinne
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Air Liquide SA
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Air Liquide SA
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Publication date
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Priority to FR9315959A priority Critical patent/FR2714721B1/en
Priority to US08/230,060 priority patent/US5454226A/en
Priority to ES94402787T priority patent/ES2119115T3/en
Priority to EP94402787A priority patent/EP0661505B1/en
Priority to DE69410584T priority patent/DE69410584T2/en
Priority to JP6318424A priority patent/JPH07324857A/en
Priority to CN94107631.8A priority patent/CN1107571A/en
Priority to CA002139304A priority patent/CA2139304A1/en
Publication of FR2714721A1 publication Critical patent/FR2714721A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2714721B1 publication Critical patent/FR2714721B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04339—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air
    • F25J3/04345—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/939—Partial feed stream expansion, air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

Dans ce procédé à deux turbines (11, 13) et à au moins deux étages (9, 10) de compression du gaz de cycle, on alimente les deux turbines (11, 13) à une même pression d'admission, on détend le gaz de cycle dans la turbine chaude (11) jusqu'à une première pression d'échappement, et on détend le gaz de cycle dans la turbine froide (13) jusqu'à une seconde pression d'échappement plus basse que la première pression d'échappement. Application aux installations de distillation d'air.In this process with two turbines (11, 13) and at least two stages (9, 10) for compressing the cycle gas, the two turbines (11, 13) are supplied at the same inlet pressure, the pressure is relaxed. cycle gas in the hot turbine (11) to a first exhaust pressure, and the cycle gas in the cold turbine (13) is expanded to a second exhaust pressure lower than the first pressure d 'exhaust. Application to air distillation installations.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé de liquéfaction d'un gazThe present invention relates to a method for liquefying a gas

au moyen d'un cycle frigorifique comprenant une turbine de détente dite  by means of a refrigeration cycle comprising a so-called expansion turbine

"chaude" et une turbine de détente dite "froide" alimen-  "hot" and a so-called "cold" expansion turbine

tées respectivement à une première température et à une  respectively at a first temperature and a

seconde température inférieure à la première température.  second temperature below the first temperature.

L'invention a pour but de fournir un procédé  The object of the invention is to provide a method

de ce type ayant un rendement particulièrement élevé.  of this type having a particularly high yield.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé du type précité, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux étages de compression du gaz de cycle, et en ce qu'on alimente les deux turbines à une même pression d'admission, on détend le gaz de cycle dans la  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a process of the aforementioned type, characterized in that it comprises at least two stages of compression of the cycle gas, and in that the two turbines are fed at the same pressure. admission, it relaxes the cycle gas in the

turbine chaude jusqu'à une première pression d'échappe-  hot turbine until a first exhaust pressure

ment, et on détend le gaz de cycle dans la turbine froide jusqu'à une seconde pression d'échappement plus basse que  and relax the cycle gas in the cold turbine to a second lower exhaust pressure than

la première pression d'échappement.  the first exhaust pressure.

Ce procédé peut comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes: - on renvoie une partie au moins du gaz issu  This process may comprise one or more of the following characteristics: at least a portion of the gas

de chaque turbine à l'aspiration d'un étage de compres-  from each turbine to the suction of a compressor stage

sion; - une partie du gaz de cycle constitue le gaz à liquéfier et est liquéfié après avoir subi les deux étages de compression et éventuellement une compression supplémentaire; - le gaz à liquéfier est de l'air ou un gaz de l'air et est envoyé, après liquéfaction et détente, dans un appareil de distillation d'air; - la pression d'échappement de la turbine froide est une pression de fonctionnement de l'appareil de distillation, une partie au moins du gaz issu de cette turbine froide étant envoyé dans la partie correspondante  if we; a portion of the cycle gas constitutes the gas to be liquefied and is liquefied after having undergone the two compression stages and possibly additional compression; the gas to be liquefied is air or a gas of air and is sent, after liquefaction and expansion, in an air distillation apparatus; the exhaust pressure of the cold turbine is an operating pressure of the distillation apparatus, at least a portion of the gas coming from this cold turbine being sent to the corresponding part

de l'appareil de distillation.of the distillation apparatus.

L'invention a également pour objet une installation de liquéfaction d'un gaz destinée à la mise  The invention also relates to a liquefaction plant for a gas intended for

en oeuvre du procédé défini ci-dessus. Cette installa-  implementation of the method defined above. This facility

tion, du type comprenant une ligne d'échange thermique, une turbine de détente dite "chaude", une turbine de détente dite "froide" et des moyens de compression de  type, comprising a heat exchange line, a so-called "hot" expansion turbine, a so-called "cold" expansion turbine and compression means of

cycle, est caractérisée en ce que les moyens de compres-  cycle, is characterized in that the compression means

sion de cycle comprennent au moins deux étages de compression de cycle en série, les admissions des deux turbines sont reliées au refoulement d'un même étage de compression de cycle, l'échappement de la turbine chaude est relié à l'aspiration d'un étage de compression de cycle, et l'échappement de la turbine froide est relié à l'aspiration d'un étage de compression de cycle inférieur. L'installation ainsi définie peut comporter une ou plusieurs caractéristiques suivantes:  cyclic cycle include at least two series cycle compression stages, the admissions of the two turbines are connected to the discharge of a same cycle compression stage, the exhaust of the hot turbine is connected to the suction of a cycle compression stage, and the exhaust of the cold turbine is connected to the suction of a lower cycle compression stage. The installation thus defined may include one or more of the following characteristics:

- l'aspiration du premier étage de compres-  - the suction of the first stage of compres-

sion de cycle est également reliée au refoulement d'un compresseur principal d'air d'une installation de distillation d'air, et l'échappement de la turbine froide est relié également à une partie d'un appareil de distillation d'air de cette installation qui fonctionne sous la pression d'échappement de cette turbine froide;  cycle is also connected to the discharge of a main air compressor of an air distillation plant, and the exhaust of the cold turbine is also connected to a part of an air distillation apparatus of this installation which operates under the exhaust pressure of this cold turbine;

- l'aspiration du premier étage de compres-  - the suction of the first stage of compres-

sion de cycle est également reliée à une partie d'un appareil de distillation d'air qui fonctionne sous sa pression d'aspiration, et le refoulement du dernier étage de compression de cycle est relié éventuellement via des moyens de compression supplémentaires, à travers la ligne d'échange thermique et un organe de détente, à ladite partie de l'appareil de distillation d'air; - les moyens de compression de cycle sont constitués par un compresseur unique multi-étages, l'échappement de la turbine chaude au moins étant relié à une aspiration inter-étages de ce compresseur; - l'installation comprend en outre un groupe frigorifique de prérefroidissement d'au moins un courant de gaz à turbiner. Des exemples de réalisation de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard du dessin annexé, sur lequel: - la Figure 1 représente schématiquement une  The cycle section is also connected to a portion of an air distillation apparatus which operates under its suction pressure, and the delivery of the last cycle compression stage is optionally connected via additional compression means, through the heat exchange line and an expansion member at said part of the air distillation apparatus; - The cycle compression means are constituted by a single multi-stage compressor, the exhaust of the hot turbine at least being connected to an inter-stage suction of the compressor; - The installation further comprises a pre-cooling refrigeration unit of at least one gas stream to be turbined. Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: - Figure 1 schematically represents a

installation de liquéfaction d'air conforme à l'inven-  air liquefaction system according to the invention.

tion; et - la Figure 2 représente de façon analogue une installation de liquéfaction d'azote conforme à l'invention. Dans chacune des Figures 1 et 2, on a illustré l'application de l'invention à une installation de distillation d'air comprenant une double colonne de distillation d'air 1 et une ligne d'échange thermique 2  tion; and FIG. 2 is a similar representation of a nitrogen liquefaction plant according to the invention. In each of Figures 1 and 2, there is illustrated the application of the invention to an air distillation plant comprising a double air distillation column 1 and a heat exchange line 2

du type à échange de chaleur indirect et à contre-  of the indirect heat exchange type and against

courant. La double colonne 1 comprend elle-même une colonne moyenne pression 3 surmontée d'une colonne basse  current. The double column 1 itself comprises a medium pressure column 3 surmounted by a low column

pression 4 et couplée à celle-ci par un vaporisateur-  pressure 4 and coupled thereto by a vaporizer-

condenseur 5. Toutefois, on n'a représenté aux Figures 1 et 2 que les parties de l'installation de distillation d'air concernées par la présente invention, et en particulier le cycle de liquéfaction, mais on comprend  condenser 5. However, FIGS. 1 and 2 show only the parts of the air distillation plant concerned by the present invention, and in particular the liquefaction cycle, but it is understood that

que l'installation comporte également toutes les condui-  that the installation also includes all the driving

tes et tous les équipements habituels nécessaires pour la production de gaz de l'air par distillation. Dans le cas de la Figure 1, le gaz liquéfié est de l'air à traiter, tandis que dans le cas de la Figure 2, le gaz  and all the usual equipment necessary for the production of gas from the air by distillation. In the case of Figure 1, the liquefied gas is air to be treated, while in the case of Figure 2, the gas is

liquéfié est de l'azote.liquefied is nitrogen.

Dans l'exemple de la Figure 1, l'installation comprend un compresseur principal 6 d'air atmosphérique, un appareil 7 d'épuration d'air en eau et en anhydride carbonique par adsorption, un compresseur de cycle 8 à deux étages 9 et 10 en série, une turbine chaude 11 freinée par un alternateur 12, et une turbine froide 13  In the example of FIG. 1, the installation comprises a main compressor 6 of atmospheric air, a device 7 for purifying air in water and adsorbing carbon dioxide, a cycle compressor 8 with two stages 9 and 10 in series, a hot turbine 11 braked by an alternator 12, and a cold turbine 13

freinée par un alternateur 14.braked by an alternator 14.

En fonctionnement, l'air atmosphérique à traiter est comprimé en 6 jusqu'à la moyenne pression P1, qui est la pression de fonctionnement de la colonne 3 et qui est typiquement comprise entre 5 et 6 bars absolus, puis est épuré en 7 et comprimé de nouveau en 9 à une pression intermédiaire P2 puis en 10 jusqu'à une haute pression de cycle P3, typiquement de l'ordre de 30 à 100  In operation, the atmospheric air to be treated is compressed at 6 to the medium pressure P1, which is the operating pressure of the column 3 and which is typically between 5 and 6 bars absolute, then is purified at 7 and compressed again at 9 at an intermediate pressure P2 and at 10 until a high cycle pressure P3, typically of the order of 30 to 100

bars absolus.Absolute bars.

Une première fraction de l'air à cette haute  A first fraction of the air at this high

pression de cycle P3 est refroidie jusqu'à une tempéra-  P3 cycle pressure is cooled to a temperature of

ture intermédiaire T1 dans la partie chaude de la ligne d'échange thermique 2, puis sortie de celle-ci et introduite dans la turbine chaude 11. Elle ressort de cette dernière à la pression d'inter-étages P2 du compresseur 8, est réchauffée Jusqu'à la température ambiante dans la partie chaude de la ligne d'échange thermique, et est renvoyée à l'admission du second étage  intermediate T1 in the hot part of the heat exchange line 2, then out of the latter and introduced into the hot turbine 11. It emerges from the latter at the pressure of inter-stages P2 of the compressor 8, is heated Up to room temperature in the hot part of the heat exchange line, and is returned to the second floor inlet

du même compresseur 8.from the same compressor 8.

Le reste de l'air à la haute pression de  The rest of the air at the high pressure of

cycle P3 est refroidi en 2 jusqu'à une seconde tempéra-  cycle P3 is cooled in 2 to a second temperature.

ture intermédiaire T2 inférieure à T1. A cette températu-  intermediate T2 less than T1. At this temperature

re, une partie de l'air est sortie de la ligne d'échange thermique et introduite dans la turbine froide 13, d'o elle ressort à la moyenne pression P1 et à la température du bout froid de la ligne d'échange thermique. Cet air turbiné est pour partie réchauffé en 15 du bout froid au bout chaud de la ligne d'échange thermique et renvoyé à l'aspiration du premier étage 9 du compresseur 8, et pour partie envoyé en cuve de la colonne 3. Le reste de l'air haute pression refroidi jusqu'à la température T2 poursuit son refroidissement en 16 jusqu'au bout froid de la ligne d'échange thermique 2, ce qui provoque sa liquéfaction, puis est détendu à la moyenne pression P1 dans une vanne de détente 17 et est envoyé en cuve de la  re, a portion of the air is removed from the heat exchange line and introduced into the cold turbine 13, where it emerges at the medium pressure P1 and at the temperature of the cold end of the heat exchange line. This turbined air is partly heated in 15 from the cold end to the hot end of the heat exchange line and returned to the suction of the first stage 9 of the compressor 8, and partly sent to the bottom of the column 3. The rest of the high-pressure air cooled to the temperature T2 continues its cooling in 16 to the cold end of the heat exchange line 2, which causes its liquefaction, then is relaxed at the medium pressure P1 in an expansion valve 17 and is sent to the tank of the

colonne 3.column 3.

Comme représenté en traits interrompus sur la Figure 1, on peut utiliser un groupe frigorifique 18 pour prérefroidir l'un au moins des deux courants d'air haute  As shown in broken lines in FIG. 1, it is possible to use a refrigeration unit 18 to pre-cool at least one of the two high air currents.

pression issus du compresseur 8.pressure from the compressor 8.

L'énergie électrique produite par les deux turbines dans les alternateurs 12 et 14 peut être  The electrical energy produced by the two turbines in the alternators 12 and 14 can be

utilisée pour l'entraînement du compresseur de cycle 8.  used for driving the cycle compressor 8.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la Figure 2, le cycle frigorifique sert à liquéfier de l'azote soutiré en tête de la colonne moyenne pression 3. Le compresseur de cycle 8 est un compresseur d'azote à trois étages, dont les premiers étages 9 et 10 correspondent aux deux étages 9 et 10 de la Figure 1 et sont suivis d'un étage supplémentaire 19 en série délivrant l'azote à liquéfier sous une haute pression de liquéfaction P4 supérieure à  In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the refrigeration cycle is used to liquefy the nitrogen withdrawn at the top of the medium pressure column 3. The cycle compressor 8 is a three-stage nitrogen compressor, the first stages of which 9 and 10 correspond to the two stages 9 and 10 of Figure 1 and are followed by an additional stage 19 in series delivering the nitrogen to be liquefied under a higher liquefaction pressure P4 than

la plus haute pression P3 du cycle.the highest pressure P3 of the cycle.

Comme précédemment, la turbine chaude 11 et la turbine froide 13 sont toutes deux alimentées par le gaz issu du deuxième étage 10, et le gaz issu de la turbine 11 est renvoyé à l'aspiration de ce deuxième étage 10. Toutefois, dans ce cas, la totalité du gaz issu de la turbine froide 13 est réuni à l'azote soutiré de la tête de la colonne 3 via une conduite 20, réchauffé en 2 jusqu'à la température ambiante et renvoyé à l'aspiration du premier étage 9. De plus, l'azote issu de l'étage 10 qui n'est pas envoyé aux turbines est comprimé de nouveau en 19, puis refroidi du bout chaud au bout froid de la ligne d'échange thermique, ce qui provoque sa liquéfaction. Ensuite, cet azote liquide haute pression est détendu à la moyenne pression dans une vanne de détente 21 et introduit en reflux en tête de la  As previously, the hot turbine 11 and the cold turbine 13 are both supplied by the gas from the second stage 10, and the gas from the turbine 11 is returned to the suction of the second stage 10. However, in this case all the gas from the cold turbine 13 is combined with the nitrogen withdrawn from the top of the column 3 via a pipe 20, heated to 2 to room temperature and returned to the suction of the first stage 9. In addition, the nitrogen from the stage 10 which is not sent to the turbines is compressed again at 19, then cooled from the hot end to the cold end of the heat exchange line, which causes its liquefaction. Then, this high pressure liquid nitrogen is expanded at the medium pressure in an expansion valve 21 and introduced into reflux at the head of the

colonne 3.column 3.

Dans chacun des modes de réalisation ci-  In each of the embodiments

dessus, l'alimentation des deux turbines à des tempéra-  above, feeding the two turbines at temperatures of

tures décalées T1 et T2 mais à la même pression, et leur échappement à deux pressions différentes P1 et P2, dont  shifts T1 and T2 but at the same pressure, and their exhaust at two different pressures P1 and P2, of which

une pression plus basse pour la turbine froide, condui-  lower pressure for the cold turbine, leading to

sent à un rendement élevé du cycle de liquéfaction. De  at a high efficiency of the liquefaction cycle. Of

plus, l'utilisation d'un compresseur de cycle multi-  more, the use of a multi-cycle compressor

étages 8 apporte une simplification de l'installation et  floors 8 brings a simplification of the installation and

un avantage substantiel du point de vue de l'investisse-  a substantial advantage from the point of view of investment

ment.is lying.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Procédé de liquéfaction d'un gaz au moyen d'un cycle frigorifique comprenant une turbine de détente dite "chaude" (11) et une turbine de détente dite "froide" (13) alimentées respectivement à une première température (T1) et à une seconde température (T2) inférieure à la première température, le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins deux étages (9, ) de compression de gaz de cycle, et en ce qu'on alimente les deux turbines (11, 13) à une même pression d'admission (P3), on détend le gaz de cycle dans la turbine chaude (11) jusqu'à une première pression d'échappement (P2), et on détend le gaz de cycle dans la turbine froide (13) jusqu'à une seconde pression d'échappement (P1) plus basse que la première pression  1 - Process for liquefying a gas by means of a refrigeration cycle comprising a so-called "hot" expansion turbine (11) and a so-called "cold" expansion turbine (13) respectively supplied at a first temperature (T1) and at a second temperature (T2) lower than the first temperature, the method being characterized in that it comprises at least two stages (9,) of cycle gas compression, and that the two turbines (11 , 13) at the same inlet pressure (P3), the cycle gas is expanded in the hot turbine (11) to a first exhaust pressure (P2), and the cycle gas is expanded in the turbine cold (13) up to a second exhaust pressure (P1) lower than the first pressure d'échappement (P2).exhaust (P2). 2 - Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on renvoie une partie au moins du gaz issu de chaque turbine (11, 13) à l'aspiration d'un  2 - Process according to claim 1, characterized in that returns at least a portion of the gas from each turbine (11, 13) to the suction of a étage de compression (10, 9).compression stage (10, 9). 3 - Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie du gaz de cycle constitue le gaz à liquéfier et est liquéfié après avoir subi les  3 - Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a portion of the cycle gas constitutes the gas to be liquefied and is liquefied after undergoing the deux étages de compression et éventuellement une compres-  two stages of compression and possibly a compres- sion supplémentaire (en 19).additional contribution (in 19). 4 - Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des  4 - Process according to any one of revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le gaz à  Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the gas liquéfier est de l'air ou un gaz de l'air et est envoyé, après liquéfaction et détente (en 17; 21), dans un  liquefying is air or a gas of air and is sent, after liquefaction and relaxation (in 17; 21), in a appareil de distillation d'air (1).air distillation apparatus (1). - Procédé suivant les revendications 3 et  - Process according to claims 3 and 4 prises ensemble, caractérisé en ce que la pression d'échappement de la turbine froide (13) est une pression de fonctionnement de l'appareil de distillation (1), une partie au moins du gaz issu de cette turbine froide étant envoyé dans la partie correspondante (3) de l'appareil  4 taken together, characterized in that the exhaust pressure of the cold turbine (13) is an operating pressure of the distillation apparatus (1), at least a portion of the gas from said cold turbine being fed into the corresponding part (3) of the apparatus de distillation.distillation. 6 - Installation de liquéfaction d'un gaz, du type comprenant une ligne d'échange thermique (2), une turbine de détente dite "chaude (11), une turbine de détente dite "froide" (12) et des moyens de compression  6 - Liquefaction plant for a gas, of the type comprising a heat exchange line (2), a so-called "hot" expansion turbine (11), a so-called "cold" expansion turbine (12) and compression means de cycle, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de compres-  cycle, characterized in that the compression means sion de cycle comprennent au moins deux étages de compression de cycle (9, 10) en série, les admissions des deux turbines (11, 13) sont reliées au refoulement d'un même étage (10) de compression de cycle, l'échappement de la turbine chaude (11) est relié à l'aspiration d'un étage (10) de compression de cycle, et l'échappement de la turbine froide (13) est relié à l'aspiration d'un  at least two cycle compression stages (9, 10) in series, the admissions of the two turbines (11, 13) are connected to the discharge of the same cycle compression stage (10), the exhaust the hot turbine (11) is connected to the suction of a cycle compression stage (10), and the exhaust of the cold turbine (13) is connected to the suction of a étage de compression de cycle inférieur (9).  lower cycle compression stage (9). 7 - Installation suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'aspiration du premier étage de  7 - Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the suction of the first stage of compression de cycle (9) est également reliée au refoule-  cycle compression (9) is also connected to the ment d'un compresseur principal d'air (6) d'une installa-  a main air compressor (6) of an installation tion de distillation d'air, et l'échappement de la turbine froide (13) est également relié à une partie (3)  air distillation, and the exhaust of the cold turbine (13) is also connected to a portion (3) d'un appareil de distillation d'air (1) de cette instal-  of an air distillation apparatus (1) of this plant lation qui fonctionne sous la pression d'échappement de  lation that operates under the exhaust pressure of cette turbine froide.this cold turbine. 8 - Installation suivant la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que l'aspiration du premier étage de compression de cycle (9) est également reliée à une partie (3) d'un appareil de distillation d'air (1) qui  8 - Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the suction of the first cycle compression stage (9) is also connected to a portion (3) of an air distillation apparatus (1) which fonctionne sous sa pression d'aspiration, et le refoule-  operates under its suction pressure, and pushes it back ment du dernier étage de compression de cycle (10) est relié, éventuellement via des moyens de compression supplémentaires (19), à travers la ligne d'échange thermique (2) et un organe de détente (21), à ladite  of the last cycle compression stage (10) is connected, possibly via additional compression means (19), through the heat exchange line (2) and an expansion member (21), to said partie (3) de l'appareil de distillation d'air.  part (3) of the air distillation apparatus. 9 - Installation suivant l'une quelconque des  9 - Installation according to any one of revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les moyens  Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the means de compression de cycle (9, 10) sont constitués par un compresseur unique multi-étages, l'échappement de la turbine chaude (11) au moins étant relié à une aspiration  of cycle compression (9, 10) are constituted by a single multi-stage compressor, the exhaust of the hot turbine (11) at least being connected to a suction inter-étages de ce compresseur.inter-stages of this compressor. - Installation suivant l'une quelconque  - Installation according to any one des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle  Claims 6 to 9, characterized in that comprend en outre un groupe frigorifique (18) de prére-  further comprises a refrigeration unit (18) for pre- froidissement d'au moins un courant de gaz à turbiner.  cooling of at least one stream of gas to be turbined.
FR9315959A 1993-12-31 1993-12-31 Method and installation for liquefying a gas. Expired - Fee Related FR2714721B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9315959A FR2714721B1 (en) 1993-12-31 1993-12-31 Method and installation for liquefying a gas.
US08/230,060 US5454226A (en) 1993-12-31 1994-04-21 Process and plant for liquefying a gas
EP94402787A EP0661505B1 (en) 1993-12-31 1994-12-05 Process and installation for the liquefaction of a gas
DE69410584T DE69410584T2 (en) 1993-12-31 1994-12-05 Process and device for gas liquefaction
ES94402787T ES2119115T3 (en) 1993-12-31 1994-12-05 PROCEDURE AND INSTALLATION OF LIQUEFACTION OF A GAS.
JP6318424A JPH07324857A (en) 1993-12-31 1994-12-21 Method and plant for liquefying gas
CN94107631.8A CN1107571A (en) 1993-12-31 1994-12-27 Process and plant for liquefying a gas
CA002139304A CA2139304A1 (en) 1993-12-31 1994-12-29 Gas liquefaction process and plant

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FR2714721B1 FR2714721B1 (en) 1996-02-16

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JP (1) JPH07324857A (en)
CN (1) CN1107571A (en)
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DE (1) DE69410584T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2119115T3 (en)
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EP0661505B1 (en) 1998-05-27
DE69410584D1 (en) 1998-07-02
EP0661505A1 (en) 1995-07-05
JPH07324857A (en) 1995-12-12
CN1107571A (en) 1995-08-30
DE69410584T2 (en) 1999-03-04
CA2139304A1 (en) 1995-07-01
ES2119115T3 (en) 1998-10-01
FR2714721B1 (en) 1996-02-16
US5454226A (en) 1995-10-03

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