FR2703366A1 - Process for chemical pretreatment, before galvanising, of steel sheets distinguished by a specific content of silicon and of phosphorus - Google Patents

Process for chemical pretreatment, before galvanising, of steel sheets distinguished by a specific content of silicon and of phosphorus Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2703366A1
FR2703366A1 FR9303842A FR9303842A FR2703366A1 FR 2703366 A1 FR2703366 A1 FR 2703366A1 FR 9303842 A FR9303842 A FR 9303842A FR 9303842 A FR9303842 A FR 9303842A FR 2703366 A1 FR2703366 A1 FR 2703366A1
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pretreatment
phosphorus
distinguished
silicon
steel sheets
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FR9303842A
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FR2703366B1 (en
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Schmitz Thierry
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Electro Recherche SARL
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Electro Recherche SARL
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/34Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
    • C25D5/36Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C23C18/34Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
    • C23C18/36Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

Process for chemical pretreatment, before galvanising, of steel sheets distinguished by a particular silicon and phosphorus content, characterised in that the article to be treated, pickled and degreased beforehand, is immersed for approximately 15 to 30 minutes in a nickel bath containing an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal hypophosphite at a temperature of between 80 and 100 DEG C, preferably between 85 and 95 DEG C, so as to coat this article with a pretreatment layer which has a maximum thickness of approximately 10 mu m and a phosphorus content of between 1 and 20 %.

Description

" Procédé de pré-traitement chimique avant galvanisa
tion de tôles d'acier se distinguant par une teneur
particulière en silicium et en phosphore
La présente invention concerne un procédé de pré-traitement chimique avant galvanisation de tôles d'acier se distinguant par une teneur particulière en silicium et en phosphore.
"Chemical pre-treatment process before galvanizing
tion of steel sheets distinguished by a content
particular in silicon and phosphorus
The present invention relates to a chemical pre-treatment process before galvanizing steel sheets, distinguished by a particular content of silicon and phosphorus.

Il est bien connu que, dans tous les domaines de l'industrie tels qu'à titre d'exemple l'automobile, l'électroménager, la conserverie ..., il est nécessaire de protéger les pièces en fer, en fonte ou en acier contre la corrosion. It is well known that, in all areas of industry such as, for example, the automobile, household appliances, canning, etc., it is necessary to protect the iron, cast iron or steel against corrosion.

Parmi les procédés les plus couramment utilisés pour effectuer cette protection, on peut mentionner la galvanisation qui est connue depuis déjà de nombreuses dizaines d'années. Among the processes most commonly used to perform this protection, mention may be made of galvanization which has been known for many decades.

Cette opération qui consiste à recouvrir les pièces à protéger d'une couche de protection à base de zinc peut s'effectuer soit par trempage dans un bain de zinc fondu (ou enduction au rouleau), soit par électro-zingage. Le dépôt, qui doit être d'épaisseur contrôlée, peut ou non être réalisé sur toutes les faces de la pièces. Il est constitué de zinc pur ou additionné d'éléments tels, qu'à titre d'exemple, le nickel, l'aluminium, l'étain, le cuivre, le plomb, le fer ou encore le cobalt. This operation, which consists in covering the parts to be protected with a zinc-based protective layer, can be carried out either by dipping in a bath of molten zinc (or coating with a roller), or by electro-galvanizing. The deposit, which must be of controlled thickness, may or may not be carried out on all the faces of the part. It consists of pure zinc or with the addition of elements such as, for example, nickel, aluminum, tin, copper, lead, iron or even cobalt.

Pour donner satisfaction, l'opération de galvanisation doit permettre d'obtenir un revêtement ayant un aspect brillant et une épaisseur homogène, généralement de l'ordre de 35 à 40 pm. To give satisfaction, the galvanizing operation must make it possible to obtain a coating having a shiny appearance and a uniform thickness, generally of the order of 35 to 40 μm.

Or, si tous les aciers non alliés et les fontes malléables peuvent subir de manière satisfaisante l'opération de galvanisation, il n'en est pas de même de certains aciers alliés, notamment des aciers présentant de fortes teneurs en silicium ou en phosphore : dans le cas de tels aciers, l'opération de galvanisation aboutit en effet à l'obtention de revêtement ayant un aspect gris marbré et mat non satisfaisant du point de vue de l'esthétique ; de plus, la présence dans l'acier à traiter de teneurs particulières en silicium et en phosphore tend à accélérer la croissance des couches d'alliage zincfer, d'où il résulte que les revêtements obtenus sont plus épais (jusqu'à 50 à 200 pm) et moins résistants aux chocs (risques d'écaillage sous chocs pontuels). However, if all non-alloy steels and malleable cast irons can undergo the galvanizing operation in a satisfactory manner, it is not the same for certain alloy steels, in particular steels having high contents of silicon or phosphorus: in in the case of such steels, the galvanizing operation results in fact in obtaining a coating having a mottled gray and matt appearance which is unsatisfactory from the point of view of aesthetics; moreover, the presence in the steel to be treated of particular contents of silicon and phosphorus tends to accelerate the growth of the layers of zincfer alloy, where it results that the coatings obtained are thicker (up to 50 to 200 pm) and less resistant to impact (risk of chipping under pontic impact).

Pour éviter ces phénomènes, on a défini des normes auxquelles doivent satisfaire les aciers destinés à être galvanisés (Norme NF A 35-503). Cette dernière norme définit, pour les aciers calmés, deux classes en fonction de leur teneur en silicium et en phosphore
Classe 1 : Si < 0,03 % et Si + 2,5 P s 0,09 % Classe 2 : Si < S 0,04 % et Si + 2,5 P s 0,11 0, il %.
To avoid these phenomena, standards have been defined which steels intended to be galvanized must meet (Standard NF A 35-503). This last standard defines two classes for quenched steels according to their silicon and phosphorus content.
Class 1: If <0.03% and Si + 2.5 P s 0.09% Class 2: If <S 0.04% and Si + 2.5 P s 0.11 0, it%.

Ces classes ont été définies en fonction d'éléments statistiques de répartition des teneurs en silicium et en phosphore. These classes have been defined on the basis of statistical elements for the distribution of silicon and phosphorus contents.

Il est généralement admis que les aciers, ayant des teneurs en silicium et en phosphore supérieures à celles susmentionnées, ne peuvent pas être galvanisés de manière satisfaisante et même que, dans le cas des aciers de classe 2, lorsque les teneurs sont proches des limites maximales, il peut subsister quelques risques d'obtenir un revêtement mat et marbré plus épais. It is generally accepted that steels, having silicon and phosphorus contents higher than those mentioned above, cannot be galvanized in a satisfactory manner and even that, in the case of class 2 steels, when the contents are close to the maximum limits , there may still be some risk of obtaining a thicker matt and marbled coating.

La présente invention a pour objet de remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant un procédé de pré-traitement chimique de tôles d'acier se distinguant par une teneur particulière en silicium et en phosphore permettant d'obtenir, après galvanisation dans un bain classique constitué par du zinc en fusion, pur ou avec additifs, un revêtement ayant une épaisseur homogène de 35 à 40 pin, ainsi qu'un aspect uniforme non marbré et brillant largement satisfaisant du point de vue de l'esthétique. The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a process for the chemical pre-treatment of steel sheets which is distinguished by a particular silicon and phosphorus content which makes it possible to obtain, after galvanization in a conventional bath consisting of zinc in fusion, pure or with additives, a coating with a homogeneous thickness of 35 to 40 pine, as well as a uniform non-marbled and shiny appearance largely satisfactory from the point of view of aesthetics.

Conformément à l'invention, ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que l'on plonge la pièce à traiter, préalablement décapée et dégraissée, pendant environ 15 à 30 minutes dans un bain de nickel contenant un hypophosphite alcalin ou alcalino-terreux à une température comprise entre 80 et 100ex, de préférence, entre 85 et 95 C, de façon à revêtir cette pièce d'une couche de pré-traitement ayant une épaisseur maximale d'environ 10 pm et une teneur en phosphore comprise entre 1 et 20 %. According to the invention, this process is characterized in that the part to be treated is immersed, previously pickled and degreased, for approximately 15 to 30 minutes in a nickel bath containing an alkaline or alkaline-earth hypophosphite at a temperature comprised between 80 and 100ex, preferably between 85 and 95 C, so as to coat this part with a pretreatment layer having a maximum thickness of approximately 10 μm and a phosphorus content of between 1 and 20%.

I1 a en effet été démontré par l'expérience que cette couche de pré-traitement intermédiaire est largement de nature à garantir l'uniformité, l'homogénéité et la résistance aux chocs de la couche de galvanisation finalement obtenue. I1 has indeed been shown by experience that this intermediate pre-treatment layer is largely likely to guarantee the uniformity, homogeneity and impact resistance of the galvanizing layer finally obtained.

De manière plus précise, avant de subir le pré-traitement conforme à l'invention, les tôles doivent être soigneusement dégraissées et décapées ces opérations peuvent, à titre d'exemple, correspondre à un dégraissage chimique à l'aide d'une lessive alcaline pendant environ 20 mn à environ 60"C, puis à un rinçage suivi d'un décapage dans l'acide chlorhydrique à 50 % également pendant environ 20 mn mais à environ 20 C.  More precisely, before undergoing the pre-treatment in accordance with the invention, the sheets must be carefully degreased and pickled. These operations may, for example, correspond to chemical degreasing using an alkaline detergent. for about 20 min at about 60 "C, then a rinse followed by pickling in 50% hydrochloric acid also for about 20 min but at about 20 C.

Le pré-traitement conforme à l'invention doit lui même être suivi d'un rinçage et d'un fluxage précédant l'opération de galvanisation. The pretreatment according to the invention must itself be followed by rinsing and fluxing before the galvanizing operation.

L'expérience a permis de constater que le pH du bain de pré-traitement devait être compris entre 3,5 et 5,5, de préférence entre 4 et 5. Experience has shown that the pH of the pre-treatment bath should be between 3.5 and 5.5, preferably between 4 and 5.

La vitesse de dépôt ainsi obtenue est de l'ordre de 20 pin par heure. The deposition speed thus obtained is of the order of 20 pin per hour.

Selon une autre caractéristique de 1 'inven- tion, le bain de pré-traitement contient du sulfate de nickel ; celui-ci peut être, de façon satisfaisante, ajouté sous forme d'hexa ou d'heptahydraté et en une quantité comprise entre 25 et 50 g/l. According to another characteristic of the invention, the pretreatment bath contains nickel sulfate; this can be satisfactorily added in the form of hexa or heptahydrate and in an amount between 25 and 50 g / l.

Le rôle de ce sulfate de nickel est de modifier la surface de la tôle à traiter dans le but d'améliorer les conditions d'adhérence de la couche de galvanisation. The role of this nickel sulfate is to modify the surface of the sheet to be treated in order to improve the adhesion conditions of the galvanizing layer.

Selon une autre caractéristique de 1 'inven- tion, le bain de pré-traitement contient entre 15 et 35 g/l d'hypophosphite de sodium. According to another characteristic of the invention, the pretreatment bath contains between 15 and 35 g / l of sodium hypophosphite.

La présence de ce composé a pour rôle de réduire Ni2+ en Ni métal. The role of this compound is to reduce Ni2 + to Ni metal.

Selon une autre caractéristique de 1 'inven- tion, le bain de pré-traitement contient entre 20 et 40 g/l d'acide lactique. According to another characteristic of the invention, the pretreatment bath contains between 20 and 40 g / l of lactic acid.

Cet acide a pour rôle de complexer le nickel (Ni2+)
Conformément à une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, on a pu galvaniser de manière satisfaisante des aciers au silicium et au phosphore dans lesquels Si ' < 0,04 % et Si + 2,5 P < 0,11 % en utilisant un bain ayant la composition suivante NiSO4 6H20 36 - 38 g/l
Hydroxyde de sodium 1 - 2 g/l
Acide lactique 27 - 29 g/l
Mercapto benzotriazol 2 - 4 mg/l
Acide acétique 8 - 10 g/l
Acide citrique 3 - 4 g/l
Sulfate de cadmium 2 - 3 mg/l
Hypophosphite de Na 20 - 30 g/l
Solution d'ammoniaque
à 20 % en poids 6 - 8 cm3/l.
The role of this acid is to complex nickel (Ni2 +)
In accordance with a preferred characteristic of the invention, it has been possible to galvanize satisfactorily silicon and phosphorus steels in which Si '<0.04% and Si + 2.5 P <0.11% using a bath having the following composition NiSO4 6H20 36 - 38 g / l
Sodium hydroxide 1 - 2 g / l
Lactic acid 27 - 29 g / l
Mercapto benzotriazol 2 - 4 mg / l
Acetic acid 8 - 10 g / l
Citric acid 3 - 4 g / l
Cadmium sulfate 2 - 3 mg / l
Na hypophosphite 20 - 30 g / l
Ammonia solution
at 20% by weight 6 - 8 cm3 / l.

Dans cette composition - l'ammoniaque et l'hydroxyde de sodium ont pour rôle
d'ajuster le pH de la solution, - l'acide acétique et l'acide citrique ont pour rôle
de complexer les ions Ni2+ et de tamponner la
solution au pH de travail, - le mercapto benzotriazol et le sulfate de cadmium
ont pour rôle de stabiliser la réaction de réduction
du Ni+2 et d'éviter l'autocatalyse sans présence de
pièces à métalliser.
In this composition - ammonia and sodium hydroxide have a role
to adjust the pH of the solution, - acetic acid and citric acid have the role
to complex the Ni2 + ions and to buffer the
solution at working pH, - mercapto benzotriazol and cadmium sulphate
have the role of stabilizing the reduction reaction
Ni + 2 and avoid autocatalysis without the presence of
parts to be metallized.

Claims (7)

REVENDICATIONS 1") Procédé de pré-traitement chimique avant galvanisation de tôles d'acier se distinguant par une teneur particulière en silicium et en phosphore, caractérisé en ce que l'on plonge la pièce à traiter, préalablement décapée et dégraissée, pendant environ 15 à 30 minutes dans un bain de nickel contenant un hypophosphite alcalin ou alcalino-terreux à une température comprise entre 80 et 100"C, de préférence, entre 85 et 95"C, de façon à revêtir cette pièce d'une couche de pré-traitement ayant une épaisseur maximale d'environ 10 pm et une teneur en phosphore comprise entre 1 et 20 %. 1 ") Process for chemical pre-treatment before galvanizing steel sheets, distinguished by a particular silicon and phosphorus content, characterized in that the part to be treated is immersed, previously stripped and degreased, for approximately 15 to 30 minutes in a nickel bath containing an alkaline or alkaline earth hypophosphite at a temperature between 80 and 100 "C, preferably between 85 and 95" C, so as to coat this part with a pretreatment layer having a maximum thickness of approximately 10 μm and a phosphorus content of between 1 and 20%. 2 ) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le pH du bain de pré-traitement est compris entre 3,5 et 5,5. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pH of the pre-treatment bath is between 3.5 and 5.5. 3 ) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le bain de pré-traitement contient du sulfate de nickel. 3) Method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the pretreatment bath contains nickel sulfate. 4") Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le bain de pré-traitement contient entre 25 et 50 g/l de sulfate de nickel hexahydraté ou heptahydraté. 4 ") A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the pretreatment bath contains between 25 and 50 g / l of nickel sulfate hexahydrate or heptahydrate. 5 ) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le bain de pré-traitement contient entre 15 et 35 g/l d'hypophosphite de sodium. 5) Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pretreatment bath contains between 15 and 35 g / l of sodium hypophosphite. 6") Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le bain de pré-traitement contient entre 20 et 40 g/l d'acide lactique. 6 ") Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pre-treatment bath contains between 20 and 40 g / l of lactic acid. à 20 % en poids 6 - 8 cm3/l.  at 20% by weight 6 - 8 cm3 / l. Solution d'ammoniaqueAmmonia solution Hypophosphite de Na 20 - 30 g/lNa hypophosphite 20 - 30 g / l Sulfate de cadmium 2 - 3 mg/lCadmium sulfate 2 - 3 mg / l Acide citrique 3 - 4 g/lCitric acid 3 - 4 g / l Acide acétique 8 - 10 g/lAcetic acid 8 - 10 g / l Mercapto benzotriazol 2 - 4 mg/lMercapto benzotriazol 2 - 4 mg / l Acide lactique 27 - 29 g/lLactic acid 27 - 29 g / l Hydroxyde de sodium 1 - 2 g/lSodium hydroxide 1 - 2 g / l NiSO4 6H2O 36 - 38 g/lNiSO4 6H2O 36 - 38 g / l 7") Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le bain de pré-traitement a la composition suivante  7 ") Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pre-treatment bath has the following composition
FR9303842A 1993-04-01 1993-04-01 CHEMICAL PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS BEFORE GALVANIZATION OF STEEL SHEETS DISTINGUISHED BY A PARTICULAR SILICON AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT. Expired - Fee Related FR2703366B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9303842A FR2703366B1 (en) 1993-04-01 1993-04-01 CHEMICAL PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS BEFORE GALVANIZATION OF STEEL SHEETS DISTINGUISHED BY A PARTICULAR SILICON AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9303842A FR2703366B1 (en) 1993-04-01 1993-04-01 CHEMICAL PRE-TREATMENT PROCESS BEFORE GALVANIZATION OF STEEL SHEETS DISTINGUISHED BY A PARTICULAR SILICON AND PHOSPHORUS CONTENT.

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FR2703366A1 true FR2703366A1 (en) 1994-10-07
FR2703366B1 FR2703366B1 (en) 1999-01-22

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB806405A (en) * 1960-04-13 1958-12-23 William Hill Fletcher Tickle Improvements in or relating to the coating of mild steel
FR2187940A1 (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-01-18 Imasa Electroless nickel plating concentrate - contg boric and citric acids
US4131519A (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-12-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Cathode electrocatalyst

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB806405A (en) * 1960-04-13 1958-12-23 William Hill Fletcher Tickle Improvements in or relating to the coating of mild steel
FR2187940A1 (en) * 1972-06-09 1974-01-18 Imasa Electroless nickel plating concentrate - contg boric and citric acids
US4131519A (en) * 1976-08-04 1978-12-26 Ppg Industries, Inc. Cathode electrocatalyst

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