FR2697192A1 - Machine tool for machining by chip removal. - Google Patents

Abstract

To shorten the machining times of parts, in machining by chip removal, by means of a plurality of tools, by means of a machine tool, formed by a plurality of carriages, each with a translation axis and each a controlled motorized drive means for a carriage, it is proposed that a first and a second tool carriage units have three translation axes perpendicular to each other, two by two, and that the Tool spindle units, carried by the tool carriages, pass through a common coordinate space in their movement along corresponding translation axes.

Description

Machine tool for chip removal machining

  The present invention relates to a machine

  tool for machining parts by removing chips using a plurality of tools, comprising a machine frame, a plurality of translation axes, a plurality of carriages movable along the translation axes including a first group is assembled in a first unit of tool carriages and at least a second group in a second unit of tool carriages, so that the first unit and the second unit are movable relative to the machine frame, along of translation axes parallel to each other, and to a translation axis provided on the first unit, there is associated a translation axis parallel to the latter on the second unit, a motorized drive means controlled for each carriage in view of its movement along one of the axes of translation, a first unit of tool spindles carried by the first unit of tool carriages and a second unit of tool spindles carried by the s second unit of tool trolleys, a respective tool spindle unit being movable along each axis of translation provided on the respective tool trolley unit, a workpiece unit and comprising a device for automatic change

  of a tool on a respective tool spindle unit.

  Machine tools with these characteristics are known for example in the form of so-called portal milling machines which, as is known, are

  designed as longitudinal milling machines,

  ie for very specific machining operations If in this case a machining is carried out by means of a plurality of tools, if necessary a first tool is used on a first longitudinal side and a second tool, at the same time , on a second longitudinal side of a part But a relatively large part of the tasks in machining by chip removal consists in carrying out machining on the same side of a part with the most common boring and milling tools various, most of the time machining operations are also necessary in different XY coordinates of an XYZ coordinate system associated with the part and in determined XY coordinates, the use of a plurality of different tools being necessary Or these requirements result in considerable downtime, even when the tool is changed using a

  automatic change device.

  The object of the invention is to propose a machine

  tool for machining parts by removing chips, by means of a plurality of tools, making it possible to carry out a large number of boring and milling operations, with

  machining times as short as possible.

  This object is achieved with a machine tool according to the invention in that the first unit of tool trolleys and the second unit of tool trolleys each have three translation axes perpendicular to each other, two by two, and in that a first partial quantity of coordinates scanned by the first unit of tool spindles during its translation by means of the first unit of tool-carrying carriages, and a second partial quantity of coordinates scanned by the second unit of tool spindles when translated by means of the second unit of tool carriages, have an intersection

  assembly representing a coordinate space.

  With a machine tool designed according to the invention, a shortening of the dead times is obtained in particular, without even increasing the acceleration values or the deceleration values of the feed drives on the axes and without increasing the rapid speed beyond the usual values in the state of the art, which means that the aim sought is obtained by the use of machine and control elements which correspond to the proven prior art. It is also not necessary to shorten the automatic tool change time, which means that it is also possible to use known tool change systems, without the desired results being called into question These considerable advantages result in particular from the fact that with a machine tool according to the invention, a tool change can occur during the main times This possibility results from that, for example during a machining operation using a first tool spindle unit a tool change can be made on a second tool spindle unit, the latter being moved for this purpose in a tool change position Up to at least to some extent, following a tool change on this second tool spindle unit, it is possible to carry out positioning operations on this tool spindle unit, while the first unit is in machining L ' equipment according to the invention of a unit of tool carriages with three axes of translation perpendicular to each other, two by two, proves to be advantageous, as regards the large number of machining possibilities which can be obtained, in particular because the machining operations can be carried out both in horizontal planes and in planes

vertical work.

  The design of a machine tool according to the invention also offers, as a variant, a possible tool change during the main time, with alternating use of a tool spindle unit, in the case of a different use. , the advantages of a machine tool equipped with a multi-spindle head, these advantages translating into a reduction in the main time. For this purpose, it is possible to use a machine tool according to the invention so that first and second tool spindle units are used simultaneously for machining In this case, the advantages obtainable with multi-spindle heads are further exceeded by the possibility of automatic tool change. An embodiment which can be used in a highly diverse manner of a machine tool according to the invention is obtained in that a respective unit of tool carriages comprises an upper carriage carrying a respective tool spindle unit, a central carriage guiding the upper carriage and a lower carriage guiding the central carriage, which lower carriage is guided on the machine frame by means of rectilinear guide members, common to the units

of tool trolleys.

  The advantages cited, justified in the design of a machine according to the invention, however manifest themselves largely in a form of

  embodiment in which the cart units

  tool comprises a respective upper carriage carrying a tool spindle unit, a respective central carriage guiding the upper carriage and a common lower carriage guiding the central carriage, which lower carriage is guided on its side on the machine frame

  by means of rectilinear guide members.

  An advantageous embodiment is also obtained in that a respective tool spindle unit is designed in the manner of a revolver head for the automatic change of a tool thereon. the economy of an additional device for tool change, without having to give up a large number of appropriate tools to use as desired, since the number of tools of various types, put to device with the head revolver thanks to its configuration, is already doubled when two units of tool trolleys are each equipped with a revolver head for the same number of tools. In a variant of the invention it is provided that the revolver head is equipped with spindles at low and high frequencies and that one of these tool spindles is in active connection with a common main drive, controlled, via of a clutch This allows, at least in the case of manufacturing tasks supported in a particular way, to further shorten the machining time by a shortened main time The manufacturing tasks supported in a particular way extend in this case to those in which it is possible to have high cutting speeds for steps

partial processing.

  In a variant of the invention, it is further provided that for a translation axis selected on the tool holder unit, there is provided a translation axis parallel to it on the workpiece unit and that each of the carriages, movable along these axes of translation, there is associated drive means

  motorized, controlled, for the translation of these carriages.

  With a configuration of this type of the subject of the invention, it is possible to obtain, in addition to the shorter machining times already described, another shortening of these, which has repercussions on the times as well dead only at main times A machine tool designed in this way allows in particular a simultaneous movement of a tool spindle unit and a workpiece holder unit, both for positioning operations and for machining operations30 In this case it is possible by simply using the machine and control elements corresponding to the proven state of the art, to obtain considerable shortening of the machining time, the use of these machine elements proven being possible in that instead of varying absolute speeds of the translations of the carriages, one varies relative speeds between a part and a unit of tool spindles. Various other characteristics and advantages of the invention are described below in more detail. Embodiments of the invention are shown in

  title of nonlimiting examples on the appended drawings.

  Figure l is a schematic view of a holder

  tool of a machine tool according to the invention, in a sectional view along line II of Figure 2, Figure 2 is a schematic partial sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1 , Figure 3 is a schematic view of a

  variant according to the invention of a tool spindle unit.

  FIG. 1 shows a tool holder unit 1, which according to the invention comprises a plurality of translation axes and a plurality of carriages movable along these. The tool holder unit 1, placed on a frame of machine 2, comprises a first unit of tool-carrying carriages 3, formed by a first group of carriages and a second unit of tool-carrying carriages 3 ', formed by a second group of carriages In the embodiment shown, the first tool carrier unit 3 and the second tool carrier unit 3 'have a common lower carrier 4 In this case, a translation axis provided for the movement of the first tool carrier unit 3 relative to the frame 2 of the machine and a translation axis parallel to the first, provided for the displacement of the second unit of tool-carrying carriages 3 'relative to the frame 2 of the machine coincide in a common translation axis U, forming an axis U s extending horizon talement For the movement of the lower carriage 4, common to the two units of tool-carrying carriages 3 and 3 ', in the direction of the axis U or in the opposite direction, means are provided on the frame 2 of the machine guide guide 2 1 and motorized drive means 2 2, controlled, shown schematically in the form

of an engine.

  The first and second units of tool carriages 3 and 3 ', joined from a group of the aforementioned carriages, each further comprise a central carriage 5, guided by the lower carriage 4 and each an upper carriage 6, guided by the respective central carriage 5, which carries a respective tool spindle unit 7, 7 's which is shown in the example illustrated in the form of a revolver head, in accordance with another

variant according to the invention.

  The respective central carriage 5 and the respective upper carriage 6 can be moved along another axis of translation For this purpose, there is provided for the two central carriages 5 a translation axis Y forming the axis Y and a translation axis V, parallel to the first, forming an axis V, as well as for the two upper carriages 6 a translation axis W, forming an axis W and a translation axis R, parallel to this, forming an axis R In this case the translation axes Y and V for the central carriages 5 extend vertically and the translation axes W and R for the upper carriages 6 are perpendicular to the translation axis U as well as to the translation axes Y and V In the together, it is therefore provided for each of the two units of tool carriages 3 and 3 ', three axes of translation U, Y, W and U, V, R

  perpendicular to each other, two by two.

  For the translation of the central carriages 5 and the upper carriages 6 along these translation axes Y and V as well as associated W and R, recourse is once again made to rectilinear guide means 4 1 and 5 1 corresponding as well as to motorized, controlled, corresponding drive means 4 2 and 5.2, shown schematically in the form of a respective motor

(see also fig 2).

  As shown in FIG. 2, another group of the carriages mentioned above is combined into a tool holder unit 8 The tool holder unit 8 is also in this case placed on the frame 2 of the machine and includes a longitudinal carriage 5 guided on the frame 2 and a transverse carriage 10, guided by the latter In this case, in a particular variant of the object of the invention, there is a possibility of translation of the longitudinal carriage 9 relative to the frame 2 of the machine along a horizontal axis of translation Z, forming an axis Z, which is parallel to the axes of translation W and R, provided on the tool holder unit 1, while for the transverse carriage 10 there is a possibility of translation with respect to the longitudinal carriage 9, along a horizontal X translation axis, forming an X axis, which is

  parallel to the translation axis U provided on the carrier unit

tool 1.

  For the corresponding translation execution of longitudinal carriages 9 and transverse carriages 10, there is further provided, in a particular variant of the subject of the invention, again rectilinear guide means 2 1 'and 9 1 corresponding as well as motorized, controlled drive means 2 2 ′ and 9 2, represented schematically in the form of motors Overall, a machine tool according to the invention is therefore designed for simultaneous movement

  a tool spindle unit 7, 7 'and the holder unit

  piece 8 along associated axes of translation, with an orientation of these such that for a selected axis of translation on the tool holder unit 1 there is a translation axis parallel to this, on the unit workpiece carrier 8, the simultaneous movement being effected by means of a respective translation axis or of a motorized, controlled, respective drive means, associated with the carriages

mentioned above.

  In an embodiment not shown in the drawings, the two units of tool-carrying carriages 3 and 3 ′ may comprise, instead of a common lower carriage, lower carriages separated from one another, the same means of rectilinear guide 2 1 being provided as common rectilinear guide means for their translation relative to the frame 2 of the machine, but to each of the lower carriages separated from each other being associated with motorized, controlled drive means, individuals, in accordance with the drive means 2 2 provided for the lower carriage 4

  common, represented in the form of a motor.

  FIG. 3 represents an advantageous variant, designated as a whole by 7 ", of a tool spindle unit, designed in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 in the form of a revolver head, in a diagrammatic and detached view of a corresponding tool carriage unit 3, 3 ′ In an embodiment according to the invention, this tool spindle unit 7 "is equipped for the case, provided by way of example, with head equipment revolver with two tools with a low frequency spindle il and a high frequency spindle 12, which are in active connection with a main drive 14 controlled, by

  through a respective clutch 13, 13 '.

  It is understood that the design of the low frequency spindle on the one hand and the high frequency spindle 12 on the other hand is adapted to the usual spindle rotation speeds, which in one case can go up to 10,000 rpm approximately and in the other

  cases, up to around 40,000 revolutions per minute.

  Now it is precisely in the possibility of such an adaptation of construction that there is a decisive advantage of such a variant of the object of the invention compared to a conventional machine tool also equipped with a change device. automatic tool and designed

  for specific machining tasks.

  In FIGS. 1 and 2, it is further indicated by means of zone delimitation lines, drawn in dotted lines, zones which are scanned by a respective tool spindle unit 7, 7 ′ on its possible paths of movement, the along the translation axes provided for the tool holder unit 1 The respective extension of these zones along the translation axes X or U on the one hand and along the translation axes Y or V on the other hand is indicated in FIG. 1, for the first tool cart unit 3, by two-point lines and dashes and, for the second tool cart unit 3 ', by point and dash lines Although in this case in FIG. 1, parts extending horizontally from the zone delimitation lines would partially coincide, in the case of a completely symmetrical construction of the two tool carriage units 3 and 3 ′, the corresponding horizontal parts of the zone delimitation lines have been repr shown in Figure 1 as lines

discreet, for clarity.

  The extension of the zones mentioned along the axes of translation Z or W or R, is represented in FIG. 2 by the width of a rectangle drawn in dotted lines, such

  that it would be obtained in the case of a completely symmetrical construction of the two units of trolleys

  tool 3 and 3 '. A respective zone, swept by the first or second unit of tool spindles 7 or 7 ′, encloses, in accordance with the description made above of its respective extensions, a first or a second partial quantity Tl or T 2 of coordinates, these two partial quantities TI and T 2 being arranged in space, according to the invention, by corresponding reciprocal arrangement of the two units of tool-carrying carriages 3 and 3 ′, so as to form an overall intersection S, representing a coordinate space. To machine a part on a specific side thereof, there is provided, in accordance with the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, a

  reciprocal arrangement of the two cart units

  it tool 3 and 3 ', such that a unit of tool pins 7, 7' penetrates during its translation in a machining direction, in one and the same direction in the volume of coordinates represented by the intersection of assembly S. Furthermore, the carriages included by the tool holder unit 8 (longitudinal carriage 9 and transverse carriage 10) are arranged and movable so that in a position of the workpiece intended for machining on an area of a surface of a workpiece clamped on the tool holder unit 8, the coordinates of said surface zone coincide with coordinates of the intersection

of S mentioned.

  As a result of the equipment according to the invention of the tool trolley units 3 and 3 'each with three axes of translation perpendicular to each other, two by two and as a result of the possibility which results therefrom, already mentioned, to carry out machining operations both in horizontal working planes and in vertical planes, a respective tool spindle unit 7, 7 'can, in the example shown, penetrate during its translation into a machining direction, seen in the direction of figure 2, from the right as well as from above, in a coordinate space forming an intersection

corresponding overall.

_ 12

Claims (4)

  1 Machine tool for machining parts by removing chips using a plurality of tools comprising a machine frame, a plurality of translation axes, a plurality of carriages movable along the translation axes, one of which first group is combined into a first unit of tool-carrying carriages and at least a second group into a second unit of tool-carrying carriages, so that the first unit and the second unit are movable relative to the machine frame, along translation axes which are parallel to each other, and that a translation axis provided on the first unit is associated with a translation axis parallel to the latter on the second unit, a motorized drive means controlled for each carriage for its displacement along one of the axes of translation, a first unit of tool spindles carried by the first unit of tool-carrying carriages and a second unit of spindles of tool carried e by the second tool carriage unit, a respective tool spindle unit being movable along each axis of translation provided on the respective tool carriage unit, a workpiece unit and comprising a device for automatic tool change on a respective tool spindle unit characterized in that the first tool carrier unit (3) and the second tool carrier unit (3 ') each have three axes of translation (U, Y, W and U, V, R) perpendicular to each other, two by two, and in that a first partial quantity Ti of coordinates scanned by the first unit of tool pins (7) during its translation by means of the first unit of tool carriages (3), and a second partial quantity T 2 of coordinates, swept by the second unit of tool spindles (7 ') during its translation by means of the second tool carriage unit (3 '), present attempt a set intersection (S) representing a coordinate space. 2 Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a respective unit carrier trolley unit (3, 3 ') comprises an upper carriage carrying a respective tool spindle unit (7, 7'), a trolley central (5) guiding the upper carriage (6) and a lower carriage (4) guiding the central carriage (5), which lower carriage is guided on the frame (2) of the machine by means of rectilinear guide members (2 1), common   to the tool trolley units (3, 3 ').   3 Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool carriage units (3, 3 ') comprise a respective upper carriage (6) carrying a tool spindle unit (7, 7'), a respective central carriage (5) guiding the upper carriage (6) and a common lower carriage (4), guiding the central carriage (5), which lower carriage is guided on its side on the frame (2) of the machine by means of guide members straight (2 1).   4 machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that a respective tool spindle unit (7, 711) is designed in the manner of a revolver head for   automatic tool change on it.   Machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that the revolver head is equipped with low and high frequency spindles (11 and 12) and in that one of these tool spindles (11, 12) is connected active with a common main drive (14),   controlled, via a clutch (13, 13 ').   6 Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that there is provided for a translation axis selected on the tool holder unit (1) a translation axis parallel to the latter on the workpiece holder unit5 ( 8) and in that each of the carriages, movable along these axes of translation, there is associated means   motorized, controlled drive for the translation of these carriages.