FR2644730A1 - - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an oil press. It relates to an oil press in which seeds to be pressed are placed in a hopper and reach the entrance of a screw 119 so that the seeds form oil and cake. The apparatus is controlled by a single switch MSW and a microprocessor controls the preheating by a device Hi of the pressing cylinder 117 and the operation of the motor M as a function of the presence of seeds to be pressed and of the pressing temperature, determined at l. using suitable sensors. Application to the pressing of sesame seeds.

Description

The present invention relates to a control device by

  microprocessor used in the presses

household electricals% oil.

  The conventional electric oil presses des-

  for household use generally include a drive shaft, a rotatable shaft which is connected to the drive shaft by gears and carries a spiral screw formed around a shrinking body so that the sesame seeds or the like are transported, the screw being placed inside a cylinder, a hopper whose output of the material & press is fixed at the entrance of the rotary shaft screw, a pressed oil outlet fixed below on one side and another exit of the cakes placed below the other side, a heater attached to the inside of the cylinder so that the sesame seeds and the like are heated and allow

  effective oil pressing, an oil container des-

  designed to receive the oil pressed and fixed at the outlet of the cylinder, and another container for receiving the

  cakes and placed at the exit of the cakes.

  When properly dried sesame seeds are placed in the hopper and when energy is

  transmitted, the engine starts to operate and the

  heating system also starts to operate; given the displacement of the motor, the sesame seeds move along the turns of the auger and

are pressed into the cylinder.

  However, in conventional presses, when the switch is closed, the heater and the motor begin to operate simultaneously so that the oil

  begins to be pressed before the cylinder is suf-

  preheated. Thus, sesame seeds, oilcakes and pressed oil coagulate and stick to

  turns of the screw at a temperature below

  suitable erection, and often cause engine overload. Such an overload can cause the engine to stop. Not only is the process of pressing the oil interrupted, but overcurrent can flow into the motor. If these irregularities are not detected,

  they can cause engine damage and

serious deterioration of the press.

  Another problem posed by household presses

  conventional oils is the absence of a con-

  controlling the temperature in the cylinder and adjusting the amount of energy transmitted to the heater so that it is set to the proper temperature. When

  the temperature in the cylinder becomes lower or higher

  than the necessary value while the press is

  the yield of pressed oil decreases. In the most unfavorable cases, if the temperature in the cylinder becomes much lower than that which is necessary, the

  overload and the circulation of an overcurrent, as indicated

  As before, this can cause engine damage and when the temperature becomes much higher than required, the seeds can be roasted so that the resulting oil is of lower quality. In addition, overheating of the cylinder can sometimes propagate to the entry of the sesame seeds and may cause evaporation of the moisture of the sesame seeds which are still deposited in the input area, causing coagulation of the seeds. sesame seeds and clogging the entrance itself. Another problem with the conventional press is the absence of a device for constant monitoring of all the operation of the press. The absence of such a device causes a defect

  opening of the switch rather quickly, at the end of the opera-

  pressing, and maintains the feed

  of the heating element and the motor so that not only

  The energy is wasted, but the press can fail due to overheating.

by the heating element.

  The subject of the invention is essentially a device

  control system for regulating the operation of household electric oil presses. This control device increases the oil yield and increases the

  oil quality by determining the appropriate temperatures

  the cylinder when the press is initially energized, and maintains the proper temperatures throughout the operation. In addition, the control device prevents motor overload and clogging.

the feed inlet.

  The subject of the invention is also a device for controlling a household electric press and oil equipped with a

  control circuit that instantly detects traffic

  overcurrent to the motor and interrupts

  feeding the heating member.

  The invention also relates to a control device for an electric household oil press which regulates the press so that it automatically adapts the feed to

  V or 220 V depending on the power supply required.

  For this purpose, the control device according to the

  The invention uses, as a particular characteristic, a detection device in that the sesame or other seeds which must be pressed have already been introduced into the press, a device for detecting the temperature inside the cylinder, a device cylinder heating means, a power switching device, a microprocessor connected to each of the preceding devices and which, by regulating the output signal of the sesame and temperature seed feed detection device, creates control of the corresponding heating device and the

  switching device of the motor supply.

  The control device according to the invention begins

  to operate as soon as the press is switched on.

  When the press is turned on, the program stored in the microprocessor activates the feed detection device and determines whether sesame seeds have been introduced into the hopper. If sesame seeds have not been introduced into the hopper, the motor does not work. At the time the sesame seeds are placed in the hopper, the microprocessor controls the heater to preheat the cylinder to a temperature suitable for pressing the seeds. The temperature in the cylinder is continuously monitored by the temperature sensing device. As soon as the preheating of the cylinder is completed, the microprocessor controls the motor via the switching device and the pressing of the oil begins. As oil pressing continues, the microprocessor controls the temperature in the cylinder with the aid of the sensing device which determines whether the proper temperatures are maintained, while regulating the operation of the heater so that the

  suitable temperature is obtained at all times.

  So, the best temperature is obtained in the

  cylinder at the beginning and during operation. As a result

  quence, the oil yield is increased and its quality is

  excellent. Undesirable interruptions of the functioning

  motor or the plugging of the power supply

are deleted.

  The microprocessor also controls whether sesame seeds are introduced into the press or not and therefore knows that the hopper is empty. However, it is only when the pressing of the oil is completely finished (the last sesame seeds placed in the cylinder have been pressed and the last cakes have been removed from the cylinder) that the supply of the engine and the heating element is automatically interrupted. Of this

  way, energy is saved.

  According to the invention, the microprocessor is connected to

  other circuits. One of them is a synchronization circuit

  another distinguishes the required supply voltage, 100 V or 220 V, and a

  other moves the motor plugs if necessary.

  Thanks to the second circuit indicated above, before the start of the oil pressing operation, the fact that the necessary supply voltage is 100 V or 220 V is immediately distinguished. Then, thanks to the displacement circuit of the engine outlets, these outlets are eventually moved. The heater transmits power for all cycles in the case of a 100 V power supply and only one in five cycles when the power supply is 220 V. Thus, the characteristics of

  1in the invention are advantageously obtained.

  Thanks to the trigger synchronization circuit

  The moment when the heater is tripped is synchronized with the supply voltage at the point of passage of the voltage. Given the programming of the microprocessor so that all these functions

  executed automatically, it is possible to use

  read the oil press independently of the fact that the mains supply has a voltage of 100 V or 220 V.

  Thus, the features of the invention are advantageously

obtained.

  The microprocessor also includes a circuit for detecting the flow of an overcurrent in the motor. If such an overcurrent is detected in the motor, the microprocessor causes the immediate shutdown via the built-in power switching device, and thus stops the operation of the motor and the heater, and it can thus automatically stop the operation. press itself in the event of a defect

  functioning, so that the possibility of deterioration

  seriousness of the press is eliminated. The properties of

  the invention are thus advantageously obtained.

  According to the invention, the press comprises both the temperature control device and the motor switching device on a circuit for increasing the preheating temperature. As a result, the temperature of the cylinder at the end of preheating rises to a value greater than the suitable temperature of the cylinder during the oil pressing operation, so that the load applied at the beginning of the operation of the press is lightened. and facilitates the operation of the press itself, so that the properties of the invention are

advantageously obtained.

  In addition, according to the invention, the press also comprises a circuit which indicates each operating state of the press, such as the standby state, preheating, normal operation, any irregularities,

  supply voltage at every moment, etc. As a result

  quence, it is possible to observe all the states of the pres-

  evening at any time, according to an advantage of the invention.

  Other features and advantages of the invention

  tion will become more apparent from the following description,

  with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a front elevational view and partly in section of an embodiment of the press according to the invention; Figure 2 is a diagram of a control device according to the invention; and

  FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D represent a computer

  gram illustrating the control operation of a press

  oil comprising the device according to the invention.

  Reference is first made to FIGS. 1 and 2; the circuit is intended to control whether sesame seeds have been introduced into the press or not, and comprises a series circuit comprising a resistor R5 and a light emitting diode D11 and a bridge circuit formed of resistors R6, R7, R8 and of a D12 photodiode. The signal

  the output of the bridge circuit is transmitted to a microproces-

  "U.S. National", COM 420L, through a

  integrated circuit ICi. The light emitting diode DlU and the photodiode

  todiode D12 are attached to the feed inlet 121 so that, when sesame seeds have been poured to the inlet 121, the light of the diode DlU is stopped if

  although diode D12 is turned off.

  The circuit 151 for detecting the temperature of the cylinder comprises a bridge circuit formed of resistors R1, R2, R3 and a thermistor Th1, the output signal arriving at the input terminal of an integrated circuit comparator IC2 then that the output signal of the circuit

  integrated IC2 is transmitted to the microprocessor 153, the heat

  Mister Thl being placed in the pressing cylinder which is provided with grooves. Thus, when the temperature of the cylinder 117 reaches a predetermined value, the output signal of the comparator IC2 transmits energy at a low level, i.e. 0, whereas, when the temperature in the cylinder 117 is less than the predetermined temperature, it transmits a high level signal,

that is to say 1.

  The heating circuit 152 of the cylinder 117 of pres-

  oil wise is realized with a bidirectional switch TRIAC1 connected to the heater Hi, the trigger of the switch TRIAC1 being connected to the DC power source VDD through a transistor Q1 and a resistor R9 , the base of the transistor Q1 being connected by a resistor R'9 to the microprocessor 153; the cylinder 117 carries the heating member Hi wound to its

  external face. Depending on the signal transmitted to the micropro-

  153, triggering the bidirectional switch

ordered is insured or not.

  The circuit 154 for switching the motor supply M comprises a bidirectional switch TRIAC2 connected to the power supply cable, its trigger being connected to the DC voltage source VDD by a transistor Q4 and a resistor R20, the base of the transistor Q4 being connected to the microprocessor 153 by a resistor R19; triggering the TRIAC2 switch is intended to be controlled by the signals transmitted to the microprocessor 153. In order that the oil press can operate with a power supply at 100 V or 220 V, three separate circuits are incorporated; a circuit 158 is for detecting the voltage at 100 V or 220 V, a trip synchronization circuit 159 is for triggering the heating circuit 152 at the zero crossing point, and a circuit 155

-! -) 8

  is intended to move the control jacks between 100 V and

220 V.

  The circuit 158 for detecting the power supply voltage

  comprises a series circuit comprising resistors R11, R13 connected to a power supply VA on the input side of the circuit CVG which creates a constant DC voltage, a series circuit formed of resistors R12, R14 connected to the

  output of the CVG circuit, an IC3 integrated circuit for comparing

  whose input terminals are respectively connected

  at the respective junction of resistors R11, R13 and

  - Resistors R12, R14, the output terminal being connected

to the microprocessor 153.

  The device allows the constant maintenance of the DC voltage VDD when the supply voltage is

  equal to 100 V or 220 V, but when the voltage of the

  220 V DC voltage is twice as high as when the supply voltage is 100 V. As a result, the output signal of IC comparator IC3 varies with

  the supply voltage, and has a level 1 for a voltage of

  220 V and a 0 level for a voltage of 100 V.

  In the trigger synchronization circuit 159,

  Preferably, a collector and emitter of a transistor Q2 are connected to the microprocessor and the ground respectively, and the base of the transistor Q2 is connected to the power supply via the capacitor C1 and the resistor R21. Accordingly, the circuit 159 transmits a timing signal to the microprocessor at each cycle of the voltage. The motor socket offset circuit 155

  is connected to a Ry relay intended to ensure the

  to the socket for 100V exclusive operation (connected to contact point B of the relay) and to the socket for the exclusive 220V supply (connected to contact point A of the relay). One terminal BB of the relay Ry is connected to ground by the transistor Q3 and the other terminal DC of the relay Ry is connected to the power supply, the base of the transistor Q3 being connected to the microprocessor

123 by a resistor R22.

  A circuit 157 is also intended for detecting an overcurrent of the current transmitted to the motor M in the event of irregularities in the oil pressing operation, and it consists of a circuit connected to the supply line, by connecting a detection coil L that controls the

  induction current transmitted to a diode D10 and to a

  C3, and by forming a bridge circuit comprising

  the resistance R18 connected in series with the

  C3 and other resistors R15, R16, R17, the output

  being connected to the input terminal of the comparator at cir-

  cooked IC4 while the output signal of this circuit

  baked IC4 reaches pin 22 of microprocessor 153; in this way, if an overcurrent reaches the motor M,

  a corresponding current is detected by the induction coil

  L1 and charges the capacitor C3 through the diode D10 so that the IC4 circuit creates an output signal of

level 1.

  An indicator circuit 16 is also intended to indicate

  the one of the various stages in which the oil press is located, by indicating the voltage of 100 V by a light emitting diode D4, the voltage of 220 V by a light emitting diode D5, the state of preheating by a light emitting diode D6, the operating state by a light emitting diode D7, the waiting state by a light emitting diode D8 and the detection of an irregularity of the

  presser by a light emitting diode D9.

  A circuit 161 comprising a resistor R10 and a

  Diode D20 is intended to raise the temperature of preheating

  only at the beginning of the pressing operation

  of oil, this temperature being higher than the temperature

  it is necessary for the remainder of the operating period, the circuit being connected between the temperature sensing circuit 151 and the power switching circuit 154. In addition, the circuit 156 is intended to indicate whether

  the oil container 113 and the receiving container 114

  tackle cakes are well introduced at the locations

  provided or not, the MSW switch with magnet

  The cooker 156 is mounted between the microprocessor and the mass so that the switch opens when the oil container and the cake container are put in place. Reference 164 designates a constant-voltage power supply circuit of well-known type, reference 162 designates a generator for transmitting pulses to microprocessor 153, reference 163 designates reset circuit of microprocessor 153, reference 111 designates a screw, the reference 112 a tangent wheel, the reference 119 the transport screw, the reference 115 the pressed oil outlet, and the reference 116 the output of the cake. The operation of the control device according to the invention, intended for household electric oil presses, comprising the described assembly, is now described.

  previously, with the flow chart illustrating the

  of the control device in each of the steps.

  When the power switch is closed and

  the microprocessor 153 is put into operation, this micro-

  processor 153, according to the stored program, recalls the mode 3 and transmits a signal 0 to its pin 26, so that the light emitting diode D3 of the indicator circuit 160 indicates the waiting state. It is then determined, using the

  pin 23, if the output signal of the circuit 158 for detecting

  If this signal is at 1 (corresponding to the case where the voltage is equal to 220 V), the output signals of pins 13 and 17 go to 1 and the diode D4 of the indicating circuit. 160 and the transistor Q3 of the circuit 155 for moving the outlets are controlled so that the voltage of 220 V is indicated and that the plug corresponding to the exclusive supply of the motor M to a

  220 V voltage is connected. However, if it is

  According to pin 23, the supply signal is not at 1, for example in the case where the supply is & 100 V, a signal 1 is indicated at pin 12 and a

  signal 0 at pin 17, indicating that the power supply voltage

  tation is equal to 100 V and simultaneously the transistor Q3 of the tap-moving circuit 155 is open and the

  motor M is moved to the socket intended for

  It is determined that the signal from pin 21 is at 1 (this signal must be at i because the MSW switch is open when the oil container and the oilcake container are on. both introduced) and,

  when the signal is not yet 1, mode 3 is memorized

  rised and, thanks to the creation of a 0 signal at pin 17, the tap returns to the exclusive power supply with a voltage of 100 V; after control of the light emitting diode D8 (indicating the standby state), the operation indicated for the determination of the voltage using the pin 23 is repeated until the signal transmitted by the pin 21 at 1, with introduction of containers

oil and cake.

  As soon as the output signal read at pin 21 is equal to 1 and as mode 3 is used in the program, the mode is chosen and the microprocessor 153 starts to

  operate with mode 3 (Figure 3B).

  When operating in mode 3, the fact that

  the signal read at pin 5 equals 1 or not is deter-

  mine. When, at that moment, sesame seeds are introduced at the inlet 121, the photodiode D12 opens as indicated above and the output signal of the comparator IC1 is & 0 whereas, if sesame seeds do not have still introduced, the photodiode D12 remains closed and the signal of the comparator IC1 is 1. Thus, when sesame seeds have not yet been transmitted to the input 121, the process described above is repeated until the sesame seeds and until the signal from pin 5 is 0. However, when the sesame seeds are introduced and when the signal from pin 5 is 0, the program calls mode 1 to the mode 3 place; pin 23 is at 0 and pin i at 1, so that the photoemissive diode D6 is controlled and the

  preheating of the cylinder begins. Mode i is selected

  (because mode 1 was memorized just before) by

  determining the states of the pins 23 and 21.

  In mode 1 (FIG. 3C), the fact that the signal of pin 5 is at 1 is determined and, if this signal is not at 1 (if the signal is at 1, the preceding operation is repeated from itself), the fact that the signal from pin 6 is at 1 is determined (as cylinder 117 does not yet have

  been preheated at this time, the resistance of the

  mistor Thi is high and the output signal of integrated circuit IC2 is at 1 and the signal of pin 6 is also at 1), and if the signal is indeed at 1, the operation goes to the state of heating- of the heater Hi through the path used in mode 2 of Figure 3D. The fact that the signal read at pin 23 is at i or not is then determined. (As indicated previously, the signal

  the IC3 output is at 1 when the supply voltage

  is equal to 220 V and is 0 when it is equal to 100 V). When the signal is determined to be 1, the oil press cylinder 117 is preheated by generating pulses at the occurrence frequency divided by 5 at pin 14 and synchronized by the trigger timing circuit 159 so that the bidirectional controlled switch TRIAC1 of the heating circuit 152

  triggered only for one in five cycles of the food

  tion, the switch TRIAC1 being triggered at the point of passage to 0; when it is determined on the contrary that the signal is at 0, the undivided pulses are created at the pin 14 and control the TRIAC1 controlled bidirectional switch (always at the zero crossing point) for all power cycles. The operation continues

  repeatedly until the end of the preheating of the cylinder.

  When the preheating is complete, the ohmic value of the thermistor Th1 of the temperature detection circuit 151 decreases below the predetermined level, and the IC2 circuit returns to an output signal 0 which is transmitted to the pin 6, the microprocessor 153. then memorizing the mode 2 while the pins 28 and 27 have output signals 1 and 0 respectively, causing the closing of the light emitting diode D7 which indicates the state

Operating.

  On the other hand, when the engine is idle,

  that is, when the oil pressing operation has not started yet, the output signal of pin 15 is kept at 0 and the diode D20 of the circuit 161 of increasing

  the preheating temperature is closed and the resistance

  R3 of the temperature detection circuit 151 and the resistor R10 of the preheating temperature raising circuit 161 are connected in series, and the fundamental voltage of the IC2 circuit is lowered. Until

  temperature rises so that the resistance of the thermistor

  As Th1 falls, IC2 circuit reversal does not occur; thus, during the preheating time of the

  cylinder 117, the latter is heated to a higher temperature

  than that required during normal oil pressing operations, so that the viscosity of the pressed oil at the beginning is reduced to a certain extent.

  measures and prevents overloading of the motor M at the beginning.

  However, just after the M engine was put into operation

  The diode D20 is open (because the signal from pin 15 goes to 1) and the temperature of cylinder 117 returns to the preset value and remains there while

  the oil pressing operation continues.

  The process then returns to point KA of FIG. 3A and mode 2 is chosen (mode 2 has been memorized in the previous operation). In mode 2 of FIG. 3D, determining whether pin 22 remains at 1 or not is

  first performed by the over-detection circuit 157

  intensity so that the existence of a provocative irregularity

  as the flow of an overcurrent to the motor M is determined in the case of irregularities causing the circulation of an overcurrent, the pin 22 being 1, the light emitting diode D9 illuminates and indicates this phenomenon.

  However, in the absence of irregularities and when the signal of the pin 22 is not 1, the pin is 1 and ensures the setting of the motor M in operation. Then, when it has been determined that sesame seeds have been introduced at the inlet 121 or not, the timer is set to 0. The temperature detection circuit 151 then determines whether the temperature of the pressing cylinder 117 has fallen. below the proper level or not, and if that temperature is actually too

  low, the heating circuit 152 is operated

  so that the temperature rises and the temperature is always maintained at the proper level. In the event of any irregularity causing the transmission of an overcurrent to the motor M, the control of the signal of the pin 22 connected to the output end of the overcurrent detection circuit 157 enables this determination and

  the motor M is stopped. The light emitting diode D9 functions

  and indicates the appearance of a possible irregularity.

  The operation continues repeatedly until

  no more sesame seeds left at the feed

  121. When the absence of sesame seed at the input 121 is detected, the pin 5 transmits a level signal.

  1, via the circuit 150 for detecting

  The operation is repeated for 20 s (the time required for the sesame seeds present in the cylinder 117 to be completely filtered, after the last sesame seeds have been removed.

  circulated in the feeder and that the last

  cans have been emptied into the container, this time possibly being increased or reduced) and, after s or after the required time has elapsed, the motor M stops, the photoemissive diode D8 is controlled so that it indicates that the press is in the standby state and the necessary mode is stored waiting for the next pressing operation, or the feed is

manually interrupted.

  As previously described, in the control device according to the invention, the suitable temperature is maintained before and during the oil pressing operation and not only the oil yield is high and the quality excellent but also insufficient heating or

  excessive heating is avoided during preheating.

  Damage to the engine is avoided so that the engine

  can not grill because it is stopped and the food input

tation can not be clogged.

  In addition, the invention uses a circuit of

  detection of the supply voltage, a sync circuit

  trigger timing and a motor plug displacement circuit so that when power supplies are

  V and 220 V are available, the supply voltage

  This is detected instantaneously during use and, if necessary, the plug is moved from 100 V to 220 V or vice versa; the energy consumption of the heating element is maintained in both cases at substantially equal values because the heating circuit allows the circulation of the current for only one-fifth of the time in the case of a 220 V supply (when of

  the 220 V supply of a resistive load, the consumption of

  energy is equal to the square of 2.2, that is to say 4.84 is substantially five times the energy consumed at 100 V);

  the synchronization signals of the synchronization circuit

  the triggering of the heating circuit at the point of passage to 0, and this triggering is very precise and easy so that the power supply can be used

  both at 100 V and at 220 V without the use of a

Separate diet on the diet.

  According to the invention, since the oil pressing cylinder is sufficiently preheated before pressing begins, it is not possible for an overcurrent caused by an overload to be transmitted. An overcurrent detection circuit is also incorporated as a security if

  although, if an overcurrent exists for some cause

  the engine power supply is automatically inter-

  broken and the engine can not grill and the others

similar defects are avoided.

  In addition, as the operating state is indicated at each step, it is very easy to use the press and, in case of malfunction, the necessary correction can be immediately performed. The circuit designed to raise the preheating temperature allows an increase in temperature (to a certain extent

  before the start of oil pressing) beyond the temperature

  necessary during operation so that the engine can start to function regularly and

  not overloaded at the beginning of operation.

  The control device according to the invention is intended to operate automatically under the control of the program implemented by the microprocessor. Only one switch is needed. When power has been supplied, no other switches are needed for the

  control of separate operations.

  Of course, various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art in the press which have just been described as non-limiting examples.

  without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

  An oil pressing control device, characterized in that it comprises: a feed detection device (150) for detecting whether seeds, for example sesame seeds,   which must be pressed have been introduced into a   oil evening or not, a device (151) for detecting the temperature of a cylinder (117) for pressing oil,   a device (Hi) for heating the pressure cylinder   wise oil, a device (154) switching the engine power all or nothing, and   a microprocessor (153) connected to all the devices   previous devices, the microprocessor controlling the   cylinder heating and the food control device   processing by processing the output signal of the power detection device and the detection device temperature.   2. Device according to claim 1, characterized   in that the feed detection device com-   takes a light emitting diode (D11) and a resistor (R5) which are connected in series, resistors (R6, R7, R8) and a photodiode (D12) which form a bridge circuit, and an integrated circuit (IC1) mounted between the microprocessor and   the bridge circuit, the photodiode (D12) and the photo diode   emissive (D11) being mounted at the feed inlet (121) in seeds, the temperature sensing device comprising a thermistor (Th1) mounted on the cylinder and resistors (R1, R2, R3) which form a circuit bridge with the thermistor (Thl), an integrated circuit (IC2) being   mounted between the microprocessor and the bridge circuit.   3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is intended for the control of an oil press and further comprises a circuit (158) for detecting a supply voltage for detecting the voltage d 'a   power supply, a circuit (159) for synchronizing   triggering the heating device of the   one-pass cylinder, and a displacement circuit (155)   motor adjustment tap.   4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the circuit (158) for detecting the voltage   power supply includes resistors (R11, R13) connected   and a terminal (VA) which is at a DC voltage which varies with the variation of the supply voltage, resistors (R12, R14) connected to a first terminal (VDD) of constant DC voltage, and an integrated circuit ( IC3) mounted between the microprocessor and the connection points of the resistors (Rli, R13) and resistors (R12, R14).   5. Device according to claim 3, characterized   in that the synchronization circuit (159) triggers   comprises a transistor (Q2), a resistor (R21) and a capacitor (C1), the base of the transistor (Q2) being connected to the supply voltage via   resistance (R21) and the capacitor (Cl), the collection   transistor transmitter and transmitter (Q2) being connected to the   microprocessor and ground respectively.   Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the tap-moving circuit (155) comprises a transistor (Q3), a relay (Ry) and a resistor (R22),   the collector of the transistor (Q3) being connected to a first   first terminal (CC) of the relay (Ry), the base of the transistor (Q3) being connected to the microprocessor via resistance (R12).   7. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a circuit (157) for detecting an overcurrent transmitted to the motor (M), and a circuit (161) for raising the preheating temperature of the cylinder. .