FR2637448A1 - Device and method for spreading products on a surface, particularly fertiliser spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for spreading substances over a surface, particularly a spreader for spreading fertiliser, comprising a chassis and at least one spreader member 138, 139 which can move about an axis of rotation and guide means 140, 141 placed close to the circumference of the spreader member for guiding the substance ejected by the spreader member, and for altering the direction of ejection of at least part of the substance ejected, characterised in that the guide means 140, 141 have a plurality of guide plates 142, 144 positioned in the path of spreading and shaped and/or arranged one after another from one side of the guide means as far as the other side of the latter so that the substance spread during the working is deflected by the guide plates into different horizontal directions in order to distribute the substance over the entire spreading width.

Description

 The invention relates to a device for spreading products on a surface, such as a chemical fertilizer spreader provided with a ch ssts and at least one rotary spreading member around a substantially vertical axis and at least a fixing member allowing its coupling to a carrier device such as a tractor or similar vehicle.

 The publication of the German patent application DE-AS-1.80.S62 describes a spreader device which can be coupled to the lifting device of a tractor, device in which the spreader can be placed obliquely transversely in the direction of the normal advancement by moving one of the two lower lifting arms of the lifting device at three points relative to the other. In this construction, obtaining the desired oblique position of the spreader device is difficult because it requires laborious measurement. Returning to normal position from the oblique position also requires laborious work because it is also difficult to obtain a good horizontal adjustment of the device. We also know by the publication of the German patent application DE- AS-1.1 & .562 a spreader device mounted in an intermediate casing for the oblique position. With this construction also, the return to the horizontal position from the oblique position is difficult and vice versa.

In addition, in these devices, the spreading of the material in an oblique position is carried out over the same distance on either side of the device.

 An object of the invention is to obtain a device, which can be quickly and easily placed in an oblique position from the normal working position to spread the material to one side over a shorter distance than in the normal working position. of the device.

According to the invention this can be obtained, when the device comprises at least one mechanism, adjustable relative to the chassis in at least two different positions, so that in one of these positions, the spreading direction can be changed during operation so that the material is spread on one side over a shorter distance than in the other position. In this way, the material can be spread over a shorter distance, in particular at the edge of the fields to be treated. According to an embodiment of the device according to the invention, the mechanism provided above constitutes at least one part of the organ. for fixing to the lifting device, said part being adjustable in height relative to the frame and can be placed in at least two different positions, so that the spreading member can be placed obliquely, transversely to the normal direction of travel, by adjustment of the fixing member to reduce the spreading width on one side of the device. The oblique position can be used in such a way that the material is spread uniformly and in a desired quantity at the edge of the field, without this being necessary for other adjustments.

In general to obtain this spreading at the edge, one or more or more discharge openings must be closed relative to the axis of rotation of the spreading member in order to be able to adjust the direction of spreading.

With known devices and methods, it is difficult to obtain a uniform spreading profile. With the device according to the invention these problems are eliminated.

 According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the fixing member comprises a support arm articulated relative to the chassis of the device about a substantially horizontal axis. According to another embodiment of the device according to the invention, the fixing member comprises a plate fixedly connected to the chassis and which has an oblong hole, in which a part of the coupling member to the tractor can move and take at least two different positions relative to the chassis, said oblong hole comprising at least one portion extending obliquely upwards, the coupling member being located in the rearmost part of the oblong hole when the device is in its normal working position.

The fixing member thus has few moving parts and can be produced easily.

 According to another embodiment of the device according to the invention, the fixing member has a mechanism for adjusting the height of at least part of the fixing member relative to the chassis of the device. In this way the oblique adjustment of the device can be carried out easily.

 The invention further provides to equip the device with at least one braking member to reduce the speed of the material sprayed by the spreading members, so that at least part of the material sprayed on one side of the device falls less far from the spreading member than without a braking member. In this way, one obtains a device with which one can work easily at the edge of the field without other adjustments on the device being necessary. In such a device, the braking member is disposed on the path of the material. The braking member decreases the speed of the material so that this material is spread at the desired lateral distance from the device, which is smaller than the normal distance.

 The device further relates to a spreading process in particular for chemical fertilizers by means of a spreading device, provided with at least one spreading member which can rotate around an axis of rotation which extends in height and wherein according to the invention the spreading width on one side of the device is reduced by putting at least the spreading member of the device in an oblique position, transversely to the direction of advancement of the device.

Other objects and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description below, with reference to the appended drawings which represent, by way of nonlimiting examples, some embodiments of the device according to the invention. On these drawings
Figure 1 shows schematically the route that is made to agricultural machinery on a field to perform different work.

 FIG. 2 schematically represents the spreading profiles which overlap one another during the various passages of a spreading device over a field.

 FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows in plan the passages of a spreader device which correspond to FIG. 2.

 Figure 4 shows schematically, seen from the back1 a spreader for implementing the method according to the invention.

 FIG. 5 schematically represents the spreading profile obtained with the process illustrated in FIG. 4.

 FIG. 6 is a front view, on a larger scale, of a spreader in the working position according to the method illustrated in FIG. 4.

 FIG. 7 represents a working position, opposite to that of FIG. 6.

 FIG. 8 is a section, on a larger scale, of a part of the device according to the line VIJI-VIII of FIG. 6.

 Figure 9 is a front view of another embodiment of a fixing member for placing in an oblique position a device according to the invention.

 FIG. 10 is a front view of a spreader, arranged obliquely towards the other side, with an adjustment member according to FIG. 9.

 FIG. 11 is a section of part of the spreader along the line XI-XI of FIG. 9.

 FIG. 12 represents a view similar to that of FIG. 11, of another example of embodiment of a fixing member for letter in oblique position a spreader device according to the invention.

 FIG. 13 represents a section of a braking member for adjusting the spreading width of a device according to the invention.

 FIG. 14 represents another position of the braking member according to FIG. 13.

 FIG. 15 schematically represents a plan view of a braking member for adjusting the spreading distance.

 FIG. 16 is, on a larger scale, a vertical section of a part of the device according to FIG. 15, along the line XVI-XVI of FIG. 15.

 FIG. 17 schematically represents a plan view of a spreading device according to the invention with other braking members for modifying the resistance of spreading of the spread material.

 FIG. 18 schematically represents a plan view of a part of a spreading device with another embodiment of a braking member for modifying the spreading distance of the material to be spread.

 When carrying out the various work in the fields, the machines should preferably always be run on the same tracks. The position of the tracks is generally determined by the sprinklers, which must be moved several times a season in the field to water or otherwise distribute materials to control weeds and plant diseases.

For this, successive back and forth movements are carried out, preferably following the advancement or watering paths 1, 2, 3 and 4 indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 1. The distance between these paths is determined in particular by the width working sprinklers,
The sprinklers generally work on either side of the device over a width of about 12 meters, so that they have a total working width of 24 meters. The tracks on which a machine is propelled are therefore at a distance 6 from each other, which is as large as the total working width 5 of the sprinkler. Distance 6 is covered for half by the half of the working width of the machine, which passes on a track, for example track 3, and which returns on the neighboring track 4 for the other half.

 Chemical fertilizer spreading devices are for example towed on tracks 1, 2, 3 and 4. The spreading widths of the spreading devices are chosen in such a way that during the passage on the tracks, the surface to be treated receives from. desired amount of material per unit area. FIG. 2 schematically represents the spreading profiles 7 and 8 of a spreading device, which goes along the track 3 and returns along the track 4. The spreading profiles 7 and 8 are as they work over a total width which is equal to twice the width of the distance 6 between two neighboring tracks. The machine passing on track 3 thus works over a width 9 which is twice as large as the distance 6. The spreaders are preferably made in such a way that the spreading profiles 7 and 8 have the shape shown in the figure 2. During spreading, during the passage on the neighboring paths 3 and 4, the spreading profiles obtained during the two neighboring paths will overlap, as shown in FIG. 2 between them. traces 3 and 4.

The total common spreading profile obtained by line 10 is such that a uniform distribution of the quantity of material spread per unit area is obtained on the piece of land to be treated. A spreading profile according to the embodiments shown 7 and 8 is obtained in particular advantageously when the spreader device is provided with two spreading members 11 and 12 which, unlike each other, rotate in the direction of the arrows 13 The machines are made in such a way that each of the spreading members II and 12 spread the material over the entire width 9. Due to their directions of rotation 13, the two spreading members 11 and 22 carry out a spreading symmetrical with respect to the plane 14. , which is perpendicular to the surface to be treated and which passes through the longitudinal axis of the device between the two spreading members li and 12 (Figure 3).

 The total width 9 of a spreading profile is here twice as large as the width 4 of a working course of a sprinkler. Passing with the spreader on the first sprinkler track 1, located at a distance 15 from the edge 21, equal to half the spreading width 6.

the material would be spread beyond the border 21 of the field.

This would result in unwanted losses of the material to
spread, and on strip 15 between track 1 and the edge
21 especially around the edge 21 there would be too
little spread material. This emerges from Figures 1 and 2
or the distance 15 is half the distance 6 between
watering routes. According to the invention, we can then
simply implement a method for spreading
correctly the quantity of material desired across the width
15. According to this method, the spreader device is then
put in oblique position so that by passing on
track 1, in the direction of arrow 16, the pro discs
throwers on the left side of the machine are oriented
obliquely down as shown schematically
in Figure 4, the tilt of this oblique setting is
chosen so that the distance over which the
material is spread, equal to half a half
spreading width 9. It has been found that, thanks to this
oblique adjustment and without a change in the feed
tion of the material from the reservoir to the organs
spreaders are necessary, the material is spread on
the width 15 with the spreading profile 18, shown
schematically in Figure 5. It was further found
only on the side where the projecting discs are directed
obliquely upwards, the spreading width is not
practically unaffected, and the spreading width, seen in FIG. 5 to the right of track 1, will be made over a distance 17, which is practically equal to half of the total normal spreading width 9. From this manner, we obtain, as shown in Figure 5, a spreading profile to the right side of the device, which corresponds with a normal passage when the two spreading members are parallel to the ground surface.

And during the movement of the spreader on track 2, the strip 17 is covered with a dtdpandace profile identical to that
which is represented between the tracks 3 and 4 in FIG. 2. By this, the total spreading profile formed between the tracks and between the edge 21, corresponds to the desired uniform total spreading profile 10 according to FIG. 2.

In this process, it is more particularly advantageous that for spreading the material towards the edge 21, there is no need to adjust the flow openings, through which the desired quantity of material per unit of time is supplied. spreaders, just as no other adjustment is necessary, for example that of the spreader device. After having made a Passage in direction 16 on track l and having put the device in horizontal position, one can continue to work normally by luf fafsant to traverse the following tracks 2 and 3 and so on. Thus, one obtains in a very simple a process which is easy to carry out during work in the field and which avoids the adjustment errors which it is ordinarily necessary to perform precisely in order to be able to spread the desired quantity of material uniformly over the surface to be treated.

 If a passage has to be made, in which the material has to be spread to the right side of the machine over a short distance> for example if the machine was driven in the opposite direction to arrow 16 along track 1, we can then adjust the device obliquely to the other side.

 Sprinklers generally work over a width of 24 meters since they work on both sides over 12 meters. Tracks 1, 2, 3 and 4 are therefore usually spaced 24 meters apart from one another 6, distance 15 being generally 12 meters.

The spreading devices therefore preferably work on a total working width 9 of 48 meters, while due to the overlap shown in FIG. 2, the effective spreading width is 24 meters. The spreading width 15 on one side, when the device is in an oblique position, is therefore 12 meters.

To obtain this spreading width to a side of 12 meters, the device is generally placed in an oblique position at an angle of approximately 6 to 7 "relative to the treated surface. This angle can however be smaller
or larger by a few desrds depending on the machine.

The embodiment of the spreader device as shown in Figure 3 allows in particular to obtain a spreading width 9 with a uniform distribution according to the spreading profiles of Figure 2.As shown in Figure 3, the member spreader 11 spreads the material over a sector 19 and the spreader 12 spreads the material over a sector 20. These sectors are symmetrical with respect to the plane 14.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show a spreader device 25 with a reservoir 26. Above the reservoir are arranged spreading members li and et-12, which can rotate in opposite directions to each other, in the direction according to the arrows 13 in FIG. 3, around axes of rotation which extend upwards. The reservoir has discharge openings, which are not shown in more detail and through which the material contained in the reservoir is brought to the spreading bodies. The openings can be more or less closed for the adjustment of the quantity of material flowing per unit of time from the tank. By this means, one can regulate the quantity of material which must be spread per unit of area,
The spreader 25 comprises a frame 27 on which are mounted fixing members 28 and 29, for coupling the device to the lower lifting arms 30 and 31 of the three-point lifting device of a tractor. The chassis 25 is further provided with a fixing member 32 for coupling to the upper linkage of the tractor lifting device. The chassis 27 comprises vertical posts 33 and 34, on which the fixing members 28 and 29 are arranged so as to allow adjustment of the spreader in an oblique position, as indicated above> in particular for FIG. 4. adjustment and construction of the fixing members 28 and are identical for both and will therefore be described in more detail only for the fixing member 28. The fixing member 28 comprises two plates 35 and 36 extending from one side and on the other side of the post 33 and in fixed connection with respect to one another by means of a spacer 37. These plates 35 form a support arm. The fixing member 28 is articulated around an articulation axis 38 relative to the post 33. The articulation axis 38 is located behind the post 33, relative to the direction of normal advance 39 and it is horizontal when the spreader is in the horizontal position. The hinge pin 38 is mounted on lugs 40 fixed to the rear of the post 33. The plates 35 and 36 are provided with holes 41, in alignment with each other and intended to receive a pin. coupling 42 belonging to the fixing member 28, for fixing the lower lifting arm 30. The fixing member 28 is connected to a hydraulic adjustment mechanism 43 which forms a lifting mechanism. This mechanism comprises a jack 44 with its rod 45. The jack 44 is articulated to a hinge pin 46 fixedly connected to the post 33 and satige 45 is hinged to the member 28 via a hinge pin 47 The fixing member 28 further comprises holes 48 housed in the plates 36 and 38 in mutual extension and which are intended to receive a locking pin 49. On the post 33 are fixed an upper stop 50 and a lower stop 51 .

The fixing member 29 is produced in the same way as the member 28 and is also connected to a lifting mechanism 52 corresponding to the lifting mechanism 43.

 When the device according to FIGS. 6 to 8 is used for the implementation of the method described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 5, the lifting mechanisms 43 and 52 are held without pressure to keep the device horizontal. The two spreading members il and t2 are therefore horizontal or more exactly parallel to the surface to be treated. The lifting mechanisms 43 and 52 and the fasteners 28 and 29 are therefore relative to the chassis 27 in the position shown on the left side of Figure 6 for the fastener 28 and in Figure 8 with solid lines for the member 28. When the fixing members 28 and 29 are coupled to the lower lifting arms 30 and 31 of a tractor and this spreader is raised above the ground, the weight of the spreader with the material , which may be in the tank, will tend to rotate the fasteners 28, 29 around the hinge pin 38 in the direction of the arrow 58 (Figure 8). This rotation is avoided if the pin 49 is left in the holes 48.

This pin comes to rest against the stop 50, which blocks the movement of the fixing members relative to the chassis in direction 58. Thus, the device is kept horizontal. In this position, the spacer 37 is located against the stop 51, which prevents any rotation of the fixing members 28 and 29 around their axes of articulation 38.

 To put the device in an oblique position, as shown for example in FIGS. 4 and 6, such that with respect to the direction of advance 39 it is tilted to the left and down, the lifting mechanism 52 is hydraulically controlled to bring out the rod 45 from the jack 44. It follows that your force with which the pin 49 rests against the stop 50, under the weight of the device, is canceled which allows the pin 49 to come out of the holes 48. The spacer 37 is kept pressed against the stop 5t, so that it is not possible for the fixing member 29 to rotate around the axis 38.

Then, the pressure in the jack 44 can be removed and the fixing member 29 will pivot relative to the frame 27 around the articulation 38 under the effect of the weight of the spreader 1 towards the position shown in dotted lines on the Figure 8. When the spacer 37 comes against the stop 50, the rotation of the fixing member 29 about its hinge axis 38 is blocked.

The axis 38 is lowered down relative to the pin 42 and the lifting arm 30. As a result, the left side of the device is also lowered, so that the device is placed in an oblique position. The distance 53, over which the axis 38 descends, results from the choice of the different dimensions of the parts of the mechanism. This distance 53 is chosen so that the device will be set obliquely in the desired manner to spread the material to the left side over the desired distance 15.

To return the device to the horizontal position, starting from the oblique position according to FIG. 6, pressure is again sent into the jack 44. The fixing member 29 therefore pivots again around the axis 38 towards the position shown in solid lines for member 28 (Figure 8). The spacer 37 comes against the stop 50, which makes it possible to thread the pin 49 again into the holes 48. The fixing member is then locked and the pressure in the jack 44 can be removed.

 In Figure 7 is shown a situation similar to that of Figure 6, but the spreader being inclined obliquely to the right. This position is obtained without maneuvering the fixing member 29, but operating the lifting mechanism 43 so that the right side of the device, due to the pivoting of the opposite fixing member 28 around its axis 38 on a distance 53, as indicated above. for the fixing member 29. As before, the spreader can be quickly returned to the oblique position from this oblique position in the same manner as that which has been described more top for figure 6.

 When the machine is lowered on one side to put the device in an oblique position, the distance 55 from the ground of the opposite spreading member remains practically unchanged. The distance of the spreading members 11 and 12 from the ground is further determined by the construction of the device. When the device is placed obliquely, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the distance 54 between the periphery of the member spreader closest to the ground and the ground will be smaller than that separating the spreading bodies from the ground, when the device is in a horizontal position. Whether the spreader is tilted to one side or the other, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the distances 54 and 55 will keep the same values respectively. The positioning in the oblique position and the return to the horizontal position are carried out very simply since it suffices to send pressure to the jack 44 of the lifting mechanism concerned 43 or 52. For this, the jacks 44 are connected to the hydraulic circuit of the tractor, to which the device is coupled, which is not shown more in detail. The presence of the stops 50 and 51 and of the spacer 37 allows rapid adjustment of the desired positions of the fixing members 28 and 29. Apart from the setting for the oblique setting, there is no need to make any other settings on the spreader. For example, it is not necessary to set the predetermined value of the tank discharge openings, nor the direction of spreading of the material, by adjusting the position of the openings around the axes of rotation of the spreading members. As mentioned above, the necessary adjustment is quickly made to spread the desired amount of material at the edge of the field. , and after processing this border, the normal positioning is also carried out quickly.

 In FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 there is shown an exemplary embodiment, in which a single lifting mechanism is mounted on one side of the spreader. To put the device in an oblique position from the normal working position, in which the two spreading members are horizontal, this single side is lifted or left to descend. On one side the chassis is provided with a fixing member 64 adjustable relative to the chassis. On the other is mounted a fixing member 65 fixed relative to the chassis of the device and which consists of two plates 67, which are fixed on both sides of the post 33. The parts of the device according to FIGS. 9 to 11, which correspond with those of the device according to FIGS. 6 to 8 are indicated with the same reference numbers. The fixing member 64 comprises two plates 68 which are situated on either side of the post 33 and which are coupled one to the other. other by a spacer 69.

 The fixing member 64 pivots, like the fixing member 28 shown in the previous embodiment example, about an axis of articulation 38 relative to the frame 27. Above the spacer 69, the plates 68 are provided with aligned holes 70. Similarly, they have aligned holes 71 under the spacer 69. In the holes 70 and 71 can be threaded locking pins 72 respectively 73.

The post 33 is provided with an upper stop 74 and a lower stop 75.

 In the position shown in Figure 11, the fixing member 64 has relative to the chassis a position in which the pin 42 of the arm 30 is in the extension of the pin 76 of the arm 31. The position of the fixing member 64 relative to the casings 27, as shown in FIG. 11, is therefore also that which keeps the spreader horizontally, the spreading members being horizontal or else parallel to the surface to be treated.

In this position, the fixing member 64 is locked against any rotation about the hinge pin 38 by the fact that the locking pins 72 and 73 are threaded into the holes 70 and 71. These pins 72 and 73 are therefore in abutment against the stops 74, respectively 75. The frame 27 can then be raised relative to the pin 42 and to the arm 30. For this, the pin 73 is removed from the holes 71. Then the mechanism 66 is controlled so that the rod 45 is pushed out of the piston 44, so that the hinge pin 47 is pushed down relative to the frame 27. As a result, the fixing member 64 pivots about the axis of articulation 38 in the direction of arrow 81. This rotation can be continued until the spacer 69 comes against the stop 75. In this position we stop the movement of the rod 45 relative to the piston 44 by closing for example the supply valve to piston 44. This maintains the p liquid recession in the piston. Lifting the chassis near the fixing member 64 places the spreader in an oblique position, as shown in FIG. 9. Therefore, the distance 77 from the outermost part of the spreading member 12 won't change much from. the position in which the spreading members are located horizontally. The distance 78 between the spreading member II and the ground then becomes greater than in the normal horizontal working position of the device. The displacement stroke of the fixing member 64 relative to the frame 27 is chosen so that the spreader is inclined obliquely downwards on the left side so that the material can be spread to the left over a width 15, which is equal to half the distance over which the material is spread to this side in the horizontal position of the device. By
ette positionoblique, the material is spread uniformly on the strip to be treated, as in the previous embodiment, and we obtain the spreading profile 18, as shown in Figure 5.

 From the central position, in which the spreading members 11 and 12 are horizontal, the device can descend - down the side where the lifting mechanism 66 is located. For this, the fixing member 64 is pivoted in a opposite direction of the arrow 81 around the hinge pin 38. For this rotation, the locking pin 72 is removed and for this purpose, the lifting mechanism 66 is put under pressure to cancel the support of the pin 72 against the stop 72 under the effect of the weight of the device. Under the effect of this weight, the device can therefore descend from the side of the fixing member 64 by pivoting the fixing member 64 about the axis 38.

The frame 27 goes down as much, until the spacer 69 comes against the stop 74, which stops the rotation of the fixing member 64 around the hinge pin 38 in the direction opposite to the arrow 81. In this position, the fixing member will be held relative to the chassis under the effect of the weight of the device and of the material possibly contained in the reservoir. As also during this oblique positioning of the device, the latter pivots around the fixing of the arm 31 to the fixing member 65, the part furthest from the center of the spreading member 11 will come at a distance 79 above the ground, lower than the distance at which the spreading member 11 was located above the ground in a horizontal position of the device. The distance 80 will therefore differ little from the distance 77. If in the oblique position of the device, the distance of the spreading members above the ground, for example for the spreading of certain products, does not have the desired value to obtain the desired spreading profile, this distance can be corrected by moving the lifting arms 30 and 31 slightly up or down.

 In the embodiment according to Figures 9 to 11, only one lifting mechanism 66 is used, which simplifies the device. However, when obliquing in a given direction, the height of the spreading member II above the ground between the highest and lowest position will be slightly greater than in the embodiment according to the Figures 6 to 8. With the construction according to Figures 9 to 11, one can also easily spread, on a side strip 15 of the surface to be treated, the desired amount of material per unit area with a uniform distribution. With this construction also, it is not necessary to make other adjustments to the spreader, for example closing the discharge openings more or less on one side, or changing the direction of spreading. can work with the construction according to FIGS. 9 to 11 also very quickly to implement the method described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 5.

 In Figure 12 is shown a third embodiment of a fixing member with which the device, as in Figures 9 to 11, can be lowered or raised on one side relative to the central position. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13, the fixing member 86 comprises two plates 85 fixed on either side of the post 33. Between the plates 85 is mounted a lifting arm 31 also connected to the fixing 86 by means of a pin 42. To this end, the fixing member 85 comprises an oblong hole 88 which can receive the pin 42. The pin passes through an opening in the arm 30 and into an opening in the member d coupling fixed to the lower end of the piston rod 45 of the lifting mechanism 87 which corresponds to the lifting mechanism 66. The pin 42 is immobilized in the longitudinal direction. The oblong hole 88 has a central part 89, an upper part 90 and a lower part 91. The ends of the parts 90 and 91 have recesses 93, respectively 94.

The central part 89 is parallel to the post 33. The parts 90 and 91 extend from the central part 89 and relative to the direction of normal advancement 39 of the device obliquely forward, and upwards. part 90 and downwards for part 91. When using the construction according to FIG. 13, the spreader is kept horizontal or parallel to the surface to be treated by - the fact that the pin 42 is kept in the central part 89 of the oblong hole 88. This position of the pin 42 and therefore of the lower arm 30, relative to the fixing member 86, can be locked by inserting a locking pin 95 in the holes 96 in the plates 85 and in a hole in the coupling portion 94.

To put the spreader in an oblique position, the pin 92 is removed and under the weight of the device and of the material which it possibly contains, the frame 27 descends. The pin 42 moves in the part 90 of the oblong hole 88 towards the recess 92. When the pin 42 arrives in the recess 92, the spreader cannot descend any more. If the fixing member 80 is mounted on the right side of the spreader, the latter will tilt obliquely to the right and downwards, as shown in FIG. 11. The material will therefore be spread uniformly towards the straight on a narrow strip 15. To put the spreader in an oblique position on the other side, the spreader is raised relative to the pin 42 and the arm 30 using the lifting mechanism 87. lifting mechanism 87, the pin 42 is pushed down relative to the frame 27, so that it moves in your part 91 of the oblong hole 88. When the pin 42 reaches the recess 93, we have reached the extreme high position on the side of the device, where the member 86 with its lifting mechanism 87 is located. The device is therefore in an oblique position towards the other side to spread the material over a shorter distance 15, towards the desired side .

 The parts 90 and 91 of the oblong hole 88 have a slope such that when the spreader is placed in an oblique position, from the central position, the spreader deviates slightly backwards with respect to the pin 42.

The length of this rearward movement depends on the horizontal distance 97 between the central part and the recesses 92, respectively 93. The recesses 92 and 93 are aligned one above the other when the spreader is in central position. Because at its coupling point 30, the spreader can be slightly moved away from the tractor using the fixing part 86, it will tilt when placed in an oblique position transversely to the direction of the normal advancement 39, also slightly, obliquely upwards and backwards. As a result, the spreading discs will also be adjusted slightly, obliquely upwards and backwards. When spreading, the material will be spread not only obliquely and transversely in the direction of travel but also slightly obliquely backwards and up. This oblique arrangement, towards the rear and upwards of the spreading discs influences the distribution of the material on the surface to be treated. In particular, it is thus possible to obtain, for the spreading of certain kinds of materials, a correction of the lateral spreading profile over the shorter distance 15 in order to obtain a flat and uniform distribution over this width 15. During the spreading of certain kinds of materials, it may happen that the oblique position provides a spreading profile which is not completely in the direction of the border 2t. This can be corrected by giving the spreader a slightly oblique position in the direction of travel as well. With the construction according to figure 13, this correction is made automatically. This construction providing an automatic correction with oblique adjustment in the direction of advance can also be mounted on the two posts 33.

The construction according to FIG. 12 can therefore be mounted on the two beams 33 and in this case, the oblong hole 88 must only comprise the oblique part 90 or the oblique part 91.

 Although in the previous exemplary embodiments, it is any spreader which is placed in an oblique position transversely to the direction of travel, it can be constructed so that only the spreading member, or even several spreading members forming an assembly can be placed in an oblique position relative to a carrier member of the spreader, for example its hunting.

 FIG. 13 shows an exemplary embodiment of a braking member 110 arranged around at least part of the circumference of a spreading member 102. A spreading member 102 corresponds to the spreading members 11 or 12 which have no not shown in detail.

The braking member tOO is placed at a distance 103 of only one centimeter from the circumference of the spreading members. The spreading member 102 is provided with projection vanes 104, fixed on a plate 105, of conical shape and which forms an inclined plane directed substantially outwards and upwards. The height 107 of the blades decreases towards the end 106. During the operation of the device, the material is taken up by the blades of the spreading member and is projected at the end 106 of the blades. Matter leaves dawn for about
the entire height 107 of its end 106. As a result, the material is projected in a strip which is not too high 108. The material then comes into contact with the braking plate 101 constituting the braking member placed on the spreading trajectory. The braking plate 101 is flat and forms with the general direction 110 of projection of the material, an angle of a few degrees. As a result, the speed of the material is braked. The brake plate 101 has a certain length 109 to brake the material projected by the spreading member, sufficiently. The material which strikes the underside of the braking plate tO1 will rub along the plate 101 and thereby lose part of the energy communicated to it by the spreading member. The material will therefore be projected less far. In addition, it will be somehow guided along the brake plate in such a way that it will leave the brake plate in the direction of the arrow 116. The material projected onto the height 108, at the outlet of the blades will be more grouped by rubbing along the plate 101, so that it leaves the brake plate 101 in the direction 116, in a denser beam. This bundling of the material along the braking plate 101 gives a more precise delimitation of the maximum distance over which the material can be spread. This is important, especially when the material is to be spread at the edge of the field. The braking plate 101 can therefore also cooperate in an advantageous manner with the oblique adjustment system of the device according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments.

 The braking plate 101 can however be produced so as to brake the material projected by the spreader member so that when the spreader is in the horizontal position the maximum projection distance from the spreader member does not exceed the width 15 on the side of the spreader. Thus, the braking member 100 can therefore be used without oblique adjustment of the device, so that the fixing members of the previous embodiments are not necessary on the spreader. The braking plate 101 will be given a length 109 and an orientation such that the material is braked enough not to be projected beyond the distance 15 which is for example 12 meters. In this way, we also obtain a shape spreading machine according to Figure 5, without oblique adjustment of the device. The length 109 is in this embodiment approximately as large as the half-diameter 117 of the spreading member.

The brake plate 101 will be placed more specially only around the part of the circumference of the spreader member, where the spreader member projects the material in a direction so that it meets the ground on the side of the spreader at distances larger than the desired distance 15. In FIG. 13, the brake plate is arranged in such a way that the side closest to the spreading member is at the level of the upper part of the vanes. The brake plate 101 inclines the direction of movement of the material slightly, obliquely downward.

 A braking plate can also be arranged, as shown in FIG. 14. In this exemplary embodiment, the braking plate lt2 at its end closest to the circumference of the spreading member 102, substantially at the same height as the lowest point of the end 106 of a blade 104. The material which is projected by the end of a blade 104 will strike the upper face of the brake plate and will move along its upper side. By rubbing along the brake plate 112, the material loses part of its energy, so that it leaves the brake plate 112 with a lower energy - in the direction of the arrow 113. The length 114 and the angle 1t5, under which the plate is arranged from the spreading member, obliquely upwards, on the spreading path of the material, can be chosen so that the material loses so much energy, whether projected at most over distance 15 on the side of the device. The brake plates 101 and t12 will be mounted on the chassis of the spreader, so that they can be retracted when the material is spread normally over the entire full width.

 FIGS. 15 and 16 show exemplary embodiments of braking members 122 and 123, which are arranged near two spreading members 120 and 121, which correspond to the spreading members 11 and 12, of a spreading device, which n is not shown in more detail. These braking members each comprise, as shown in detail in FIG. T6 for the braking member 123, two curved braking plates 124 and 125. The braking plate 124 receives the material projected by the spreading member 121 This material is then forced to move along the brake plate 124 and loses some of its kinetic energy. The material then comes into contact with the second brake plate 125, which is bent in the opposite direction to the brake plate 124 The material continues to travel along the plate 125, so that it loses more kinetic energy. In this way, the kinetic energy, with which the material is spread by <6 ity of the device, can be reduced to an extent such that the material is not projected beyond what is desired. The brake plates 124 and 125 can be mounted between end plates, vertical 126 and 127.

The braking member 122 is provided with braking plates in the same way as the braking member 123, but this is not indicated in more detail. The braking member 123 is arranged, near the circumference of the spreading member 121, so that only the material projected beyond the desired distance on the side of the spreader, is taken up by the braking member 123. Without the braking members 122, 123, the spreading members 120 and 121 spread the material in the same way as it is shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Each of the spreading members thus spreads the material over the entire spreading width which extends over the same distance on either side of the device. The spreading member 120 spreads the material over a sector 119 comprised between the extreme vectors 128 and 129. The spreading member 121 spreads the material over a sector 130 comprised between the extreme vectors 131 and 132. To limit the distance of spreading on one side of the device, the braking members 123 are mounted as in FIGS. 15 and 16.

The braking member 123 is located so that the edge 127 is located in the plane of the vector 133, along which the material is spread and finally covers the surface to be treated over a distance which is at most equal to the distance over which it is desired that the material is spread on the side of the spreader. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the material which is spread according to vector 133, will not be projected laterally beyond a distance 15 of 12 meters from the spreader. The material spread between the spreading vectors 131 and 133 and which without the braking member 123 would be projected laterally beyond the desired distance 15, is braked along the braking member 123, so that it does not not fall beyond this desired distance on the surface to be treated. The braking member 122 likewise guides the material which would be projected too far by the spreading member 123 on the right of the device, relative to the direction of normal advance 39.

 As previously, with the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 13, 14, 15 and 16, no adjustment of the device is necessary for spreading the material on the strip 15 according to the spreading profile t8 of FIG. 5. In the same way , adjustment of the tank discharge openings is not necessary. As the same amount of material is discharged per unit of time through the discharge openings, the material will be spread on the side of the device according to the spreading profile 18 of FIG. 5. With the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 15 and 16, one thus obtains, as with the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 13 and 14, a device easy to control, spreading over a shorter distance on one side of the device which can be easily and quickly adjusted by placing the members braking at the desired locations on the spreading path around the circumference of the spreading members. For example, the braking members need only be mounted in the frame of the spreader by means allowing them to be moved only in height and to be fixed in at least two positions to put them either active position, either in the inactive position, respectively in or out of the spreading trajectories. After spreading to one side over a shorter distance, the braking members can therefore be retracted to be able to spread the material again over the entire width d spreading.

 The distribution is advantageously influenced by the braking members 122, 123 in order to obtain the desired spreading plane 18, shown in FIG. 5, because the material moves, substantially parallel to the spreading direction 133, but at an angle the along the curvatures of the brake plates 124 and 125 other than that of the material, which moves for example along the vector 131 on the brake plates. To decrease the speed of the material to the desired extent, the curvatures of the plates 124 and 125 are chosen in a suitable manner. Although in FIG. 16 the braking plates 124 and 125 are practically identical to each other, but curved in opposite directions, the plates can differ from each other both in their width, as in FIG. 16, as in their curvatures to obtain the desired braking capacity and to be able to influence the direction of spreading desired final, under which the material leaves the brake plate 125.

 FIG. 17 shows an example of an embodiment of part of a spreader device with its spreading members 138 and 139. This spreader device corresponds for the most part to the spreader devices according to the previous embodiments. Around the spreading members 138 and 139 are mounted braking members 140 respectively 141. The braking member 140 extends around the circumference part of the spreading member 138 which spreads the material normally on the side over a distance such that without the braking member 140, it would exceed that on which the material is to be spread over the part of the surface to be treated, for example, the edge 15 in FIG. 1. The braking member 140 comprises a plurality of plates 142, which extend parallel to the axis 145 of the spreading member 138. The braking plates are arranged so that the material which leaves the spreading member 138, hits these braking plates on the left, with respect to in the direction of normal advance 3Ç, and are therefore braked such that they are not projected onto the right of the axis 149 of the spreader beyond the distance sufficient to treat the strip 15 (cf. . figure 1).

The brake plates 142 are always made and / or arranged in the direction of rotation 143 of the spreader member 38 in such an order that they brake the material so that it reaches the maximum distance desired on the strip. 15 with a uniform distribution according to the spreading profile 18 of FIG. 5. In the same way, the braking member 141 extends around the spreading member 139 so that the grains of material, which without organs braking would be projected on the side of the spreader further than is necessary to treat only the band 15, are braked and do not fall back beyond the distance 15. For this purpose, the braking member 141 comprises a plurality of braking plates 144, placed on the spreading path and some of which are flat and others are curved. The braking plates extend parallel to the axis 146. In contrast to the braking plates, exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 13 to 16, which deflect the material mainly in the vertical direction, the braking plates 142 and 144 deflect matter mainly in the horizontal direction during braking and dissipate part of its kinetic energy. The brake plates 142 and 144 are struck by the material on the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the spreading members 138 and 139, that is to say on their face 148. The more curved blades 144 will brake the material more, thus the material projected against it loses a very large part of its kinetic energy and will only be projected over the desired width 15. The distribution of the material over the sectors, such as sectors 119 and 130 in FIG. 15 and sectors 19 and 20 of FIG. 3 is also a function of the position of the discharge openings, for example the openings 160 and 161, above the spreading members 138 and 139. The openings 160 and 161 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane 149.

 FIG. 18 shows an exemplary embodiment, in which braking members 150 and 151 are placed around the spreading members, which correspond to the spreading members t38 and 139 in FIG. 17 and are thus indicated with the same reference numbers.

These braking members 150 and 151 are both provided with flat braking plates 152 respectively 153, extending parallel to the axes of rotation 145 and 146.

These brake plates 152 and 153 are however arranged so that the portions of projected material are influenced in a manner other than in FIG. 17 to reduce their speed. The material spread by the spreading members is however again braked so that it is not spread beyond the distance 15. The braking plates 152 and 153 are placed in such a way in the spreading path of the portions of material projected by the spreading members 138 and 139, that they will brake the speed of these portions of material, so that the strip t5 is treated with the spreading profile 18 of FIG. 5. The braking members of the figures t7 and 18 can, as in the examples in Figures t3 to 16, be removed from the spreading paths to spread the material normally again.

Claims (1)

R E V E N D I C A T I o N S l. Device for spreading materials on a surface, in particular a spreader for spreading fertilizer, comprising a frame and at least one spreading member (138, 139) movable around an axis of rotation and guide means (140 , 141) mounted near the circumference of the spreading member to guide the material ejected by the spreading member, and to adjust the direction of ejection of at least part of the ejected material, characterized in that the guide means (140, 141) have a plurality of guide plates (142,  144) positioned on the spreading path and shaped and / or arranged one after the other from one side of the guide means to the other side of it so that the material spread during work is deflected by the guide plates in different horizontal directions to distribute the material over the entire spreading width. 2. A spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that some of the guide plates (142, 144) are straight and that others are curved. 3. Spreading device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that guide means (140, 141) are provided on either side of the longitudinal axis (149) of the spreading device in the adjacent position to the circumference of the spreading members provided on either side of said longitudinal axis (149) of the spreading device.