FR2618523A1 - Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device - Google Patents

Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
FR2618523A1
FR2618523A1 FR8710389A FR8710389A FR2618523A1 FR 2618523 A1 FR2618523 A1 FR 2618523A1 FR 8710389 A FR8710389 A FR 8710389A FR 8710389 A FR8710389 A FR 8710389A FR 2618523 A1 FR2618523 A1 FR 2618523A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
cover
machine
covers
radiation
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR8710389A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Didier Lemaire
Jean-Marc Dronet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EP Remy et Cie SARL
Original Assignee
EP Remy et Cie SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EP Remy et Cie SARL filed Critical EP Remy et Cie SARL
Priority to FR8710389A priority Critical patent/FR2618523A1/en
Publication of FR2618523A1 publication Critical patent/FR2618523A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
    • F16P3/00—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body
    • F16P3/08—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body in connection with the locking of doors, covers, guards, or like members giving access to moving machine parts
    • F16P3/10—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body in connection with the locking of doors, covers, guards, or like members giving access to moving machine parts in which the operation of locking the door or other member causes the machine to start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16P—SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES
    • F16P3/00—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body
    • F16P3/12—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine
    • F16P3/14—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact
    • F16P3/144—Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body with means, e.g. feelers, which in case of the presence of a body part of a person in or near the danger zone influence the control or operation of the machine the means being photocells or other devices sensitive without mechanical contact using light grids

Abstract

The present invention relates to a safety device for opening a cover or a lid as well as to a machine for packaging containers using this device. This device essentially comprises optical fibres 5 housed respectively in the manoeuvring handles 6 of a series of covers 3, whilst a radiation emitter 7 and a detector 8 for this radiation which are joined to a fixed element or framework 1 are arranged respectively at each end of the series of optical fibres 5. This device may particularly equip a machine for automatically packaging cups which are to contain a food substance.

Description

La présente invention a essentiellement pour objet un dispositif de sécurité à l'ouverture d'un élément amovible formant par-exemple le couvercle ou le capot d'une machine. The present invention essentially relates to a safety device at the opening of a removable element forming for example the cover or the cover of a machine.

Elle vise également une machine de conditionnement de récipients utilisant ce dispositif. It also relates to a container packaging machine using this device.

I1 a déjà été proposé des systèmes de sécurité à l'ouverture d'un couvercle ou capot d'appareil , ces systèmes comprenant des moyens, tels que des contacts électriques, susceptibles d'interrompre automatiquement le fonctionnement de l'appareil sous l'effet de l'ouverture du capot. Safety systems have already been proposed for opening a device cover or hood, these systems comprising means, such as electrical contacts, capable of automatically interrupting the operation of the device under the effect of the hood opening.

Ainsi, dès qu'il ouvre le capot, l'utilisateur est protégé et peut intervenir sur l'appareil qui ne peut pas fonctionner. Thus, as soon as he opens the cover, the user is protected and can intervene on the device which cannot function.

Toutefois, les systèmes proposés jusqu'à maintenant, qu'il s'agisse par exemple de contacts ou relais électriques, étaient relativement-encombrants, coûteux et relativement peu fiables. However, the systems proposed until now, whether for example electrical contacts or relays, were relatively bulky, expensive and relatively unreliable.

Aussi, la présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en proposant un dispositif de sécurité particulièrement simple, fiable et efficace, et utilisant pour son montage les éléments de structure du capot luimême. Also, the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a particularly simple, reliable and effective safety device, and using for its assembly the structural elements of the cover itself.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de sécurité à l'ouverture d'un élément amovible formant
par exemple couvercle ou capot d'appareil et comprenant des moyens susceptibles d'interrompre automatiquement le fonctionnement de l'appareil sous l-'effet de l'ouverture
du capot, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens sont constitués par au moins une fibre optique solidaire du capot
et traversée, en position fermée du capot, par un rayonnement parvenant à une extrémité de la fibre optique et détecté à la sortie de cette fibre grace à respectivement
un émetteur et un récepteur de rayonnement solidaires d'un
élément fixe, tel que par exemple le support ou le bâti de l'appareil.To this end, the invention relates to a safety device at the opening of a removable element forming
for example device cover or cover and comprising means capable of automatically interrupting the operation of the device under the effect of the opening
of the cover, characterized in that said means consist of at least one optical fiber secured to the cover
and traversed, in the closed position of the cover, by radiation reaching one end of the optical fiber and detected at the exit of this fiber thanks to respectively
a transmitter and a receiver of radiation integral with a
fixed element, such as for example the support or the frame of the apparatus.

Ainsi, on comprend qu'à l'ouverture du capot, le faisceau lumineux traversant la fibre optique sera interrompu, ce qui déclenchera automatiquement l'arrêt de l'appareil. Inversement, à la fermeture du capot, le faisceau lumineux émanant de l'émetteur, passant dans la fibre et détecté par le récepteur, sera rétabli, ce qui permettra le fonctionnement de l'appareil sous le capot. Thus, it is understood that when the cover is opened, the light beam passing through the optical fiber will be interrupted, which will automatically stop the device. Conversely, when the hood is closed, the light beam emanating from the transmitter, passing through the fiber and detected by the receiver, will be restored, which will allow the device to operate under the hood.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de ce dispositif, la fibre optique est avantage-usement logée dans la poignée de manoeuvre du capot. According to another characteristic of this device, the optical fiber is advantageously housed in the operating handle of the cover.

Ce dispositif est encore caractérisé par une succession de fibres optiques logées chacune dans la poignée de plusieurs capots successifs, l'émetteur et le récepteur précités étant respectivement situés à l'une et l'autre extrémité de la succession de fibres. This device is further characterized by a succession of optical fibers each housed in the handle of several successive covers, the above-mentioned transmitter and receiver being respectively located at one and the other end of the succession of fibers.

On précisera encore ici que le rayonnement traversant les fibres optiques peut réaliser un ceinturage de l'appareil recouvert par une pluralité de capots portant chacun une poignée contenant une fibre optique , étant entendu que, si cela est nécessaire, au moins un organe fixe comportant une fibre optique formant pont peut être prévu pour assurer la continuité du rayonnement passant dans les fibres optiques contenues dans les poignées. It will also be specified here that the radiation passing through the optical fibers can surround the device covered by a plurality of covers each carrying a handle containing an optical fiber, it being understood that, if necessary, at least one fixed member comprising a optical fiber forming a bridge can be provided to ensure the continuity of the radiation passing through the optical fibers contained in the handles.

L'invention vise également une machine de conditionnement de récipients quelconques, munie d'une pluralité de capots et équipée d'un dispositif répondant à l'une et/ou l'autre des caractéristiques ci-dessus. The invention also relates to a machine for packaging any containers, provided with a plurality of covers and equipped with a device meeting one and / or the other of the above characteristics.

Mais d'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés,donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique et en perspective de la partie supérieure d'une machine recouverte d'une pluralité de capots et équipée d'un dispositif de sécurité conforme aux principes de l'invention; et
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique en plan et de dessus illustrant le trajet du faisceau lumineux traversant les fibres optiques contenues dans les poignées des divers capots.However, other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better in the detailed description which follows and refers to the appended drawings, given solely by way of example, and in which
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the upper part of a machine covered with a plurality of covers and equipped with a safety device according to the principles of the invention; and
- Figure 2 is a schematic plan view and from above illustrating the path of the light beam passing through the optical fibers contained in the handles of the various covers.

En se reportant à la figure 1, on voit une machine comprenant un bati 1 formant support pour un ou plusieurs appareils 2 protégés par une succession de capots 3 qui peuvent s'ouvrir et se fermer par pivotement autour d'une articulation 4 constituée par exemple par des charnières. Referring to Figure 1, we see a machine comprising a frame 1 forming a support for one or more devices 2 protected by a succession of covers 3 which can open and close by pivoting around a joint 4 formed for example by hinges.

Pour avoir accès aux appareils 2 il convient bien entendu d'ouvrir les capots 3 et des moyens sont prévus pour arrêter automatiquement le fonctionnement des appareils 2 lorsqu'on ouvre les capots 3, ce qui, comme on le comprend, constitue une sécurité pour l'utilisateur. To have access to the devices 2, it is of course appropriate to open the covers 3 and means are provided for automatically stopping the operation of the devices 2 when the covers 3 are opened, which, as we understand, constitutes security for the 'user.

Conformément à l'invention, les moyens permettant l'arrêt automatique du fonctionnement de la machine, c'està-dire des appareils 2, lors de l'ouverture des capots 3 sont constitués par une succession de fibres optiques 5 associées à chaque capot et logées dans les poignées 6 de manoeuvre des capots
On a montré en 7 sur les figures 1 et 2 un émetteur de rayonnement infrarouge par exemple qui est fixe et solidaire par exemple du bâti 1 de la machine. Cet, émetteur 7 est situé sur le bâti 1 de telle façon que le faisceau 20 qui en sort passe au travers de la succession de fibres optiques 5 lorsque les capots 3 sont en position fermée.According to the invention, the means allowing the automatic stop of the operation of the machine, that is to say of the apparatuses 2, when the covers 3 are opened, consist of a succession of optical fibers 5 associated with each cover and housed in handles 6 for operating hoods
There has been shown at 7 in FIGS. 1 and 2 an infrared radiation emitter for example which is fixed and integral for example with the frame 1 of the machine. This, transmitter 7 is located on the frame 1 in such a way that the beam 20 which leaves it passes through the succession of optical fibers 5 when the covers 3 are in the closed position.

Le faisceau sortant de la dernière fibre optique de la succession de fibres 5 est détecté par un détecteur 8
solidaire du bâti 1 de la machine et qui est relié d'une manière appropriée et par des moyens non représentés aux appareils 2.The beam leaving the last optical fiber of the succession of fibers 5 is detected by a detector 8
integral with the frame 1 of the machine and which is connected in an appropriate manner and by means not shown to the devices 2.

Ainsi, lorsque l'un des capots 3 est ouvert, le faisceau 20 sera interrompu et le détecteur 8 commandera l'arrêt des appareils 2, tandis que lorsque tous les capots 3 seront fermés, le faisceau 20 sera détecté par le détecteur 8 qui assurera.le maintien en fonctionnement des appareils 2. Thus, when one of the covers 3 is open, the beam 20 will be interrupted and the detector 8 will control the stopping of the devices 2, while when all the covers 3 will be closed, the beam 20 will be detected by the detector 8 which will ensure keeping the devices in operation 2.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 1 et 2, le faisceau 20 réalise en quelque sorte un ceinturage de la machine, ce ceinturage étant réalisé par les fibres optiques solidaires des poignées fixées sur une pluralité de capots recouvrant et entourant complètement la machine. As can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the bundle 20 provides a sort of belt for the machine, this belt being produced by optical fibers secured to the handles fixed on a plurality of covers completely covering and surrounding the machine.

Si un tel agencement de capots n'est pas souhaité, et si par exemple aucun capot n'est prévu en bout de la machine, on peut prévoir , comme on le voit mieux sur la figure 2, un organe 9 fixe et solidaire du bâti 1 dans lequel est logée une fibre optique 10, cet organe constituant en quelque sorte un pont assurant la continuité du faisceau 20 émanant de l'émetteur 7, lorsque les capots 3 sont fermés. If such an arrangement of hoods is not desired, and if for example no hood is provided at the end of the machine, one can provide, as can be seen better in FIG. 2, a member 9 fixed and integral with the frame 1 in which is housed an optical fiber 10, this member constituting in a way a bridge ensuring the continuity of the beam 20 emanating from the transmitter 7, when the covers 3 are closed.

On a donc réalisé suivant l'invention un dispositif de sécurité à l'ouverture d'un couvercle ou d'un capot d'appareil ou de machine quelconque, ce dispositif étant particulièrement simple, fiable et peu encombrant. A safety device has therefore been produced according to the invention when opening a cover or a cover of any appliance or machine, this device being particularly simple, reliable and compact.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est nullement limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et illustré qui n'a été donné qu'à titre d'exemple. Of course, the invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described and illustrated, which has been given only by way of example.

C'est ainsi que le dispositif selon cette invention peut équiper un seul capot, que l'appareil abrité par ce capot peut être quelconque et que l'association de la fibre optique à ce capot peut être faite d'une manière quelconque et autre que par montage de la fibre dans la poignée du capot. Thus the device according to this invention can be fitted to a single cover, the device housed by this cover can be arbitrary and the association of the optical fiber with this cover can be made in any manner other than by mounting the fiber in the hood handle.

On ajoutera ici que ce dispositif peut être avantageusement appliqué à une machine de conditionnement automatique de récipients ou gobelets comportant une succession d'appareils 2 permettant entre autres le remplissage et la fermeture automatiques desdits récipients.  It will be added here that this device can be advantageously applied to an automatic packaging machine for containers or cups comprising a succession of devices 2 allowing among other things the automatic filling and closing of said containers.

L'invention comprend donc tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci sont effectuées suivant son esprit.  The invention therefore includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if these are carried out according to the spirit.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1.- Dispositif de sécurité à l'ouverture d'un élément amovible formant par exemple couvercle ou capot d'appareil et comprenant des moyens susceptibles d'interrompre automatiquement le fonctionnement de l'appareil (2) sous l'effet de l'ouverture du capot (3), caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens sont constitués par au moins une fibre optique (5) solidaire du capot (3) et traversée en position fermée du capot par un rayonnement (20) parvenant à une extrémité de la fibre optique (5) et détecté à la sortie de cette fibre grâce à respectivement un émetteur (7) et un récepteur (8) de rayonnement solidaires d'un élément fixe tel que par exemple le support ou bâti (1) de l'appareil (2). 1.- Safety device at the opening of a removable element forming, for example, the cover or cover of the appliance and comprising means capable of automatically interrupting the operation of the appliance (2) under the effect of the opening of the cover (3), characterized in that said means consist of at least one optical fiber (5) integral with the cover (3) and crossed in the closed position of the cover by a radiation (20) arriving at one end of the optical fiber (5) and detected at the output of this fiber by means of a transmitter (7) and a receiver (8) respectively of radiation secured to a fixed element such as for example the support or frame (1) of the device (2 ). 2.- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en que la fibre optique précitée est logée dans la poignée de manoeuvre (6) du capot (3). 2.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned optical fiber is housed in the operating handle (6) of the cover (3). 3.- Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par une succession de fibres optiques (5) chacune logées dans la poignée (6) de plusieurs capots successifs (3), l'émetteur (7) et le récepteur (8) précités étant respectivement situés à l'une et l'autre extrémité de la succession de fibres. 3.- Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a succession of optical fibers (5) each housed in the handle (6) of several successive covers (3), the transmitter (7) and the receiver (8) mentioned above being respectively located at one and the other end of the succession of fibers. 4.- Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le rayonnement (20) traversant les fibres optiques (5) réalise un ceinturage de l'appareil recouvert par une pluralité de capots (3),dans quel cas au moins un organe fixe (9) comportant une fibre optique (10) formant pont peut être prévu si nécessaire pour assurer la continuité du rayonnement passant dans les fibres optiques respectivement logées dans les poignées (6). 4.- Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radiation (20) passing through the optical fibers (5) provides a belt of the device covered by a plurality of covers (3), in which case at least one fixed member (9) comprising an optical fiber (10) forming a bridge can be provided if necessary to ensure the continuity of the radiation passing through the optical fibers respectively housed in the handles (6). 5.- Machine de conditionnement de récipients quelconques, munie d'une pluralité de capots et équipée d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4.  5. Machine for packaging any containers, provided with a plurality of covers and equipped with a device according to one of claims 1 to 4.
FR8710389A 1987-07-22 1987-07-22 Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device Pending FR2618523A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710389A FR2618523A1 (en) 1987-07-22 1987-07-22 Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710389A FR2618523A1 (en) 1987-07-22 1987-07-22 Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2618523A1 true FR2618523A1 (en) 1989-01-27

Family

ID=9353434

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR8710389A Pending FR2618523A1 (en) 1987-07-22 1987-07-22 Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
FR (1) FR2618523A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2684167A1 (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-05-28 Le Bail Hubert Microhousing with optical "contact" for sensitive electronic protection device
US20100170205A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2010-07-08 Cfs Buhl Gmbh Packaging machine with foreign substance detection
IT202100031100A1 (en) * 2021-12-13 2023-06-13 Gd Spa Product or container entry station for an operating machine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1029807A (en) * 1963-11-23 1966-05-18 Barber Electrical Services Ltd Improvement in, and design of, controlled guards for machine tools
CH490770A (en) * 1967-10-13 1970-05-15 Ver Flugtechnische Werke Control device for triggering switching processes
US4106607A (en) * 1977-03-02 1978-08-15 American Can Company Pneumatic safety system for machine enclosures
US4379289A (en) * 1979-03-08 1983-04-05 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Fiber optics security system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1029807A (en) * 1963-11-23 1966-05-18 Barber Electrical Services Ltd Improvement in, and design of, controlled guards for machine tools
CH490770A (en) * 1967-10-13 1970-05-15 Ver Flugtechnische Werke Control device for triggering switching processes
US4106607A (en) * 1977-03-02 1978-08-15 American Can Company Pneumatic safety system for machine enclosures
US4379289A (en) * 1979-03-08 1983-04-05 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Fiber optics security system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2684167A1 (en) * 1991-11-26 1993-05-28 Le Bail Hubert Microhousing with optical "contact" for sensitive electronic protection device
US20100170205A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2010-07-08 Cfs Buhl Gmbh Packaging machine with foreign substance detection
US9139320B2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2015-09-22 Gea Cfs Buhl Gmbh Packaging machine with foreign substance detection
IT202100031100A1 (en) * 2021-12-13 2023-06-13 Gd Spa Product or container entry station for an operating machine
WO2023111731A1 (en) * 2021-12-13 2023-06-22 G.D S.P.A A product- or container-inlet station for an operating machine

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2615170A1 (en) AUTOMATIC PACKAGING MACHINE OF CONTAINERS
FR2618523A1 (en) Safety device for opening a cover, lid or the like, and machine for packaging containers using this device
FR2825747A1 (en) DEVICE FOR MOVING A PIVOTALLY MOUNTED AIRCRAFT DOOR ON A SUPPORT ARM
EP2390451A1 (en) Device for operating a shutter
FR2568929A1 (en) Safety mechanism for the operation of two-leaf swing doors
FR2682852A1 (en) System for closing pens for animals, especially for pigs
FR2744101A1 (en) Plastics stopper for condiment container
FR2644366A1 (en) IMPROVEMENT ON THE SHUTTER COVERS OF APPARATUS WITH CENTRIFUGATION ROTORS
FR2663317A1 (en) DEVICE FOR CUTTING THE UPPER PART OF A CONTAINER CONSTITUTING FOR EXAMPLE A BOTTLE SPOUT.
EP1134341B1 (en) Articulated door system for vehicles, containers and similar
FR2818684A3 (en) Hinge covering system for electric household refrigerator with one or more doors and housing body having recess provided with closable access openings using door or other device
EP0334773A1 (en) Protective helmets without chin-strap and device for absorbing the movements of the retaining device of these helmets
FR2599719A1 (en) Cigar case
WO1993003410A1 (en) Device for cleaning optical parts, particularly spectacles
EP0319357B1 (en) Fume extraction outlet or similar roof opening with large displacement of the closing panel
EP1461508A1 (en) Vehicle trunk hood
FR2590236A1 (en) INVIOLABLE CLOSING DEVICE FOR BAGS, PARTICULARLY FOR BAGS FOR TRANSPORTING FUNDS
FR2628708A1 (en) Television set packing case - has cut=outs and transparent window to enable customer to see set working without it being unpacked
WO2018069364A1 (en) Casing with a pyroelectric sensor
CH652294A5 (en) LID FOR COOKING TANK.
FR2608134A1 (en) Device rendering lipsticks tamper-evident
FR2542172A1 (en) CASTING TYPE FOR MAINTAINING TWO STRANDS OF A LINK
FR2760721A1 (en) Gripping handle
EP1707413A1 (en) Vehicle with an openable element whose articulation system is equipped with a protection device
FR2685670A1 (en) Device for adapting a safety (seat) belt for a vehicle to the size of children