FR2602542A1 - Mining machine with cutter boom - Google Patents

Abstract

The mining machine has a boom (23) with cutting head (28) slewing and derricking on a vehicle (3,4). On the boom is a crushing mechanism (31) with impact tool (43), breaking up large rocks or lumps of ore (16), and movable in relation to the boom. There can be several tools alongside each other in a crusher block and parallel, and the crusher can be swung up and down about a horizontal transverse axis, folding against the boom underside when not in use.

Description

Digging or mining machine
partially cut.

 The invention relates to a mining or digging machine with partial cutting provided with a lifting boom articulated to a carrier vehicle so as to be able to pivot around a vertical pivot axis and to be able to raise and lower around a first horizontal lifting axis and carrying at its free end a cutting head, the cutting boom carrying a back-up device working by percussion, being able to raise and lower relatively to the cutting boom around a second lifting axis and the partial cutting machine having as loading device a loading table arranged at the front on the carrier vehicle, provided with a loading device and a conveyor intended for the collected cuttings, extending towards through the carrier vehicle.

 In a known partial cutting machine of this kind (DE-OS 2 304 021), a hydraulic hammer is articulated to a console of the lifting boom so that it can be raised and lowered around the second lifting axis. The hydraulic hammer can move between a rest position located back above the lifting boom and a service position in which its impact tool protrudes in the direction of advance beyond the lifting head. With the hydraulic hammer, it is a question of fragmenting too hard inclusions in the cutting face which cannot be cut by the cutting head. The hydraulic hammer is not intended to fragment pieces of rock or excessively large ore on the loading table, below the cutting boom, and is not suitable for this purpose either.

 In service, it sometimes happens that too large pieces of rock or ore collapse or fall in the form of blocks or plates which cannot be handled by the loading device of the partial cutting machine. The operator must then leave his station, which is usually at the top of the partial cut machine, and fragment the excessively large piece with an air jacket. Observations in practice have shown that because of this manual fragmentation of the too large pieces, the partial cutting machine being stopped, one must expect losses of production time of 20 to 25%.

 The utility model DE-G-82 30 528.5 discloses a device for cleaning and leveling gallery walls. The device has a shovel activated by percussion instruments, a loading table and a conveyor. On the device, an arrow is arranged laterally so as to be able to pivot, raise and lower. The boom carries a clearing and / or detachment device acting on the gallery wall in front of the loading table and which is provided, at the front, with juxtaposed and superimposed percussion instruments. There is no possibility of fragmenting too large pieces with this on the loading table.

 The problem which is the basis of the invention is to limit to a minimum the losses of production time when there are too large pieces of rock or ore on the loading table.

 This problem is solved by the fact that the second lifting axis is arranged at a lower side of the lifting boom so that with the kneading device, pieces of rock can be reached and fragmented everywhere on the loading table. or too large ore, possibly using. degrees of freedom of movement of the cutting boom. Each percussion instrument of the firecracker device may for example have an electric, pneumatic or preferably hydraulic drive. Each pneumatic or hydraulic percussion instrument may for example be provided with a percussion mechanism having a working piston and a rod percussion tool capable of being driven by the working piston, movably mounted in a guide sleeve, the percussion mechanism and the guide sleeve being housed in a casing of a percussion instrument. The second lifting axis is preferably placed horizontally.

If now, during digging or exploitation, too large pieces of rock or ore appear on the loading table, the operator does not need, in general, to leave his station on the partial cutting machine. It simply adjusts the back-up device relative to the cutting boom and can then, possibly with the aid of the degrees of freedom of movement of the cutting boom, fragment everywhere even in the shortest time on the loading table pieces of rock or ore, to the extent that the fragmented cuttings are removed. Thus, after only a minimum interruption of service for the fragmentation, one can very quickly resume the cutting service. The operational reliability is increased because the operator, during the fragmentation, is at a sufficient distance from the fragmentation region. . Before the backfiring, the cutting boom can be brought to a backfiring lifting position, for example horizontal, in which it is excluded that percussion tools of percussion instruments touch, during the backfiring, the loading or loading device. other parts of the partial cut machine.

 According to one embodiment, in the firecracker device, percussion instruments are arranged side by side and parallel in a firecracker block.

A simple and space-saving structure is thus obtained, to which any desired back-fire power can be given.

 According to another embodiment, the back-splitting device is applied, in a rest position, against the lower side of the cutting boom. It is thus well protected against falling minerals and moreover, practically does not limit the freedom of movement of the cutting boom during the cutting service.

 According to another embodiment, at least one percussion instrument of the firecracker device, or the firecracker block, can slide axially in side rails of the firecracker device. The range of this device is thus increased. In addition, it is possible to move the firecracker block in a simple manner without moving the cutting arrow, relative to the piece of rock or of ore to be fragmented or fragmented.

 According to another embodiment, parallel to the slideways, on each side of the percussion instrument (s) or of the firecracker block is disposed a advancing fluid cylinder, one end of each cylinder is articulated to the corresponding slideway in the vicinity of the second lifting axis and the other end of each jack is articulated at an outer end, remote from the second lifting axis, from a casing of the percussion instrument (s) or from the backfiring block. The mentioned relative movement can thus be carried out in a simple and effective manner. The fluid cylinders are preferably hydraulic.

 According to another embodiment, the slides are part of a guide housing which is fixed to a lifting shaft which can be driven, coaxial with the second lifting axis and mounted on the lifting boom so as to be able to rotate. This constitutes an advantageous solution for lifting and lowering the back-up device. The lifting shaft can be driven, for example, by means of an arm fixed to the lifting shaft and a hydraulic cylinder articulated to this arm.

 If the partial cut machine is so large and / or if the operator's position is arranged on it so that the operator, from his position, cannot examine the area of the loading table under the boom This can be remedied by an embodiment in which, on the carrier vehicle, is arranged laterally at the front a control station for controlling the functions of the cutting boom and the backfiring device. The operator or a second operator can then stand next to the partial cutter and control and monitor the fragmentation of excessively large pieces on the loading table.

Or, it can also be done by a transportable remote control device separate from the machine, carried and operated by an operator. This operator can either be the operator of the machine or a second operator.

The invention is explained more precisely below in connection with the exemplary embodiment represented by the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a partial cutting machine with a backfiring device;
Figure 2 shows a top view of the partial cutting machine according to Figure 1, the cutting arrow being deflected;
FIG. 3 shows detail III of FIG. 2, namely the back-fire device, in enlarged representation;
Figure 4 is a view along IV-IV of Figure 3, but without percussion tools;
Figure 5 is a view along line VV of Figure 4;
Figure 6 shows a section along the line
VI-VI of Figure 3, in enlarged representation and
Figure 7 shows a section along the line
VII-VII of Figure 3 in enlarged representation.

 FIG. 1 shows, in a gallery 1, a partial cutting machine 2 provided with a crawler undercarriage 3 and a chassis 4. The chassis 4 is supported, by means of hydraulic supports 5, on wall 6 of gallery 1 (see also figure 2). If necessary, such hydraulic supports can also be provided at the front of the partial cutting machine.

 At extensions 7 of the chassis 4 is articulated a loading table 9 extending forward towards the cutting face 8 and which can be raised and lowered by lifting cylinders 10 around a horizontal lifting axis 11 The loading table 9 is part of a cutter loading device 12 which will be described more precisely with reference to FIG. 2.

 The chassis 4 is also articulated, so as to be able to raise and lower around a horizontal lifting axis 13, a passage barrier 14 which rests at its free anterior end on supports 15 of the loading table 9 Part of the passage dam 14 is indicated in phantom in Figure 2. it is a flat element, in an arc of a circle at the front, made of thick sheet steel, the role of which is to '' prevent that too large pieces of rock or ore 16 are brought to a transport tunnel 17, in the longitudinal middle of the partial cutting machine 2. Since the passage dam 14 rests freely at the front on the supports 15, it automatically participates in all the lifting and lowering movements of the loading device.

 The loading device 12 also has a chain conveyor 18 (FIG. 2) which extends from the front end of the loading table 9, through the transport tunnel 17, to the rear end of the partial cutting machine 2. At the front, in the transverse middle of the loading table 9, a drum 19 is mounted so as to be able to turn, as a reference for the chain conveyor 18.

 On the chassis 4, a pivoting table is mounted so as to be able to pivot, by means of a rotation crown with balls 20, around a vertical pivot axis 22. At the pivot table 21 is articulated an arrow of lifting 23 and it can be raised and lowered around a first horizontal lifting axis 24 by lifting jacks 25 which are articulated, on both sides of the lifting boom 23, on the one hand, to this boom, and on the other hand, to a lower extension 26 of the pivot table 21. The cutting boom 23 has a cutting transmission 27 and carries a cutting head 28 in advance. The pivoting of the cutting boom 23 around the axis 22 is provided by pivoting cylinders 29 arranged on the two sides, which are each articulated on the one hand, to the chassis 4 and on the other hand, from the rear, to the pivoting table 21.

 At a lower side 30 of the lifting boom 23 is disposed a firecracker device 31 which can be raised and lowered around a second horizontal lifting axis 32. For this purpose, the firecracker device 31 is fixed to a shaft. lifting 33 to which is also fixed an arm 34 which can be actuated by a fluid jack 35 articulated on the other hand to the lifting boom 23.

 Above the firecracker device 31 is disposed, in the cutting arrow 23, an electric cutting motor 36 which is supplied by an electrical installation 37 on the chassis 34.

 In a rest position, the firecracker device 31 is applied by the jack 35 against the lower side 30 of the cutting boom 23. The firecracker device 31 remains in this position during the entire hoisting operation, therefore as long as the cutting head 28 is applied to the cutting face 8.

If too large a piece of rock or ore is detached or falls, the operator, either from his station 38 up on the chassis 4, or from a control station 39 arranged laterally at the front on the chassis 4, brings first of all the lifting boom 23 in the horizontal position shown in FIG. 1, above the large piece 16. Then, the back-up device 31 is lowered by an angle 40, by 900 in this case, by the rest position indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 1, up to the vertical position in solid lines in FIG. 10 If the excessively large piece 16 is not on the loading table at the location indicated in FIG. 1, but further back, for example immediately in front of the crossing dam 14, the back-up device 31 is only lowered, starting from its rest position, by a smaller angle 40 consequently, for example in the position in phantom indicated on the right in figure 1. If on the other hand, the too large piece is found e very far forward on the loading table 9, the back-up device 31 must, following the angle 40, be lifted from another angle 41, by a maximum of 300 in the example shown. The limit position is indicated on the left in Figure 1, also in phantom. Thus, by lifting and lowering the firecracker device 31 and possibly pivoting the lifting boom 23 around the pivot axis 22, one can reach practically any point on the loading table, to break too much big 16 on it.

 The firecracker device 31 has a guide casing 42 in which can slide in the axial direction a firecracker block 44 composed in the present case of four percussion instruments 43. This sliding is ensured by fluid advancement cylinders 45 arranged to each side of the firecracker block 44 and which are articulated on the one hand, to the guide housing 42, and on the other hand, to a lateral extension 46 (see also Figure 3) of the firecracker block -44. Thus, it is possible to slide the firecracker block 44 relative to the guide housing to an optimal working position relative to the too large piece 16, without having to raise or lower the cutting boom 23 as a whole around it. of the first lifting axis 24.

 All these functions can be operated both from the driver's station 38 and from the lateral control station 39.

 At the rear of the partial cut machine 2, electric motors 47 each actuate a series 48 of hydraulic pumps with which the various hydraulic consumers are supplied. Electric drives 49 on both sides of the chain conveyor 18 (FIG. 2) drive a rear side drive shaft 50 of the chain conveyor 18.

 When the firecracker 31 has sufficiently fragmented the piece of rock or excessively large ore 16, the cuttings can be evacuated backwards by the loading device 12, in the usual way, by the partial cutting machine 2. The firecracker block 44 is then introduced into the guide housing 42 and the entire firecracker device 31 is raised to its rest position indicated in dotted lines in FIG. 1.

Then, we can resume the cutting service with the cutting head 28.

 The firecracker block 44 can have more or less than four percussion instruments. In the borderline case, a single percussion instrument 43 also suffices which then takes the place of the back-fire block 44.

 FIG. 2 shows that the loading device 12 has an integrated loading device 51 in the form of "lobster claws" which are in themselves known and therefore are not described here more precisely. The loading device 51 leads to the chain conveyor 18 the cuttings which are on the loading table 9 and possibly also too large pieces 16 (FIG. 1). The chain conveyor 18 takes up the cuttings and leads them backwards, with its coaches 52 directed transversely, by the transport tunnel 17, through the partial cut machine 2.

 Figures 3 to 5 show the firecracker device 31 in different views.

 FIG. 3 shows that the lifting shaft 33 is mounted so as to be able to rotate on both sides in a divided bearing 54 fixed by screws 53 to the lower side 30 of the lifting boom 23. The arm 34 is arranged in an integral manner in rotation on the lifting shaft 33, with a key 55. The end of the lifting cylinder 35 which is opposite the arm is articulated to connecting lugs 56 from the underside 30 of the lifting boom 23.

 The guide casing 42 has, on each side of the backlash block 44, a slide 57, 58 extending parallel to the backlash block 44. The slide 57 is welded to a lateral extension 59 which is fixed, by clamping sleeves 60, to the lifting shaft 33. At the extension 59 is articulated one of the ends of the corresponding advancing cylinder 45.

 Similarly, the slide 58 is welded to a lateral extension 61 which is integrally connected in rotation, by means of a key 62, to the lifting shaft 33. At the extension 61 is also articulated an end from the other advancement cylinder 45.

 The guide housing 42 also has a solid connection plate 63 which is first fixed to the rails 57, 58 by screws 64, for adjustment, and which is then welded to the rails 57, 58 This is the case for the side of the connection plate 63 which is on the left in FIG. 3 while its right side is first of all welded immediately to the slide 58. When the advancement jacks 45 are retracted according to In FIG. 3, the connecting plate 63 practically covers, while protecting it, the entire back-up block 44.

 The slides 57, 58 are each provided, on the sides facing one another, with a V-shaped guide groove 65 in which engages each time so as to be able to slide axially a guide profile 66 of shape complementary, welded laterally to a casing 67 of the backlash block 44. In FIG. 3, at the lower ends of the guide sections 66 are welded, by stiffening them, the lateral extensions 46 of the backlash block.

 The casing 67 is constituted by opposite side walls 68 and 69 and transverse walls 70 and 71 welded to these, to which cover plates 72 are screwed by screws 73. The casing 67 delimits a cavity in which is fixed, at the top of FIG. 3, a hydraulic fluid distribution block 74 extending transversely. The distribution block 74 has housing openings 75 arranged side by side, for the rear ends 76 of the percussion instruments 43. In addition, the distribution block 74 is provided with a hydraulic pressure connection 77, a reflux connection 78 and a pneumatic hydraulic pressure accumulator 79.

 The casing 67 carries, at the bottom of FIG. 3, a housing block extending transversely 80, provided with perforations 81 parallel to one another for housing the free ends 82 (FIG. 6) of housings 83 of percussion instruments 43. In each free end 82 is inserted a housing sleeve 84 which is fixed to the housing block 80 by four screws 85 (Figure 4).

In each housing sleeve 84 is inserted a guide sleeve 86 in bronze which constitutes a wearing part and which can be changed if necessary. The guide sleeve 86 guides in axial direction a steel rod 87 of a percussion tool 88 of the percussion instrument 43, constituted externally in a manner similar to a chisel.

 Each rod 87 is provided, according to FIG. 3, with an elongated lateral countersink 89 in which engages a part of the circumference of a pin with a high damping power 90 (FIG. 7) pressed through the housing block 80. Each pin high damping power 90 is secured by a securing screw 91. In this way, the rod 87, which can also slide freely axially in the guide sleeve 86, is prevented from falling out of the guide sleeve 86 when the device backlash 31 is tilted down. The countersink 89 also prevents, in cooperation with the pin 90, that the rod 87, with the percussion tool, cannot rotate around its longitudinal axis. This securing against rotation is necessary as long as the percussion tools 88 are not symmetrical in rotation.

 According to Figure 6, in the housing 83 is inserted a hydraulic percussion mechanism 92. The rear end 76 of a parallel percussion mechanism of this kind 92 is visible in Figure 3. Each percussion mechanism 92 is supported by its casing on the corresponding housing sleeve 84, by means of Belleville springs 93. A working piston 94 of the percussion mechanism 92 acts on an internal end of the rod 87 when the latter has been pushed inwards by the piece of rock or ore too large to fragment 16 according to FIG. 6. The internal control, not shown and in itself known, of the percussion mechanism 92 prevents idle strokes of the working piston 94 as long as the latter is not pressed far enough inside the percussion mechanism 92 by the rod 87. In particular, no-load strokes do not occur when the percussion tool 88 hangs down and has no contact with the fragrance piece nter 16.

 Figure 7 shows that the securing screw 91 and its nut 95 each apply against a disc 96, 97, these resting against a shoulder 98, 99 of a perforation 100 of the housing block 80, housing the high damping pin 90.

Claims (7)

 1.- Mining machine for digging or operating in partial cut (2) provided with a lifting boom (23) articulated to a carrier vehicle (3, 4) so as to be able to pivot around a vertical pivot axis (22) and able to be raised and lowered around a first horizontal lifting axis (24) and carrying at its free end a cutting head (28), the cutting boom (23) carrying a firecracking device (31) working by percussion, being able to raise and lower relative to the lifting boom (23) around a second lifting axis (32) and the partial cutting machine (2) having as loading device (12 ) a loading table (9) arranged at the front on the carrier vehicle (3, 4), provided with a loading device (51) and with a conveyor (18) intended for the collected cuttings, extending towards the rear through the carrier vehicle (3, 4), machine characterized in that the second lifting axis (32) is arranged at a lower side of the beam chopping head (23) so that with the backfiring device, it is possible to reach and fragment everywhere on the loading table (9) pieces of rock or excessively large ore (16), possibly using the degrees of freedom of movement of the lifting boom (23).  2.- Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the firecracker device (31), percussion instruments (43) are arranged side by side and parallel to each other in a firecracker block (44).  3.- Machine according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the backfiring device (31) is applied, in a rest position, against the lower side (30) of the cutting boom (23) .  4.- Machine according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that at least one percussion instrument (43) of the firecracker device (31), or the firecracker block (44), can slide axially in lateral slides (57, 58) of the back-splitting device (31).  5.- Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that parallel to the slides (57, 58), on each side of the percussion instrument (s) (43) or the back-up block (44) is arranged a fluid cylinder d advancement (45), that one end of each cylinder (45) is articulated to the corresponding slide (57, 58) in the vicinity of the second lifting axis (32) and that the other end of each cylinder (45) is articulated at an outer end, remote from the second lifting axis (32), from a casing (67) of the percussion instrument (s) or of the backfiring block (44).  6.- Machine according to one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the slides (57, 58) are part of a guide housing (42) which is fixed to a lifting shaft (33) which can be driven, coaxial with the second lifting axis (32) and mounted on the lifting boom (23) so as to be able to rotate.  7.- Machine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the carrier vehicle (3, 4) is arranged laterally at the front a control station (39) for controlling the functions of the boom of havage (23) and of the backfiring device (31).