FR2599119A1 - Method and device for delivering small quantities of a cryogenic liquid. - Google Patents

Method and device for delivering small quantities of a cryogenic liquid. Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2599119A1
FR2599119A1 FR8607448A FR8607448A FR2599119A1 FR 2599119 A1 FR2599119 A1 FR 2599119A1 FR 8607448 A FR8607448 A FR 8607448A FR 8607448 A FR8607448 A FR 8607448A FR 2599119 A1 FR2599119 A1 FR 2599119A1
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container
pressure
liquid
passage
location
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FR8607448A
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French (fr)
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FR2599119B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Yves Thonnelier
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Air Liquide SA
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Air Liquide SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/006—Adding fluids for preventing deformation of filled and closed containers or wrappers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0276—Laboratory or other miniature devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Abstract

According to the invention, a regulated flow of gas is liquefied by means of a bath 9 of the same substance in the liquid state held at a lower pressure, in the immediate vicinity of the location 1 where it is to be used. Application in the filling of shock absorbers with gas or in the pressurisation of tins of food 2.

Description

DESCRIPTION
la presente invention est relative à un procédé et un dispositif pour fournir de petites quantités d'un liquide cryogEnique, notamment d'azote liquide.DESCRIPTION
the present invention relates to a method and a device for supplying small quantities of a cryogenic liquid, in particular liquid nitrogen.

La mattrise des tres faibles debits de liquide cryogénique, notamment d'azote liquide, pose des problèmes spécifiques : le rapport entre les entrées de chaleur et le débit liquide les subissant est très défavorable, et l'écoulement est généralement très largement dipoasique au point d'utilisation, en dépit de toutes les précautions prises dans l'isolation thermique des lignes de transport et des accessoires. De tels écoulements sont difficiles à maîtriser : le liquide est dispersé par le gaz, l'écoulement est pulsatoire (alternance de liquide et de bouchons gazeux), et il est difficile de réguler dans de telles conditions. The control of very low flow rates of cryogenic liquid, in particular liquid nitrogen, poses specific problems: the ratio between the heat inputs and the liquid flow undergoing them is very unfavorable, and the flow is generally very largely dipoasic at the point d 'use, despite all the precautions taken in the thermal insulation of transmission lines and accessories. Such flows are difficult to control: the liquid is dispersed by the gas, the flow is pulsating (alternating liquid and gas plugs), and it is difficult to regulate under such conditions.

Ce type de fonctionnement est encore acceptable dans certaines applications où, au point d'utilisation, l'inertie du systBme utilisateur permet d'amortir les fluctuations de l'écoulement. Par contre, dans certains cas, le liquide doit être délivre au point d'utilisation de façon parfaitement continue et contrôlée, ou encore d'une façon périodique correspondant, par exemple, au traitement d'une succession d'éléments défilant à grande cadence sur une chatte et qui doivent recevoir chacun une quantité bien précise d'azote liquide dans un créneau de temps parfaitement déterminé.A titre d'exemple de tels cas, on citera le remplissage en gaz des amortisseurs, le refroidissement de lampes avant conditionnement sous gaz rare, ou certains conditionnements d'emballages, notamment la pressurisation de boîtes de conserves. This type of operation is still acceptable in certain applications where, at the point of use, the inertia of the user system makes it possible to dampen the fluctuations in flow. On the other hand, in certain cases, the liquid must be delivered at the point of use in a perfectly continuous and controlled manner, or alternatively in a periodic manner corresponding, for example, to the treatment of a succession of elements scrolling at high rate over a cat and which must each receive a very precise quantity of liquid nitrogen in a perfectly determined time slot. As an example of such cases, we will mention the filling of gas with shock absorbers, the cooling of lamps before conditioning under rare gas , or certain packaging conditions, in particular the pressurization of cans.

Dans ces ces cas, un débit moyen stable n'est plus suffisant, il faut assurer la parfaite régularité instantanée du débit, ou de la séquence de débit, pour pouvoir assurer à chaque élement un traitement identique. In these cases, a stable average flow is no longer sufficient, it is necessary to ensure perfect instantaneous regularity of the flow, or of the flow sequence, in order to be able to ensure identical treatment for each element.

L'invention a pour but de fournir un procodé et un dispositif permettant de délivrer de tres faibles quantités de liquide cryogénique monophasique à l'emplacement d'utilisation, en continu ou en séances contrôlées en fonction du temps.  The object of the invention is to provide a procodé and a device making it possible to deliver very small quantities of monophasic cryogenic liquid to the place of use, continuously or in sessions controlled as a function of time.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé pour délivrer en un emplacement d'utilisation de petites quantités d'un corps à l'état de liquide cryogénique, caractérisé en ce qu'on produit le liquide à proximité immédiate dudit emplacement par liquéfaction d'un courant du mamie corps à l'état gazeux au moyen d'un liquide frigorigene.  To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for delivering small quantities of a body in the state of cryogenic liquid to a location for use, characterized in that the liquid is produced in the immediate vicinity of said location by liquefaction of a stream of the granny body in the gaseous state by means of a refrigerant.

Dans un mode de mise en oeuvre préféré, on fait passer le courant gazeux à une première pression dans un échangeur de chaleur refroidi par le même corps à l'état liquide et sous une seconde pression inférieure à cette première pression. In a preferred embodiment, the gas stream is passed at a first pressure in a heat exchanger cooled by the same body in the liquid state and at a second pressure lower than this first pressure.

L'invention a également pour objet un dispositif destiné à la mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé. Ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce qu'il cceprend un récipient relié à une source d'un liquide frigorigène et dans lequel est dispose un échangeur de chaleur, cet échangeur comportant un passage qui est relié à l'attait par une conduite d'alimentation à une source dudit corps à l'état gazeux et qui débouche à 1 'aval à proximité immédiate dudit emplacement d'utilisation. The invention also relates to a device intended for the implementation of such a method. This device is characterized in that it comprises a container connected to a source of a refrigerant and in which a heat exchanger is arranged, this exchanger comprising a passage which is connected to the ground by a supply line to a source of said body in the gaseous state and which opens downstream in the immediate vicinity of said location of use.

Quelques exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention vont maintenant être décrits en regard des dessins annexés, sur lesquels
"a figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif conforme à l'invention; et
Les figures 2 à 4 sont des vues analogues de trois variantes.Some examples of implementation of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
"A Figure 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the invention; and
Figures 2 to 4 are similar views of three variants.

Le dispositif représenté à la figure 1 est destiné à fournir en un emplacanent d'utilisation 1 un débit continu et faible d'azote liquide, par exemple de l'ordre de quelques litres par heure. The device represented in FIG. 1 is intended to provide, in a usage location 1, a continuous and low flow rate of liquid nitrogen, for example of the order of a few liters per hour.

Dans l'exemple illustré, ce filet d'azote liquide sert à délivrer à une succession de boîtes de conserve 2, remplies d'une boisson plate 3, portées par un convoyeur 4 et défilant à grande vitesse à l'oeplacement 1, une petite quantité bien déterminée d'azote liquide. Snrddiatement en aval de l'emplacement 1, un couvercle est serti sur chaque boite 2, et la vaporisation de 1' azote liquide assure une pressurisation de ces boites, ce qui permet leur manutention et leur transport sans risque de déforination, même si l'épaisseur de leur paroi est faible.In the example illustrated, this stream of liquid nitrogen is used to deliver to a succession of cans 2, filled with a flat drink 3, carried by a conveyor 4 and scrolling at high speed at location 1, a small well-defined amount of liquid nitrogen. Right downstream of location 1, a cover is crimped onto each box 2, and the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen ensures pressurization of these boxes, which allows them to be handled and transported without risk of deformation, even if the their wall thickness is small.

Le dispositif comprend essentiellement un recipient thermiqueent isolé 5, disposé au-dessus de l'emplacement 1 et pou d'une conduite 6 d'amenée d'azote liquide, laquelle est équipée d'une électrovanne de laminage 7 fonctionnant en tout ou rien. The device essentially comprises an insulated thermal container 5, placed above location 1 and for a pipe 6 for supplying liquid nitrogen, which is equipped with a rolling solenoid valve 7 operating in all or nothing.

Cette électrovanne est mandée par un contrôleur de niveau 8 à pression différentielle, ce qui assure le maintien dans le récipient 5 d'un bain d'azote liquide 9 à niveau à peu près constant. This solenoid valve is controlled by a level controller 8 at differential pressure, which ensures the maintenance in the container 5 of a liquid nitrogen bath 9 at approximately constant level.

L'azote liquide arrive dans le récipient à la pression atmosphérique, et l'azote vaporisé est évacué à l'atmosphère par une conduite de dégazage 10 partant du scnmet du récipient 5.The liquid nitrogen arrives in the container at atmospheric pressure, and the vaporized nitrogen is evacuated to the atmosphere by a degassing pipe 10 starting from the scnmet of the container 5.

Le dispositif comprend également un serpentin 11 d'échange de chaleur entièrement imnergé dans le bain 9. A l1arront, ce serpentin est relié à une conduite 12 d'alimentation en azote gazeux équipée d'un détendeur 13 et reliee elle-même à une source d'azote gazeux sous pression. Entre le détendeur et le récipient 5, un échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 14 peut être prévu pour mettre en relation d'échange thermique à contre-courant les conduites 10 et 12 et, ainsi, récupérer les frigories de l'azote vaporisé dans le récipient 5. A l'aval, la sortie du serpentin 11 est reliée à un tube capillaire 15 qui traverse le fond inférieur du récipient 5 et se termine en un point immédiatement adjacent à l'emplacement 1. The device also comprises a coil 11 for heat exchange fully immersed in the bath 9. Upstream, this coil is connected to a pipe 12 for supplying gaseous nitrogen equipped with a regulator 13 and itself connected to a source nitrogen gas under pressure. Between the regulator and the container 5, an auxiliary heat exchanger 14 can be provided to put the heat pipes 10 and 12 in countercurrent relation and, thus, recover the frigories of the nitrogen vaporized in the container 5 Downstream, the outlet of the coil 11 is connected to a capillary tube 15 which passes through the lower bottom of the container 5 and ends at a point immediately adjacent to location 1.

"a conduite 6 est therniquement isolée, ainsi que la partie des conduites 10 et 12 située entre le récipient 5 et l'échangeur 14, tandis que la partie restante des conduites 10 et 12, étant à la teppérature ambiante, n'est pas thermiquement isolée. Dans l'extple représenté, la conduite 6 est reliée à la partie inférieure d'un réservoir 16 d'azote liquide de capacité très supérieure à celle du récipient 5, maintenu sous une pression de l'ordre 3 à 4 bars absolus, et la conduite 12 est également reliée à la partie inférieure du même réservoir 16 et est pourvue d'un vaporiseur-réchauffeur 12A. En variante, la conduite 12 pourrait être reliée à toute autre source d'azote sous pression, par exemple à un cadre de bouteilles. "the pipe 6 is thermally insulated, as well as the part of the pipes 10 and 12 located between the container 5 and the exchanger 14, while the remaining part of the pipes 10 and 12, being at ambient temperature, is not thermally In the extender shown, the pipe 6 is connected to the lower part of a reservoir 16 of liquid nitrogen with a capacity much higher than that of the container 5, maintained under a pressure of the order of 3 to 4 bar absolute, and line 12 is also connected to the lower part of the same tank 16 and is provided with a vaporizer-heater 12A. As a variant, line 12 could be connected to any other source of pressurized nitrogen, for example to a frame bottles.

En fonctionnement, on veut délivrer à l'emplacement 1 un débit continu et faible d'azote liquide à la pression atmosphérique. In operation, we want to deliver to location 1 a continuous and low flow of liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure.

Pour ce débit, le capillaire 15 produit une perte de charge déterminée, par exemple de 0,2 bar pour-un débit de 5 1/h, ce qui correspond à un tube de 1 mm de diamètre intérieur et de 0,5 m de long. On règle le détendeur 13 de façon à fournir l'azote gazeux au serpentin 11 sous 1,2 bar absolu. Sous cette pression, la température de liquéfaction de l'azote est suffisant supérieure à la temperature du bain 9, maintenu à la pression atmosphérique, pour que le passage du gaz dans le serpentin 11 provoque sa liquéfaction et, compte tenu de la longueur de ce serpentin, son sous-refroidissement, en vaporisant de 1' azote du bain 9.For this flow, the capillary 15 produces a determined pressure drop, for example 0.2 bar for a flow of 5 l / h, which corresponds to a tube with an internal diameter of 1 mm and 0.5 m of long. The regulator 13 is adjusted so as to supply nitrogen gas to the coil 11 at 1.2 bar absolute. Under this pressure, the nitrogen liquefaction temperature is sufficient above the temperature of the bath 9, maintained at atmospheric pressure, so that the passage of the gas in the coil 11 causes its liquefaction and, taking into account the length of this coil, its sub-cooling, by spraying nitrogen from the bath 9.

On obtient ainsi à l'emplacement 1 le filet d'azote liquide désiré, et le débit d'azote liquide peut être réglé très simplement par réglage du détendeur 13, qui est à la température ambiante. Ainsi, le réglage du débit d'azote liquide ne provoque aucune entrée de chaleur parasite au voisinage de l'e'placement d'utilisation. There is thus obtained at location 1 the desired liquid nitrogen stream, and the liquid nitrogen flow rate can be adjusted very simply by adjusting the regulator 13, which is at room temperature. Thus, the adjustment of the liquid nitrogen flow rate does not cause any entry of parasitic heat in the vicinity of the use location.

De plus, pour un tube capillaire 15 donné, on obtient un jet d'azote liquide directionnel ayant une vitesse initiale de sortie, vitesse qui peut-être réglée facilement, en même temps que le débit, par simple variation de la pression délivre par le détendeur 13.In addition, for a given capillary tube 15, a directional liquid nitrogen jet is obtained having an initial exit speed, a speed which can be easily adjusted, at the same time as the flow rate, by simple variation of the pressure delivered by the regulator 13.

Les variantes des figures 2 à 4 canprennent les mêmes éléments et fonctionnent de la même manière que celles de la figure 1, bien que certains éléments (contrôleur de niveau 8, échangeur de chaleur auxiliaire 14, réservoir 16) aient été anis sur ces dessins pour plus de clarté. Elles n'en diffèrent que par les points suivants
- Figure 2 : Le récipient 5 présente à sa partie inférieure un appendice tubulaire 17, en pente légèrement descendante, qui s'étend jusqu'à l'esplacement 1, lequel n'est plus à l'aplanb du récipient cxne à la figure 1. Le capillaire 15 s'étend dans cet appendice et sort à l'air libre à l'extrémite inférieure de celui-ci. The variants of FIGS. 2 to 4 can have the same elements and operate in the same way as those of FIG. 1, although certain elements (level controller 8, auxiliary heat exchanger 14, tank 16) have been aniseed in these drawings to more clarity. They differ only in the following points
- Figure 2: The container 5 has at its lower part a tubular appendage 17, slightly descending slope, which extends to the space 1, which is no longer at the plane of the container cxne in Figure 1 The capillary 15 extends in this appendage and exits in the open air at the lower end thereof.

De cette extrémité part un tube de recyclage vertical 18 qui débouche par un coude, à son extrémité supérieure, dans la partie supérieure du récipient 5. L'appendice 17 et le tube 18 sont thermiquement isolés à l'exception d'un petit tronçon 19 de ce tube. L'entrée de chaleur ainsi provoquée en 19 assure une convection permanente de l'azote liquide du récipient 5 à l'appendice 17, au tube 18 et de nouveau jusqu'au récipient. Ainsi, le capillaire 15 est constaiaent maintenu à la température de l'azote liquide jusqu'à l'emplacement 1, sans qu'aucun bouchon gazeux puisse se former.From this end leaves a vertical recycling tube 18 which opens by an elbow, at its upper end, into the upper part of the container 5. The appendix 17 and the tube 18 are thermally insulated with the exception of a small section 19 of this tube. The heat input thus caused in 19 ensures permanent convection of the liquid nitrogen from the container 5 to the appendix 17, to the tube 18 and again to the container. Thus, the capillary 15 is constaiaent maintained at the temperature of liquid nitrogen up to location 1, without any gas plug can form.

- Figure 3 : Juste en aval du détendeur 13, la conduite 12 est équipée d'une électrovanne 20 ; juste en aval de celleci, une conduite de dérivation 21 piquée sur la conduite 12 et équipée d'une électrovanne 22 débouche à l'air libre. Les électrovannes 20 et 22 sont camE:ndées simultanément de façon que lorsqu'une d'elles est or'erte, l'autre soit fermée. Ainsi, pour délivrer de l'azote liquide par le tubulaire 15, on ouvre 1 'électrovanne 20, ce qui correspond à la situation de la figure 1.Pour arrêter l'écoulement d'azote liquide, on ferme cette électrovanne 20 et on ouvre l'électrovanne 22, de sorte que le serpentin 11 est mis à I'atmosphère ; par suite, l'azote liquide contenu dans ce serpentin ne peut plus traverser le capillaire et la liquéfaction s'arrête. Cependant, une réserve d'azote liquide subsiste dans le serpentin 11, ce qui permet de reprendre instantanement la fourniture d'azote liquide par une nouvelle inversion des électrovannes 20 et 22. Cette variante permet donc d'obtenir un fonctionnement séquentiel précis du dispositif, avec des arrêts et reprises instantanés de l'écoulement d'azote liquide monophasique. - Figure 3: Just downstream of the regulator 13, the line 12 is equipped with a solenoid valve 20; just downstream of this, a bypass line 21 stuck on line 12 and equipped with a solenoid valve 22 opens into the open air. The solenoid valves 20 and 22 are camE: ed simultaneously so that when one of them is open, the other is closed. Thus, to deliver liquid nitrogen through the tubular 15, one opens the solenoid valve 20, which corresponds to the situation in Figure 1. To stop the flow of liquid nitrogen, one closes this solenoid valve 20 and opens the solenoid valve 22, so that the coil 11 is put into the atmosphere; as a result, the liquid nitrogen contained in this coil can no longer pass through the capillary and the liquefaction stops. However, a reserve of liquid nitrogen remains in the coil 11, which makes it possible to instantly resume the supply of liquid nitrogen by a new inversion of the solenoid valves 20 and 22. This variant therefore makes it possible to obtain precise sequential operation of the device, with instantaneous stops and resumptions of the flow of monophasic liquid nitrogen.

- Figure 4 : Cette variante permet elle aussi d'arrêter et de reprendre à volonté l'écoulement d'azote liquide. Le récipient 5 comporte comme à la figure 2 un circuit appendice 17 - tube ascendant de retour 18, avec éventuellement une entrée de chaleur volontaire sur ce dernier. Le tube capillaire 15 suit l'appendice 17 et la partie verticale du tube 18, et sort de la partie supérieure de celui-ci, pour se terminer par une crosse dont l'ouverture finale 23 est dirigée vers le bas. Un tube coudé 24 est monté pivotant dans un joint tournant 25 prévu à 1 'extrémité supérieure du récipient 5 et comporte à son extrémité supérieure une coupelle 26. Dans une première position du tube 24, illustrée en trait plein, la coupelle 26 est disposée sous l'ouverture 23 ; l'écoulement permanent d'azote liquide est ainsi intercepté et renvoyé dans le récipient 5 par le tube 4. Dans une deuxième position, illustrée en trait mixte, la coupelle 26 est escamotée, et l'écoulement d'azote liquide parvient librement à l'emplacement d'utilisation 1, situé dans ce cas juste au-dessous de l'ouverture 23.  - Figure 4: This variant also allows to stop and resume at will the flow of liquid nitrogen. The container 5 comprises, as in FIG. 2, an appendage circuit 17 - ascending return tube 18, with possibly a voluntary heat input on the latter. The capillary tube 15 follows the appendix 17 and the vertical part of the tube 18, and leaves the upper part thereof, to end in a stock whose final opening 23 is directed downwards. A bent tube 24 is pivotally mounted in a rotating joint 25 provided at the upper end of the container 5 and has at its upper end a cup 26. In a first position of the tube 24, illustrated in solid lines, the cup 26 is disposed under opening 23; the permanent flow of liquid nitrogen is thus intercepted and returned to the container 5 by the tube 4. In a second position, illustrated in phantom, the cup 26 is retracted, and the flow of liquid nitrogen freely reaches the 'location of use 1, located in this case just below the opening 23.

Claims (11)

REVENDICeICNS 1. Procédé pour délivrer en un emplacement d'utilisation (1) de petites quantités d'un corps à l'état de liquide cryogénique, caractérisé en ce qu'on produit le liquide à proximité immédiate dudit emplacement (1) par liquéfaction d'un courant du meme corps à l'état gazeux au moyen d'un liquide frigorigène. 1. Method for delivering in a location of use (1) small quantities of a body in the state of cryogenic liquid, characterized in that the liquid is produced in the immediate vicinity of said location (1) by liquefaction of a current of the same body in the gaseous state by means of a refrigerant. 2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait passer le courant gazeux à une première pression dans un échangeur de chaleur (11) refroidi par le morne corps à l'état liquide (9) et sous une seconde pression inférieure à cette première pression. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas stream is passed at a first pressure in a heat exchanger (11) cooled by the dreary body in the liquid state (9) and under a second lower pressure at this first press. 3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite seconde pression est la pression atmosphérique. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said second pressure is atmospheric pressure. 4. Dispositif pour délivrer en un emplacement d'utilisation (1) de petites quantités d'un corps à l'état de liquide cryogénique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un récipient (5) relié à une source (16) d'un liquide frigorigène et dans lequel est disposé un échangeur de chaleur (11), cet échangeur comportant un passage qui est relié à l'amont par une conduite d'alimentation (12) à une source (16) dudit corps à 1' état gazeux et qui débouche à 1' aval à proximité immédiate dudit emplacement d'utilisation (1). 4. Device for delivering in a place of use (1) small quantities of a body in the state of cryogenic liquid, characterized in that it comprises a container (5) connected to a source (16) of a refrigerant and in which is disposed a heat exchanger (11), this exchanger comprising a passage which is connected upstream by a supply line (12) to a source (16) of said body in one gaseous state and which opens downstream in the immediate vicinity of said location of use (1). 5. Dispositif suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le liquide frigorigène est ledit corps à l'état liquide, et en ce que la conduite d'alimentation (12) colporte des moyens (13) pour réguler la pression du gaz sur une valeur supérieure à la pression régnant dans le récipient. 5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the refrigerant is said body in the liquid state, and in that the supply line (12) peddles means (13) for regulating the pressure of the gas on a value greater than the pressure prevailing in the container. 6. Dispositif suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit passage débouche à l'extérieur du récipient (5) par l'intermédiaire d'un organe de création d'une perte de charge. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said passage opens out of the container (5) by means of a member for creating a pressure drop. 7. Dispositif suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit organe (15) est adapté pour créer une perte de charge proportionnelle au débit qui le traverse et est notant un tube capillaire.  7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that said member (15) is adapted to create a pressure drop proportional to the flow which passes through it and is noted a capillary tube. 8. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il canprend des moyens (20,22) pour, siJnultanement, interranpre l'alimentation en gaz de l'échangeur de chaleur (11) et ramener la pression régnant dans ledit passage à la valeur de la pression régnant dans le récipient (5). 8. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it canprpr means (20,22) for, siJnultanement, interranpre gas supply to the heat exchanger (11) and bring the pressure prevailing in said passage to the value of the pressure prevailing in the container (5). 9. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le récipient (5) est pourvu à sa partie supérieure d'une conduite de dégazage (10) disposee en relation d'échange thermique (14) avec ladite conduite d'alimentation (12). 9. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the container (5) is provided at its upper part with a degassing pipe (10) arranged in heat exchange relation (14) with said supply line (12). 10. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le récipient (5) est pourvu à sa partie inférieure d'un appendice (17) traverse par la partie aval (15) dudit passage, des moyens, notaient à convection (18,19), étant prévus pour assurer en permanence une circulation du liquide frigorigène (9) dans cet appendice. 10. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the container (5) is provided at its lower part with an appendage (17) traversed by the downstream part (15) of said passage, means, noted convection (18,19), being provided to permanently ensure a circulation of the refrigerant (9) in this appendix. 11. Dispositif suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il ccoprend des moyens (24,26) pour ramener sélectivement dans le récipient (5) le liquide sortant dudit passage.  11. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that it includes means (24, 26) for selectively bringing back into the container (5) the liquid leaving said passage.
FR8607448A 1986-05-26 1986-05-26 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DELIVERING SMALL QUANTITIES OF A CRYOGENIC LIQUID Expired FR2599119B1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

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EP0744577A2 (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-27 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogen delivery apparatus
NL1005723C2 (en) * 1997-04-04 1998-10-07 Thomassen & Drijver Liquid nitrogen delivery device.
WO2014170583A1 (en) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-23 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and facility for supplying at least one machining station with subcooled cryogenic liquid
EP2863103A3 (en) * 2013-09-03 2015-05-06 Messer Group GmbH Device and method for supercooling carbon dioxide

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EP0038673A2 (en) * 1980-04-17 1981-10-28 Union Carbide Corporation Apparatus and process for delivering liquid cryogen
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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0744577A2 (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-27 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogen delivery apparatus
EP0744577A3 (en) * 1995-05-24 1998-01-21 The Boc Group, Inc. Cryogen delivery apparatus
CN1126921C (en) * 1995-05-24 2003-11-05 波克股份有限公司 Cryogen delivery apparatus
NL1005723C2 (en) * 1997-04-04 1998-10-07 Thomassen & Drijver Liquid nitrogen delivery device.
WO1998045642A1 (en) * 1997-04-04 1998-10-15 Impress Metal Packaging B.V. Device for dispensing liquid nitrogen
WO2014170583A1 (en) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-23 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and facility for supplying at least one machining station with subcooled cryogenic liquid
FR3004784A1 (en) * 2013-04-18 2014-10-24 Air Liquide METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING AT LEAST ONE WORKING UNIT IN SUB-COOLING CRYOGENIC LIQUID
CN105143753A (en) * 2013-04-18 2015-12-09 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 Method and facility for supplying at least one machining station with subcooled cryogenic liquid
JP2016519263A (en) * 2013-04-18 2016-06-30 レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード Method and facility for supplying subcooled cryogenic liquid to at least one machining station
CN105143753B (en) * 2013-04-18 2017-12-12 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 Method and apparatus for providing from supercooling cryogenic liquid at least one machining station
EP2863103A3 (en) * 2013-09-03 2015-05-06 Messer Group GmbH Device and method for supercooling carbon dioxide

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