FR2598448A1 - Structures of buildings with prefabricated panels and method for constructing such structures. - Google Patents

Abstract

Structures of buildings with prefabricated panels consisting of slabs 18, 19 with ribbed edges, the wall panels being coupled in the areas where thermal insulation is required, the ribs being used as formwork for the tie columns 23 and beams, forming the load-bearing structure and providing the connection between panels, the height of the wall panels extending from tie to tie and the columns being coupled in the said areas, at least one insulating element 22 being placed between the coupled panels 18, 19 and coupled columns, characterised by the fact that at least one insulating layer is continuous in the whole extent of the wall with coupled slabs, this continuity being broken by an approximately horizontal opening at each fastening point between the outermost column of each pair of columns and each tie 23. Method for constructing such structures.

Description

The subject of the present invention is improvements to the structures of buildings and to the methods of constructing these buildings using hollow assemblies or elements themselves constituted by association of prefabricated panels, preferably made of concrete, between which insulators may be interposed. , especially for the elements separating the exterior from the interior (walls, roofs, terraces or others).

In the prior art have been described innumerable prefabricated systems or not with double walls, but if these appeared since antiquity, the evolution of the techniques called upon elements of increasingly larger dimensions.

However, if this development has made it possible both to reduce assembly time and cost prices, to improve the quality of components and buildings, and in particular the insulation, while obtaining good resistance, in particular anti-seismic.

But one of the delicate points lies in the fact that the connection between the two opposite constituents of the same element must be joined together, which leads to the existence of thermal bridges. The problem is therefore to reduce them to reduce energy losses without reducing the mechanical strength of the assembly, which is generally considered to be incompatible.

The depositor of the present has thus marked stages by progressing in this direction.

In French patent 69/33691 of October 1, 1969, hollow construction elements were described obtained by back-to-back joining of substantially identical prefabricated finished panels, the joining being carried out by bringing in contact in a vertical plane with transverse ribs, these ribs. being located at the bottom of the panels, on the one hand, and at the bottom of the chaining tank, on the other hand, these two panels also have vertically oblique rebates delimiting between two successive elements hollow walls of the housings with a double dovetail section used for the casting of the connecting framework posts ensuring longitudinal cohesion.

In French patent 78/61158 of JANUARY 17, 1978 are described elements derived from the preceding ones with particular provisions for the angles, the openings. As in the previous patent, if the mechanical resistance is remarkable, significant thermal bridges still remain. It is obvious that for premises used for housing or offices, there is an interest in reducing the resulting energy losses.

In the patents 2,444,764. December 18, 1978 and 2,446,362. from JANUARY 10, 1979 are described panels of walls, floors, terraces or roofs.

In the double-walled elements, insulators are placed both in the recesses between the walls and with regard to the chainings and posts, which introduces insulating baffles in the areas of attachment between cooperating panels and therefore limits the thermal bridges to zigzag paths. between these baffles.

The object of the present invention is to further reduce these bridges while ensuring more and more extended continuity of the insulation and while maintaining mechanical rigidity.

To do this, the connecting posts between juxtaposed panels split to allow the insertion of insulation (which was already described in patent 2,448,362) and ensure horizontal continuity over the entire height between two floors and / or chaining, are completed by a junction at the height of the latter, at least one of which is arranged so as to allow an insulator to be inserted between chaining and external panel, horizontally continuous insulator over the entire length of each chaining or floor which reduces the sections of thermal bridges to those where the split poles are hung on the chains, floors, terraces or equivalent banks; however, these sections are horizontal, which necessarily causes the thermal bridges to follow a path having at least two vertical or at least oblique parts interposed between at least three generally horizontal parts. If we consider the whole of a facade of a building, these chicane bridges and of very reduced section are therefore limited to the points of intersection of the posts and chaining. The continuity of the insulation is ensured on all the rest of the surface.

What is more, this principle of continuity of insulation can be extended to the frames of openings (doors and windows) as will be seen below, which therefore limits thermal bridges to those mentioned above and to those that can present the frames and openings not falling within the scope of the present invention but which a person skilled in the art will select accordingly so as not to affect the advantages presented by the buildings constructed in accordance with the present invention, as regards the savings of 'energy.

To better understand the technical characteristics and the advantages of the present invention, an embodiment will be described, it being understood that this is not limiting as to its mode of implementation and to the applications that can be make it.

Reference will be made to the following figures which diagrammatically represent FIG. 1 a vertical section on a front wall produced in accordance with the present invention according to dd of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.

FIG. 2 a vertical section of the wall of FIG. 1 along the lines of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 of the horizontal sections on the same wall as in FIGS. 1 and 2 and this respectively according to cc, bb and aa of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is a partial horizontal section on an opening upright (door or window).

In Figure 1, a front wall is made as follows
On a cleanliness sole 1, cast in place in a conventional manner, is placed a series of prefabricated saddle shoes 2, having holes 3, allowing the passage of waiting reinforcements 4, which ensure the fixing of the posts of the structure which will be described below.

In the basement when the insulation problem does not arise, we can be satisfied with simple prefabricated panels 5 having in the lower part a rib 6 wedging by a system of grooves, ribs and / or ledges 7 on the sole beams 2 .

In the upper part, these panels 5 have an upper rib 8 forming a tray and laterally ribs 9 and 10 in grooves from which each post 11 will be cast after the reinforcement 12 has been put in place.

These posts because of the oblique edges of the grooves ensure the keying between adjacent panels. After installing insulation 13, 15 and chaining reinforcements 14, we can go to the next level. The floor is placed in the form of panels 16 wedging at 17 and then the two vertical panels 18, 19; the post reinforcements 20, 21 are put in place as well as the insulating panels 22. In the edge grooves of the floors 16 serving to close beams and connection between slabs, the reinforcements 23 are placed and chaining 23 floor beams are poured (not shown in the figures) and posts 24, 25.

We will repeat the same at each level.

The floors can be of any suitable type such as those described in the last two patents of the applicant cited above.

They can be single slab like 16 or 26, or double such as 27. They can have channels such as 28, 29 for the pipes (water, electricity, etc ...).

These vertical panels such as 18, 19 may have horizontal ribs such as 30, 31 (FIG. 4) to stiffen the slabs and keep the insulation in place, grooves 33 or equivalent allowing the internal circulation of air or pipes. from side to side of each rib
This can be useful not only for insulation reasons but allows the use of such panels in the context of solar heating systems.

We also note that the insulation at the height of the chaining 23 can have a rectangular current section 13 but have (at 15) heating parts in line with the posts 24, 25. This allows the posts on the external side 24 to be offset horizontally relative to the face of the chaining 23 located on the same side. Only gives the section corresponding to the width of the post 24 and then between insulators 15 and 23 which limits the flow of the thermal bridge. On the internal side, the presence of the floor and its floor covering 34 displaces the thermal bridge beyond the ceiling covering 35 (FIG. 2), which considerably reduces the flow of the thermal bridge.

If, for example, each vertical panel slab is 3 cm thick in concrete and a 7 cm air gap is created between each slab and a 10 cm central insulator of expanded polystyrene, a coefficient of 0 is obtained. , 39 W / m2.K. At the height of the chaining with 6 cm of polyurethane we obtain a coefficient of 0.36 to 0.41 W / m2.K.

In the upper part of the front wall, it is possible, for example, to use roof panels 36 which may be simple (as provided for in the applicant's prior patents) which are doubled with a sufficiently self-supporting and insulating material fixed to the ribs 38 lateral (Figure 3) allowing the formwork, the reinforcement and the casting of crossbowmen 39 extension of the facade posts.

In Figure 6 is shown a partial horizontal section on panels 40, 41 having an opening 42 (window, door or other). It will be noted that on this section we find under identical references the elements already encountered in FIG. 4 and in particular common panels 18 and 19. It will also be noted that the window pillar shown here is symmetrical with the other not shown and that its structure can be the same in a boundary line and in support. However, it is obvious that in most cases the support will also have a rim 43 of any conventional type, for example part of a support slab 44 placed on the rib of the outer panel 41, such as 45 in the figure. 6; it will be noted that the panels 41 (exterior) and 40 (interior) have ribs 45 and 46 respectively. The rib 45 forms the frame of the opening and forms a gap between it and the inner rib 46, more reduced, an interval oriented obliquely relative to the surfaces panels making it possible to insert an insulator 47 ensuring continuity with the insulator 22. The edges of the two ribs 45 and 46 form a rebate in which the frame 48 of any conventional type is arranged as little thermally conductive as possible. This frame seals the gap containing the insulation 47.

 It is obvious that if in FIG. 6 a solution has been shown with a window flush with the internal wall, it is possible as a variant to imagine two panels with ribs of different heights, for example to provide a splay. It will also be noted that, as a variant, in the upper part, the rib 45 can serve as the bottom of the shuttering formwork or which can be confused with the chaining. In lower support, if it is in particular a door or a window door, support 44 can be placed just above the chaining by inserting a horizontal insulator to ensure continuity as is the case with example in Figure 1 at 49 in the attic.

We can therefore say that between two chaining and / or floors, the insulation is continuous over the entire height and the entire length of the wall. At each chaining and / or floor, the insulation is continuous over the entire height and the entire length of the wall and ensures continuity with the insulation located immediately above and that located immediately below except at the posts twins where a substantially horizontal hole in the insulation allows each end of one of the twin posts to pass, preferably the one on the outside.

Around the openings, the insulation is continuous up to the rebate.

To summarize, it can therefore be said that the insulation is continuous over the entire wall, these continuity solutions being limited to the rebate of the openings and to a substantially horizontal passage of the post located on the outside of each pair of posts. combined with its connection with the chaining. In addition, outside the edges of the panels and openings, air recesses are provided between the ribs of the panels to increase the insulation, preferably on either side of the insulation, and for the possible circulation of fluids especially in case of solar heating.

Claims (10)

Claims 1. Structure of buildings with prefabricated panels constituted by slabs with ribbed edges, the wall panels being paired in the areas where thermal insulation is sought, the ribs serving as formwork for posts, linkages and beams, constituting the resistant structure and ensuring the connection between panels, the height of the wall panels extending from chaining to chaining and the posts being paired in said zones at least one insulator being disposed between the paired panels and paired posts characterized in that at least one insulating layer (13,15,22,22) is continuous throughout the extent of the wall with twin slabs (18,19), this continuity being interrupted by an approximately horizontal opening at each point of attachment between the outermost post (24) of each pair (24.25) of posts and each chaining (23). 2. Structure according to claim 1 characterized in that the continuous insulating layer (47) is interrupted at the openings (44) made in the wall and stops at the rebate (48). 3. Structure according to claim 2 characterized in that the sealing rebates (44) between the twin tiles is provided by the frame (48) which is placed there. 4. Structure according to one of the ribs 1 to 3 characterized in that the chaining (23) are merged with the edges of the floor panels (16). 5. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the concrete (11,24,25) holding the ribs of the panels is extended and continuous between successive chaining. 6. Structure according to claim 5 characterized in that the right of the chaining (23) the insulation (13,15) is placed between chaining (23) and outer panel (18) and is connected with the insulation ( 22) between successive chaining to ensure continuity except at the right of the external posts (24) where their passage is spared. 7. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that the wall (5) of the basement is single slab and single posts (11) not paired. 8. Structure according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the front walls are extended upwards by panels (36) forming a roof. 9. Structure according to claim 8 characterized in that the roof panels (36) are not paired with the wall insulation terminating horizontally (49) above the upper chaining and the roof panels being insulated by insulating panels ( 37) fixed on the ribs (38). 10. A method of constructing building structures according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on a sole (1) of cleanliness, we place longitudinal beams (2), reinforcements (4) waiting at right poles (11) being provided passing through corresponding holes of the beams (2), the panels (5) of the basement being put in place, as well as the reinforcements of poles (12) and chaining (14) upper and an insulator between the location where the chaining and the external slab (5) will be poured, the floor (16) is put in place as well as the beams, the concrete is poured from the posts of (11) basement then that of the beams , the panels (18,19), reinforcements (20,21) and insulator (23) of the first level are put in place and are cast down chaining of the first level and posts (24,25) and one continues thus on level by level.