FR2589110A1 - POWER SUPPLY LINE, IN PARTICULAR FOR RAILWAYS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR RAILWAY TRACKS. THE CURRENT TAP LINE WHICH IS THE SUBJECT OF THE INVENTION IS OF THE TYPE CONTAINING TWO CONTACT WIRES1 COUPLED TOGETHER BY HINGE PLATES2, CARRIER CABLES4 FIXED ON SUPPORTS6 ON EACH OTHER OF THE AXIS3 OF THE THE TRACK, FIXING ELEMENTS5 WITH THE HELP OF WHICH THE CONTACT WIRES1 ARE CONNECTED TO THE CARRIER CABLES4, AND THE MEANS OF INSULATING THE CONTACT WIRES1 FROM THE SAID SUPPORTED6, AND IS CHARACTERIZED AS AT LEAST TWO PAIRS OF FIXING ELEMENTS5 ARE MOUNTED BETWEEN TWO FIXING POINTS OF THE CARRIER CABLES4 TO THE SUPPORTS6, THE FIXING ELEMENTS5 OF EACH PAIR ARE PROVIDED ON EACH OTHER OF AXIS3 OF THE TRACK AND AT LEAST TWO PARALLELOGRAMS BEING SHAPED, BETWEEN TWO POINTS OF ATTACHING THE POINT CABLES4, BY THE CONTACT WIRES1 USING THE JOINT EASTERS2. THE INVENTION APPLIES IN PARTICULAR TO THE INSTALLATION OF POWER SOCKET LINES IN TUNNELS.

Description

1. The invention relates to the electrification of railways and

  particularly for object a power line. The invention can be applied to the installation of power outlets in artificial structures, for example in tunnels as well as on

  open-air sections of the general railways.

  Socket lines are known (see

  "Power outlets" by I.I. Vlasov, K.G.

  Markvardt. "Transzheldorisdat". Moscow, 1961, page 161) installed in artificial structures and comprising a contact wire disposed along the axis of a track and two armed roma-shaped carrying cables with slippery suspensions at connection points

to the contact wires.

  This construction is characterized by a large vertical space because the carrier cables

  are arranged above the contact wires.

  Rough outlets are also known ("Development of an Electrified Railway Outlet Project" by AV Fraifeld et al., "Transport", Moscow, 1972, p. are attached to the support members by means of an auxiliary cable passing in the middle on a pulley in each

  span and fixed above the axis of the track.

  This structure can not be used in the conditions of reduced dimensions of a tunnel either, because the auxiliary cable must be arranged in the vertical plane and increases the size of the line. In addition, the auxiliary cable does not fix the contact wire in the plane and, for this reason, it is necessary

  use appropriate fasteners.

  There is also known a construction of a so-called rhombic three-dimensional socket system (cf.

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  USSR author's certificates No. 137538, No. 140819). In this design of the socket line, support elements and fasteners are used in the form of loop support rods passing in their middle on a pulley. The socket line has two types of support rods that differ in their function, size and voltage, and their spatial arrangement. This type of socket line can be used in the case where this line has two contact wires. In addition, the presence of a fastening rod tightly tensioned in the line and the attachment thereof on the support device below the support rod is reflected by the fact that this rod

  is tilted at a small angle to the horizontal.

  During the movement of an electric train there is a risk that the contact pad of the socket

at the link.

  A line construction is also known

  socket outlet (see U.R.S.S.

  No. 560774) having oblique and auxiliary support rods, insulators, stay cables, fasteners, support members and load-bearing members to which are attached armed contact wires

in the shape of a rhombus.

  This type of power line can not be used on general railway open pit sites for line construction.

  socket outlet at large spans.

  A socket line (USSR US 1047746) is known comprising two contact wires coupled to one another by hinge plates, and carrying cables fixed on either side. the axis of the track. The contact wires are connected to the load-bearing cables by means of

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  fixation. Insulators are mounted at the points where the

  carrying cables are attached to the supports.

  This construction can not be used on open-pit sites of general railroads at regular lengths. It can only be used for short reach lines of approximately 18 to 22 meters. In addition, as is known, the rigidity of the socket line in the scope does not have a constant value. At the points where the contact wires are suspended, the value of the stiffness of the line is more

  great than that of its rigidity between them in the span.

  Since the plug line is symmetrical with respect to the track axis, the stiffness values measured at certain points in the range of one half of the line do not coincide with the values of the second half of the line. . The total value of a line at each point is the sum of the corresponding values of the stiffness of each half, which results in sensitive local wear of the contact wires. It should be noted that it is impossible to use line-carrying cables, which are not used for the passage of traction currents, as independent power lines and as group grounding, as this is the section

  copper wires that ensure the passage of currents.

  It has therefore been proposed to develop a plug-in line in which an appropriate choice of the mounting location of the insulators and the contact wire fasteners in the span and the number of fasteners would to reduce the wear of the contact wires, to increase the length of the range, to widen the functional possibilities and to reduce the vertical and horizontal congestion of the

power outlet line.

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  The problem thus posed is solved by means of a socket line comprising two contact wires, coupled together by hinge plates, carrying cables fixed on pins on either side of the socket. the axis of the track, fixing elements by means of which the contact wires are connected to the carrying cables, and means for isolating the contact wires of the supports, characterized, according to the invention, by the fact that at least two pairs of fixing elements are mounted between two fixing points of the carrying cables, the fastening elements of each pair being arranged on either side of the axis of the track, and at least two parallelograms being formed by the contact wires between two fixing points of the carrying cables and using fastening elements and

hinge plates.

  To ensure, in each range, a regular distribution of the rigidity of the socket line, it is advantageous that the fastening elements of each pair are installed, relative to each other, with

  an offset along the axis of the track.

  It is very useful that the fastening elements of each pair are offset relative to each other, along the axis of the track by a distance equal to one

  third of the distance between the hinge plates.

  It is possible that the means for the isolation of the contact wires with respect to the support, constituted by insulators, are installed in each element of

  fixing and / or at the fixing points of the carrying cables.

  In order to reduce the horizontal size of the socket line, the latter comprises, in the case where the number of parallelograms formed by the contact wires is greater than two, at least one spacer plate mounted between the carrying cables at the middle part of the scope and rigidly connected by its

ends to the carrying cables.

  The claimed invention provides a small vertical footprint of the socket line, reduces contact wire wear by spacing mutual contact wire suspension points, where the value of the stiffness of the the line is maximum., to use the load-bearing cables in the line as support elements for the contact wires and as grounding points for power line groups or

  individual power lines, and reduce the clutter

  horizontal line of the power line.

  The invention will be better understood and other purposes, features, details and advantages thereof

  will appear better in the light of the explanatory description

  which will follow various embodiments given only by way of non-limiting examples with references to the accompanying non-limiting drawings in which: - Figure 1 shows, in plan, a socket line according to the invention; FIG. 2 represents a line of

  current in which the insulators are mounted in accordance

  to a variant of the invention; - Figure 3 shows a socket line in which the insulators are mounted according to another variant of the invention; - Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a socket line in which the fastening elements are offset with respect to each other, according to the invention; Figure 5 shows another alternative embodiment of the socket line in which the fastening elements are shifted according to the invention; - Figure 6 shows a socket line in which is used a spacer plate according to the invention;

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  - Figure 7 shows the arrangement of the son of the plug line and the spacer plate in the vertical plane, according to the invention; - Figure 8 shows the arrangement of the elements of the socket line on a support, in the case where this line is used on an open-air part of a general railway line, according to the invention. The plug line has two contact wires 1 (Figure 1) coupled to each other by a hinge plate 2 mounted above the axis 3 of the track. The contact wires 1 are connected to the carrying cables 4 fixed on either side of the axis 3 of the

  by at least two pairs of fasteners 5.

  The carrying cables 4 are fixed to the supports 6 of the scope, either via insulators 7, or directly (Figure 2). The hinge plates 2 (FIGS. 1, 2) are mounted in each seat at equal distance from one another, while each pair of fastening elements 5, arranged on either side of the 3 axis of the track, is mounted in the middle of each gap between the hinge plates 2, at least two rhombs being formed in each scope, that is to say between two fixing points of the carrying cables 4. In the case where the carrying cables 4 (Figure 2) are fixed to the supports 6 directly, the insulators 7 are mounted in each fastener 5. It is possible to arrange the insulators 7 (Figure 3) in the fasteners 5 and to cable attachment points

carriers 4.

  The fastening elements 5 (FIG. 4) can, in each pair, be offset relative to one another

  in such a way that the contact wires 1 form parallels

  the optimum distance between these elements being equal to one-third of the distance L (Figure 5) between

hinge plates 2.

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  If the number of parallelograms or rhombs formed by the contact wires 1 (FIGS. 6 and 7) is greater than

  two, it is advantageous to mount a spacer plate-

  Rigid 8 in the middle part of each span, between the carrying cables 4. Figure 8 shows the arrangement of the elements of the socket line on the support 6 when using the line on a road to the sky open

general railway.

  The power line works as follows.

  In each range, the contact wires I (FIG. 1) are each suspended from a corresponding carrier cable 4 by means of the fastening elements 5, and are at the same time

  time set at this point with respect to the axis 3 of the track.

  The other attachment points are formed where the contact wires 1 are coupled by the hinge plates 2. The socket line is of the semi-compensation type. In this case, the. variations in the temperature of the contact wires I cause, in the range, corresponding displacements of the elements

fixing 5.

  By moving along the axis 3 of the track at the connection points with the contact wires 1, the fastening elements 5 (FIG. 4) increase the transverse dimension of the rhombus, which reduces the longitudinal displacements of the contact wires. 1, resulting from the variation of the temperature of the ambient air. It follows that the socket line has a

  ability to self-compensate. The value of the self-

  depends on the length of the fastening element 5.

  The shorter this element, the greater the variation in the transverse dimension of the rhombus formed by the current wires I and the greater the self-compensation is important. For a length of fasteners 5

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  equal to one meter, it is possible, thanks to the autocompensa-

  increase the length of an anchorage area by two (ie up to 3500 meters). In the case where the length of the fastener 5 is less than this value, the length of the anchoring sector can be increased even further. The length of the fastening element 5 is chosen so that the carrying cables 4 are located outside the zone of

  work of the contact pad of the socket.

  The greatest distance between the fastening elements 5 does not exceed 20 meters, which in turn determines the necessary number of rhombs formed in a range of 50 to 60 m in length, and which is equal to

less than three.

  Thus, the necessary number of articulated connections of the contact wires 1 in the range is

  determined by the length of the span.

  The outlet line was subjected to destructive tests to determine the extent of the damage zone and the time required for its repair. It has been forgotten that the area of damage of the line in case of breakage of a contact wire 1 does not exceed a single range. In case of simultaneous breakage of two contact wires 1, it is less than half of an anchoring sector due to the presence of electrical connectors. If one or two contact wires are broken in vertical service lines in service, the zone of damage constitutes

half of the anchor sector.

  This reduced value of the zone of damage in the event of breakage of the contact wires 1 of the socket line is ensured by the fact that the voltage of a broken contact wire 1 is transmitted via articulation 2 and fastening elements 5 to the other contact wires which remain in good condition and, as a result, all the contact wires of the adjacent spans

  keep their work position.

  As a result, the area of damage and the volume of work necessary to restore a power line are substantially reduced. In addition, the wear of a contact wire I is reduced because, in the range, the rigidity of the line is distributed more evenly in the line of

  current claimed only in the vertical lines.

  The offset of the fastening elements 5 (FIG. 4) in each pair contributes to a more even distribution of the rigidity of the plug-in line in the range, since the more rigid points at the points of attachment of the contact wires i to

  carrier cables 4 are offset relative to each other.

  The greatest equalization of the rigidity of the line along the length of the span is obtained when the fastening elements 5 are offset relative to each other by a distance equal to one third of the distance L (FIG. ) The support cables 4 act as load-bearing framework for the contact wires 1, but at the same time they are electrically insulated from one another, the support cables 4 (FIG. ) being directly

  fixed on support structures of supports 6.

  In the claimed handshake line, the electrical connection between the carrier cables 4 and the contact wires I is removed, but there is a mechanical connection between them. The presence of the support cables 4 ensures the required position in height of the contact wires I and a rigidity appropriate to the

structure considered.

  At the same time, the carrier cables (FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5) can be used as group grounding cables. These 4 group grounding cables are mounted on certain areas of the general railways. Thanks to the presence of two cables 4, it is now possible to use one cable as grounding for one group, and the second, as a waveguide to allow communications

  with the train. The carrying cables 4 fill simultaneously

  two functions and thus eliminate the installation of auxiliary cables. Under the conditions of reduced dimensions of a tunnel, it is sometimes difficult to mount the auxiliary cables due to lack of space. Tests have shown that, in the case of using polymer insulators with a mass close to 4 kg, the rigidity of the line and its distribution in the range hardly differs from the appropriate values when the insulators 7 are fixed on support structures. This is achieved thanks to the following factors. The carrying cables 4 are subjected to the action of a vertical load generated by the own weight of the contact wires 1 and insulators 7 and the horizontal load due to the rhombus arrangement of the contact wires 1. The resulting load which acts on the carrier cable 4 when using an insulator 7 with a mass of 4 kg in the claimed structure increases by 1.5% compared to the line in which the insulators 7 are arranged between the carrying cables 4 and the frames

of support.

  In the case where the contact wires 1 (FIGS. 3 and 8) and the carrying cables 4 constitute a single mechanical system, the support cables 4 act as a support structure for the contact wires 1 and, thanks to these cables, the necessary height position of the contact wires is maintained. The cooperation of the cables 4 and the contact wires 1 determines the rigidity of the line. The isolation of the carrier cables 4 with respect to the support structures and the contact wires 1 makes it possible to use each of them

as an individual line.

  Mounting the spacer plate 8 (Figure 6) in the middle of the span reduces the horizontal size of the line. To determine the projection of the deflection of a carrier cable 4, the following formula is used: n2.KC a = T (1) a T where n is the number of rhombs formed by the contact wires 1 in a span , K is the voltage of the contact wire 1, T is the tension of the carrying cable 4, C is the maximum distance between the axis 3 of the

track and contact wire 1.

  For a line whose contact wire 1 forms

  three rhombs in the range, "a" is equal to 1.8m.

  The total horizontal size of the line is then determined using the following formula: G = 2a + 2c + 2b (2) where b is the minimum length of the element

fixing 5.

  For a line with n = 3, c = 0.3 m, b = 0.4 m, the total size is: G = 2 x 1.8 + 2 x 0.3 + 2 x 0.4 = 5, om (3) When a spacer plate 8 is mounted in the center of the span, the length of which is equal to the horizontal distance between the attachment points of the carrying cable 4, a plan is obtained in a manner complementary fixation point. In this case, a rhombus and a half is formed by the contact wires 1 between the plate 8 and the neighboring fixing points of the carrying cables 4. The horizontal forces resulting from the modification of the direction of the contact wires, forces which determine the horizontal projection of the carrier cables, are then lower. Now, the

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  horizontal projection of the carrier cable 4 is a = 0.45 m.

  The total size of the line, determined using the formula (2), is equal to 2.3 m. It follows that, in the case considered, the mounting of a single spacer plate 8 reduces the horizontal space more than 2 times. The length of the spacer plate 8 can be adjusted. Thus, in the example under consideration, when the length of the spacer plate 8 is less than 2.3 m, the distance between the cables 4 at the locations of their attachment increases. It is obvious that it is advantageous to choose the length of the plates 8 so that they reduce the horizontal size of the line more than twice. A length of the spacer plate less than 2.3 m increases the distance between the cables 4 at the locations of their attachment. Of course, it is advantageous to use plates 8 of a length allowing to reduce to the maximum

  the horizontal size of the line.

  The proposed socket line is characterized

  This is reduced by a minimal vertical space when the contact wires i (Figure 1) form one or two rhombs in the span, which is very important when used in artificial structures. The regular distribution of the rigidity of the line along the length of the span makes it possible to use it on general railway tracks for high-speed trains for

  lines with litters of ordinary length.

  The proposed plug-in line has a small extent of the area of damage in case of breakage of the wires of the line, this range being 10 times smaller than that found in the catenary suspension contact lines currently in use, and which corresponds to a single litter. The lack of support rods and the suppression of maintenance work during

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  operations have reduced operating costs. The use of carrying cables 4 as group grounding or for other particular lines has significantly reduced investment for the construction of the line

socket outlet.

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R E V E N D I C A T I 0 N S

  1. Socket line, in particular for railroad tracks, of the type comprising two contact wires (1) coupled together by hinge plates (2), carrying cables (4) fixed on supports (1) of on either side of the axis (3) of the track, fastening elements (5) by means of which the contact wires (1) are connected to the carrying cables (4), and isolation means contact wires (1) with respect to said supports (6), characterized in that at least two pairs of fastening elements (5) are mounted between two points of attachment of the carrier cables (4) to the supports (6) , the fastening elements (5) of each pair being disposed on either side of the axis (3) of the track and at least two parallelograms being formed between two fixing points of the carrying cables (4), by contact wires

  (1) using the hinge plates (2).

  2. Line socket according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening elements (5) of each pair are offset relative to each other

along the axis (3) of the track.

  3. Plug line following one-of

  claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the elements

  fixing each pair (5) are offset relative to each other, along the axis (3) of the track, by a distance L / 3 equal to one third of the distance (L) between the

hinge plates (2).

  4. Line socket according to one of the

  claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the

  means for isolating the contact wires (1) consist of insulators (7) mounted in each fixing element (5) and / or at the cable attachment points

carriers (4).

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  5. Power outlet line following one of the

  Claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that,

  in the case where the number of parallelograms formed by the contact wires (1) is greater than two, it comprises at least one bracing plate (8) arranged between the carrying cables (4), in the middle part of the scope , and rigidly linked by his

  ends to the carrying cables (4).