FR2577976A1 - Mobile opening element opening in both directions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile opening element, opening in both directions, such as a door, a window, a trap-door. The opening element comprises a leaf 2, a frame 3 consisting of at least two vertical uprights 4, 5, means for articulating the leaf on the frame and operating means 10, 11 allowing the opening of the door. It is characterised in that: - the two rotation shafts 6, 7 are located respectively between each edge of the leaf 2 and each corresponding upright 4, 5 of the frame; - the various operating means 11, 10 or each of the faces 8, 9 of the leaf 2 are combined with each rotation shaft 6, 7; and - the actuation of the operating means 11, 10 of one of the faces 9, 8 causes the leaf to be articulated on the corresponding rotation shaft 6, 7 in such a way that whatever the direction of access of a user, the leaf 2 opens with respect to him with the same rotating movement. Application to the building trade.

Description

 The invention relates to a movable opening element opening in both directions for an opening or a passage, for example a door, a window, a hatch.

 In particular, the invention relates to a door opening in both directions giving access to a closed place or enclosure.

I1 is currently known to make doors opening in both directions by means of double back and forth hinges like that, for example, which is described in the patent.
FR-2-295.200.

 These hinges are provided with two axes of rotation, generally located at each side of the leaf.

 They provide the double articulation between, on the one hand, each of the two half-hinges of the leaf and of the frame and, on the other hand, an intermediate connecting piece.

 Most often, these hinges are provided with return springs which bring the leaf back into a closed position.

 Such doors are practical to use, since they allow a user to cross it in both directions by pushing the leaf and therefore by a natural and easy movement.

 In particular, these doors facilitate the passage of disabled people moving using trolleys, or people moving trolleys, transporting bulky loads ...

 These doors, however, have many disadvantages.

 First of all, they are generally devoid of locking means, for example, a bolt and a keeper, and their equipment is in this sense very difficult to produce because the leaf, in the closed position, remains free and does not come to bear against the frame.

 Another disadvantage of these doors is that their back-and-forth movement requires leaving a significant day between the leaf and its frame, which poses problems of acoustic and thermal insulation.

 Finally, depending on the direction in which the user crosses the door, its leaf will be articulated on its right side or on its left side and therefore, to open the leaf, the movements of the user will be different.

 One of the aims of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks, and to propose a door opening in both directions which it is possible to lock in the closed position.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a door opening in both directions which allows in the closed position of the leaf to achieve good thermal insulation.

 Another object of the present invention is to provide a door opening in both directions that a user can open by a perfectly natural movement whatever his direction of passage.

 Another object of the invention is to provide a door opening in both directions which provides high security by four or six locking points placed on either side of the leaf.

 Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

According to the invention, the movable opening element opening in both directions giving access to a closed place or enclosure, comprises:
- a fighter,
- a frame constitutes at least two vertical uprights, along each edge of the leaf in the closed position,
means of articulation of the leaf to the frame comprising maneuvering means at each of the faces of the leaf and two axes of rotation of the leaf respectively associated with each direction of opening of the leaf.

 I1 is characterized in that the two axes of rotation are respectively located between each edge of the leaf and each corresponding upright of the frame, that the different maneuvering means at each of the faces of the leaf are associated with each axis of rotation and that l actuation of the operating means of one of the faces causes the articulation in such a way that, whatever the direction of access of a user, the leaf opens relative to it according to the same relative movement.

The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the attached drawing which schematically represents
FIG. 1: a top view in section of a door in a nonlimiting embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2: a sectional view AA of the door of FIG. 1 at the level of a lower articulation hinge,
FIG. 3: a sectional view BB of FIG. 2,
- Figure 4: a sectional view BB of Figure 2 illustrating the clearance of the half-hinges relative to each other.

 There is shown in Figure 1, as ttillustration9 a door 1 giving access to a firm place or enclosure.

 This door in particular can give access to a room, a room, a building or an enclosed place such as a garden.

 The door 1 comprises a leaf 2 of any suitable shape and type and a frame 3.

Generally, the leaf 2 has a rectangular shape with its two large edges- substantially vertical, and it is made of wood, metal, plastic
The frame 3 constitutes the frame of the leaf 2, and it comprises at least two vertical uprights 4 and 5 along each vertical edge of the leaf 2.

 The door 1 further comprises means of articulation of the leaf 2 to the frame 3, or more precisely to its uprights 4 and 5.

 According to a characteristic of the invention, the door 1 comprises two axes of rotation 6 and 7 of the leaf 2 relative to each upright 4, 5 of the frame which are substantially parallel to each other and preferably vertical.

 Each axis of rotation 6 or 7 is associated with a direction of opening of the leaf 2.

 Thus, with reference to FIG. 1, for a direction of opening, the leaf 2 is articulated with respect to the upright 4 around the axis of rotation 6 and with respect to the upright 5 around the axis of rotation 7 for the other direction.

 The door 1 also comprises, at each of the faces 8, 9 of the leaf 2, maneuvering means 10, 11 respectively, which allow the user to unlock the leaf 2 from its closed position, to facilitate its opening and possibly its closure.

 The operating means 10, 11 are preferably each located near an edge of the leaf.

They have been shown diagrammatically by handles, this representation is only an illustration of the invention and any other suitable means of operation is suitable, in particular, for electro-mechanical control devices, devices of the panic bar type.
The operating means 10, 11 are respectively associated with each axis of rotation 7 and 6 of the leaf 2.

 Thus, with reference to FIG. 1, the actuation of the operating means 10 causes the leaf 2 to articulate about the axis of rotation 7, and conversely, the actuation of the operating means 11 causes the beating 2 around the axis of rotation 6.

 We have shown diagrammatically at 12 in FIG. 1, the leaf 2 is articulated around the axis of rotation 6 in the open position and at 13 the leaf 2 is articulated around the axis of rotation 7.

 Whatever the direction of passage of a user, the leaf 2 opens with, relative to it, the same relative movement.

 According to the representation adopted in FIG. 1, the leaf opens in both directions by a pushing movement and an articulation of the leaf on the left side of the user. In the same way the leaf could be articulated on the right side of the user and, possibly, could be opened in certain cases by a pulling movement of the leaf.

 The invention therefore makes it possible to choose the direction and the opening side of the wing 2 which, once fixed by the position of the axes of rotation 6, 7 and the operating means 10, 11, will be the same regardless of the directions of users.

 Preferably, the position of the axes of rotation 6, 7 and the operating means 10, 11 will be determined so that the leaf 2 opens by pushing with articulation on the left or on the right.

 In order to facilitate the articulation of the leaf 2 around each of its axes of rotation 6, 7, the axes 6, 7 are respectively offset relative to the median plane 14 defined by the leaf 2 in the closed position and each axis of rotation is offset towards the side of the leaf located on the side of its opening.

Thus, the axis 6 is offset towards the face 8 of the leaf 2 and is even beyond this faces of the same axis 7 is offset towards the face 9 of the leaf
In the closed position, the leaf 2 is "articulated to the frame at the same time around its two axes of rotation 6 7 which causes it to be locked in the closed position.

 The actuation of the operating means, for example the means 10, causes the leaf to be released relative to one of its axes of rotation, the axis 6 for the means 10, and therefore authorizes the articulation thereof that around the other axis of rotation, i.e. axis 7.

 Conversely, the actuation of the operating means 11 releases the leaf from its axis of rotation 7 and allows it to be articulated around the axis 6.

 The articulation means comprise for each axis of rotation 6 and 7, at least two hinges which connect the leaf 2 to each upright 4, 5 of the frame 3 and which are respectively located in the upper part and in the lower part of the door delta.

 Each hinge comprises two half-hinges and a removable spindle with an axis substantially parallel to the axes of rotation.

 FIGS. 2 to 4 show by way of illustration a hinge 15, more precisely the lower left hinge of the door of FIG. 1.

 Referring to Figure 2, the hinge 15 consists mainly of a lower half-hinge 17, integral with the upright 4 of the frame and an upper half-hinge 18 integral with the leaf 2, and in the example illustrated, by l 'Intermediate of a slender casing 19 in the shape of a "U" which runs along the edge of the leaf 2 on the face 8 of which it is integral.

 The hinge 15 also comprises a removable pin 20 which provides the connection between the half-hinges 17, 18 when the door is articulated on the axis of rotation defined by the hinge 15.

The spindle 20 has a substantially vertical axis 21 and in the case considered or the leaf is articulated by the hinge 15, the axis 21 is coincident with the axis of rotation 6
In the example shown by way of illustration in FIGS. 2 to 4, the half-hinges 17, 18 are constituted by segments of flat profiles, which are respectively pierced with an orifice for guiding the spindle 20.

 Also, the upper half-hinge 18 is surmounted by a flat segment 37 pierced with an orifice with an axis 21 for the passage of the spindle which allows the guide thereof and constitutes a stop for its up and down movements .

 Preferably, the spindle 20 is returned to the low position shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 by an elastic return means, for example a compression spring 22 located between the lower face of the plate 37 and a washer 26 secured to the spindle 20 .

 Its movement is moreover limited by a washer 23 or any other suitable means, which abuts on the upper face of the plate 28.

 In addition, preferably, the spindle 20 has no locking means in the high position, and, when it is released from the lower half-hinge 17, the return spring 22 tends to return it to the low position.

 The means making it possible to lift the spindle 20 to cause it to be released from the lower half-hinge 17 include, in the case of the figures, a washer 24 centered on the axis 21 of the spindle and traversed by the latter which is operated vertically by means a pull tab 25 connected to the operating means 10.

 In its vertical movement, the washer 24 comes to bear under a stop integral with the spindle 20 and formed by the washer 26 then, by means of this washer 26, the rise of the washer 24 causes the rise of the spindle 20 up to 'has its clearance from the lower half-hinge 17.

 Preferably, the pull tab 25 simultaneously operates all of the pins of the other hinges which are situated along the axis 21.

 Advantageously, the washer 24 of the pull tab 25 has a flat 27 which cooperates with a flat segment 28, possibly beveled which protrudes from the upright 4 so as to allow the lifting movement of the spindle 20 only when the leaf is rigorously in closed position.

 As soon as this condition is no longer respected, the flat 27 of the washer 24 no longer coincides exactly with the end of the dish 28 which stops the upward movement of the washer 24 before it comes into contact with the washer 26.

 With particular reference to FIGS. 3, 4, preferably the sliding surfaces 29, 30 of the two half-hinges 17, 18 one against the other are inclined relative to the axis 21.

 They have a corresponding inclination and are completely in contact with each other when the leaf 2 is in the closed position.

 The inclination of the contact surfaces 29, 30 advantageously makes it possible to facilitate the return movement of the leaf in its closed position.

 Indeed, the rotation of the leaf for an opening movement has the effect of raising it due to the two inclined sliding surfaces of the upper and lower half-hinges.

 In a natural way, the wing by gravity tends to descend and therefore to close by itself.

 Good results have been obtained with an angle of inclination of about seven and a half degrees relative to the axis 21.

 Of course, this is only given by way of illustration.

 Referring more precisely to FIG. 4, which represents the two half-hinges 17.18 clearances with respect to each other, which therefore corresponds to a rotation of the leaf 2 around the other axis of rotation 7 , the inclination of the sliding surfaces 29, 30 of the half-hinges 17, 18 is situated in the plane of FIG. 4, that is to say a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane 14 defined by the leaf 2 in the closed position.

 In addition, for the upper half-hinge 18, the lower zone 31 of its sliding surface 30 is situated with respect to the axis 21 on the side towards which the leaf opens, and the upper zone 32 on the opposite side.

 For the lower half-hinge 17, the lower zone 33 of its sliding surface 29 is situated relative to the axis of the side of the opening of the leaf, and the upper zone 34 of the reverse side.

 The inclination of the sliding surfaces 29, 30 makes it possible at the level of the hinge 15 to facilitate the positioning of the two half-hinges relative to one another when the leaf is closed.

 It should be emphasized that the positioning of the two half-hinges 17, 18 relative to one another is facilitated by the inclination of the sliding surfaces of the half-hinges situated on the axis of rotation -7 which make as the leaf descends as it closes.

 The inclination of the sliding surfaces of the half-hinges situated on the side of the axis of rotation of the leaf therefore occurs in combination with the inclination of the sliding surfaces of the half-hinges situated on the opening side of leaf 2.

 The contact between the sliding surfaces of the half-hinges 17, 18 cooperates with the introduction of the pin 20 into the orifice 36 of the lower half-hinge 17 to block the closing movement of the leaf and the sliding surfaces constitute in this sense a closing stop.

 As illustrated in FIG. 4, after having been released from the lower half-hinge 17, the spindle 20 is returned to the low position by the return spring 22.

 During the final closing of the leaf, the lower end of the spindle 20 encounters an inclined groove 35 of the lower half-hinge 17, which forces it to go up, until it can penetrate inside the orifice 36 of the lower half-hinge 17.

 The re-engagement of the spindle 20 inside the orifice 36 can also be facilitated by a chamfer (not shown) of the upper part of the orifice 36 and by the conical lower end of the spindle 20.

 In contact with the inclined groove 35, the pin 20 is raised and, as a result, the return spring 22 is compressed and then returns the pin 20 to its low position as soon as its lower end is engaged in the orifice 36.

 The leaf 2 is again "articulated" around the axis of rotation 6, and is therefore in the locked position, since it was already articulated around the axis of rotation 7.

 The leaf 2 is then ready for a new opening maneuver in one direction or another.

 The return of the leaf 2 to its closed position can be assisted by elastic means known to connect the leaf 2 to its frame 3.

 Thus the rotation of the leaf 29, its opening and its immobilization in the closed position are ensured by the same elements, that is to say the operating means 10, it and the different hinges.

 In order to avoid false maneuvers, in addition to the flat 27 of the washer 24, which cooperates with the dish 28, the invention preferably provides exclusion means which prevent simultaneous operation of the operating means 10, 11 of the door.

 These exclusion means are within the reach of ordinary skill in the art and for example one of the exclusion means can be obtained by connection between the mechanical opening controls of each of the faces 8, 9.

 In addition, the operating means 10, 11 which have been shown in the form of handles, can be replaced by a mechanism such as a panic bar, an opening pedal, or else by an electronic mechanical control device. electric or electronic, for example an electromagnet actuating each zipper 25 or several electromagnets located at each hinge, directly actuating the spindle 20, the electromagnets of the same axis of rotation being controlled simultaneously.

 The door 1 can also be equipped with any suitable locking means, consisting either of blocking the operating means or all of the pins 20 in the low position at the hinges, or else of locking the leaf relative to the frame by traditional means.

 The condemnation can be carried out either from the leaf or from the frame.

 This condemnation can also be differentiated with the possibility of condemning only one sense of openness at a time.

 Thus, by differentiated locking means, it is possible to condemn the leaf for one direction of opening and to authorize its opening in the other direction.

 Also, in order to facilitate the positioning and adjustment of the leaf in its frame, the various hinges can be equipped with appropriate adjustment means, which are within the reach of those skilled in the art.

 It should be emphasized that, compared to a traditional reciprocating door, the mode of articulation adopted in the present case makes it possible to reduce the days between the leaf and the frame which are necessary for the free rotation of the leaf.

 This therefore makes it easier to add sealing means, taking advantage in particular of the fact that, in the closed position, the leaf is held in frank abutment against its frame and that the closed position of the leaf is perfectly stable.

 In addition, with reference to FIG. 1, it is possible to provide each edge of the leaf 2 with a "joint cover" 38 or 39 opposite an upright 4 or 3 of the frame, each joint cover being arrange so as not to obstruct the opening of the leaf.

 In the upper part of the leaf a slight operating clearance is necessary to allow the leaf to rise when it is opened.

 The frame or the leaf is equipped at this level with an appropriate insulation means so as to preferably ensure good thermal insulation of the door.

 The door according to the present invention finds many applications for giving access to closed places, such as a room, a room, a hall ... as well as enclosed places, such as a garden.

 In addition, the door of the invention is well suited to be crossed in both directions in particular by disabled people, moving with the help of trolleys, or people maneuvering trolleys, as well as bulky loads.

The present invention is also valid for all types of mobile opening elements such as windows, inspection hatches, etc.
Naturally, the present invention is given for information only, and other implementations of the invention could be adopted without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims (10)

REYENDICATIONS  1. Movable opening element in both directions, such as a door, window, hatch, giving batteries in a closed or enclosed space, and comprising  - a wing (2),  - a frame (3) for framing constitutes at least two vertical uprights (4, 5) along each edge of the leaf in the closed position,  - means of articulation of the leaf (2) to the frame (3) comprising maneuvering means (10, 11) at each of the faces (8, 9) of the leaf and two axes of rotation of the leaf respectively associated with each opening direction of the leaf, this element being characterized by the fact that  the two axes of rotation (6, 7) are respectively located between each edge of the leaf (2) and each corresponding upright (4, 5) of the frame,  - The different operating means (11, 10) at each of the faces (8, 9) of the leaf (2) are associated with each axis of rotation (6, 7) and each direction of opening of the leaf (2)  - the actuation of the operating means (11, 10) of one of the faces (9, 8) causes the leaf to be articulated on the corresponding axis of rotation (6, 7) in such a way that, whatever the direction of access of a user, the leaf (2) opens with respect to it in the same rotary movement.  2. Element according to claim 1 characterized in that in the closed position, the leaf (2) is "articulated" on the two axes of rotation (6, 7) and that this double articulation causes its locking, by the fact that actuation of the maneuvering means (10 or 11) from one face (8, 9) causes the articulation of the leaf (2) to be disengaged from the axis of rotation (6, 7) at which said means (10 or 11) are not associated while maintaining the articulation around the axis of rotation (7 or 6) with which said means (10, 11) are associated.  3. Element according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the axes of rotation (6, 7) are offset relative to the median plane (14) defined by the leaf (2) in the closed position and that each axis of rotation ( 6, 7) is located on the corresponding opening side of the leaf (12, 13).  4. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that it comprises exclusion means to prevent the simultaneous actuation of the operating means (10, 11) located on each of the faces (8, 9 ).  5. element according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the articulation means comprise, at the level of each axis of rotation (6, 7), at least two hinges (15) respectively consisting of two half hinges (17, 18) integral with the frame (3) of the leaf and a hinge pin (20), movable vertically by the actuation of the operating means.  6. Element according to claim 5 characterized in that, for each hinge (15) of the same axis of rotation (6, 7), a washer (24) integral with the operating means is traversed by the spindle (20) , by the fact that its rise causes the said spindle (20) to rise and by the fact that a flat (27) of the spindle cooperates with a flat (28) projecting and integral with the frame (3) for n ' allow the spindle (20) to be raised only when the leaf is in the fully closed position.  7. element according to claim 5 characterized in that the sliding surfaces (29, 30) of the two half-hinges (17, 18) of each hinge (15) are inclined relative to the axis (21) of the spindle (20), that they are in contact with each other substantially completely in the completely closed position of the leaf (2), and that their inclination is located in a vertical plane perpendicular to the plane defined by the leaf in the closed position.  8. Element according to claim 5 characterized in that at each hinge, the lower half-hinge (17) has an inclined groove (35), which guides the lower end of the spindle (20) towards its orifice (36) during the closing movement of the leaf.  9. Connection according to claim 5 characterized in that at each hinge (15), the pin (20) is biased down elastically by a return spring (22).  10. Element according to one of any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has different locking means for each of its directions of opening.