FR2577962A1 - Conversions of attics - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for the conversion of attics or so-called "lost" spaces under roofs in buildings used for residential or industrial purposes, characterised by the use of beams 2 made of wood core plywood enabling all the possible spans to be covered by bearing only on the load-bearing peripheral walls, without intermediate support in the lower parts, making it possible to change the roof angles, or their style, and to have sizeable overhangs as false bearings.

Description

The invention relates to a process for fitting out attic spaces deemed to be "lost", the frame of which consists of light industrialized small farms and the strength of which is not sufficient to withstand the loads brought about by the creation of a floor. carrier including the load brought by the interior fittings such as insulation, partitions, furniture.

These farms, commonly known as American farmhouses, consist of an entrance and 2 small crossbowmen whose rigidity is ensured by bracing elements and struts.

These struts being arranged in the form of a W completely obstruct the interior volume of the attic.

In addition, these American small farms supported on the front walls, are spaced apart by small intervals, making the roof difficult to access and unusable.

These light farms cannot in any case withstand the additional overloads due to the creation of a load-bearing floor.

The constituent elements of these small farms such as arba Ïe ers, ties, against sheets, struts, braces, each working differently either in compression or in traction, obviously cannot be modified without jeopardizing the entire structure of the cover and ceilings.

The present invention makes it possible to remedy these drawbacks and authorizes the development of attic spaces in cases where the framework was not initially intended for such development.

This arrangement is carried out by the present process with very great simplicity, very great safety in implementation, great speed of execution and from the economic point of view with a moderate cost price compared to that of a new construction. .

This process consists in using the technique of glued laminated timber frames intended to cross large spans in free bending on two supports and applied to individual houses.

Glued laminated wood has remarkable properties, the main ones being: an undeniable aesthetic effect, stable homogeneous material, without dimensional variation, maintenance-free and extremely fire-resistant, perfect inertia to corrosive or humid atmospheres, qualities of anti magnetism and electrical insulation and in addition, an excellent thermal insulation. It is moreover possible by calculations to be able to precisely determine the duration of fire resistance under determined loads, which brings greater security.

Another of its exceptional properties is to be able to achieve large spans without intermediate support property which is used in the process.

Indeed, this process, using the glued laminate as the base of the structure, makes it possible to very simply and safely arrange the lost roof spaces, without descending from the pole: support in the lower habitable parts and therefore it does not create no disturbance of enjoyment, or disturbance in daily life during the work
The process consists in constituting a load-bearing framework resting only on the two front walls and completely detached from the ceiling.

This new load-bearing structure incorporates the existing framework as a sub-structure, which then makes it possible to safely remove the elements of the old framework which have become useless after consolidation of the latter.

This new load-bearing structure being-entirely separated from the gables, it is possible to transform the attic where said gables are made of wooden or plastic sections.

This process does not modify the load distribution.

It is thus possible to gain a maximum convertible surface allowing the creation of a load-bearing floor which can support a large load. I1 leaves entirely free, the undeveloped sub-crawlers, thus allowing easy insulation, or the arrangement of cupboards without difficulty.

This technique gives the possibility of very easily creating mezzanines without coming down from support posts and of elegantly and aesthetically solving the arrangement of the attic in houses with a prefabricated wooden or metal frame frame. It gives the possibility of being able to easily transform the angles of the roof, or to completely change the style. It also gives the possibility of making significant overhangs in cantilever allowing also larger enlargements of convertible surface than in other processes.

These development works are carried out from the outside of the building so as to disturb the occupants of the dwelling as little as possible.

To this end, two openings of about 1 m2 are created in the roof, openings through which all the materials necessary to modify the frame will pass.

The invention will be better understood by referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Figure 1 showing a farm.

Figure 2 showing a section along the length of the facade of the house Figure 3 showing the structure ~ up to the floor Figure 4 showing a detail of the top of the transformed farmhouses.

Figure 5 showing a detail of a foot of transformed farms.

According to figure (1) we will pass, in the opening created, the entry (2) from one front wall to the other front wall (1). This entry into glued laminate (2) rests itself on hardwood distribution wedges (6) resting on the chaining of the front walls (1).

Then, we will carry out the positioning under the existing frame (9) of the two 1/2 crossbow trusses in glued laminated timber (3) connected by the entry in glued laminated timber (2).

At suitable spacing, a new truss will be placed, at A, in glued laminated timber, this truss consisting of a beam (2) and two 1/2 crossbow trusses (3), this number of trusses may be 2 or more, along the length of the facade.

We then pass a high beam of glued laminated wood (4) joining these various trusses (3) longitudinally in glued laminated timber, a beam on which the trusses (9) of the existing framework come to bear. This beam (4) being itself taken up by glued laminated legs (5) resting on the glued laminated beams t2) and on a glued laminated beam (7).

The beam t7) in glued laminate is taken up by each entry in glued laminated t2) by means of metal shoes and is intended to receive the joist g8) which itself will support the wooden floor (11).

The ridge gussets (13) and dBarbarrier foot gussets (14) made of plywood and fixed by twisted points, are intended to make the assemblies of these different elements and to perfect the triangulation.

Each farmhouse (9) is doubled by a solid wood reinforcement (10) bolted in the case of metal frame reinforcement that, nailed or stapled in the case of wooden frame
Each farmhouse ridge is consolidated by a plywood gusset (15) fixed by nailing or bolting.

This gusset t15) can also be advantageously completed by a upturned false entry (16) in solid wood.

The truss feet (9) are consolidated by a plywood gusset (17).

Each farmhouse crossbowman is supported by a leg (18).

The bracing elements (19) are removed to free up the planned convertible space.

Claims (1)

Process for fitting out attics or so-called "lost" roof spaces in buildings for residential or industrial use. The frames being made from light, wooden or metallic small farmhouses, made up of a doorway, 2 rafters and bracing elements, and whose constitution does not allow to support the additional load constituted by the installation of load-bearing floors, characterized by the use of glued laminated wood beams allowing to cross all the possible spans by bearing only on the peripheral load-bearing walls of the building, intended to receive loads, and this, without the installation of posts intermediate support in the developed parts of the lower level (s). Method according to claim 1 characterized by the succession of the following steps a) placing glued laminated wood beams (2)  and of sufficient section determined by calculation following  in front of the span, resting on the load-bearing walls by  b) isophonic shims b) on these beams serving as clips are mounted  rafters (3) in glued laminated timber c) a longitu beam is mounted between these rafters  dinal (4) in glued laminate laid horizontally or  facing and on which come to rest the  original farms (9) d) supporting the high beam (4), and resting on  the entry (2) is put in place a leg in  glued laminated (5).  forcibly to the crossbowman (3) e) it is placed between the 2 braces (2) and supported  by the latter, low beams (7) in laminate  glued f) between these low beams serving as support will be laid  a joist (8) which itself will support a  floor (11) g) double all original farmhouses (9) (wood or  metal) by a stapled solid wood reinforcement (10)  or nailed, or bolted in the case of a metal frame  h) we resume the load descents by reinforcing by  solid wood legs (18), vertically  between the crossbowman and the entry of the farmhouses i) we place reinforcement gussets (wood or metal)  top (15) and bottom (17) so as to reinforce the  assemblies j) we finally remove all the elements (19) de-triangulatic  original farmhouses that have become useless in order to free  convertible space