SU21406A1 - The device frame houses, assembled from pre-prepared standard elements - Google Patents

Description

Modern construction has set itself the task: to determine the standardization of residential buildings and the most complete factory production of standard parts of a dwelling.

The proposed construction has the task of giving the possibility of plastic enough to solve the issues of housing in connection with a varying degree of centralization and decentralization of its common siacTH by standard preparation of individual cells with internal equipment with necessary items and furniture, installing Э1) their cabins built for this purpose frame.

In FIG. 1-7 depict a separate cabin and details of its device; FIG. 8-16-frame of the building and details of its device; FIG. 17-19 - standard cell of the staircase; FIG. 20--22- window binders for corridors.

One of the ocHOBHbix elements of the structure is a living room, which is regarded as an independent technical structure that satisfies all modern cultural needs of the dwelling: for one or two people and able to function as a dwelling, independently. The production of this Residential unit 1-cabin with full equipment, furniture and

the instruments are carried out by the factory method in the factories of the car-building industry or in the newly organized special factories according to the production methods related to them. Dismantled cabins are transported to the place where construction is carried out. An assembly is made there that can be manufactured by a factory-conveyor method. The external form of such a cell cabin is depicted in FIG. 1. The plan is shown in FIG. 2 ,, cross section in FIG. 3, the facade in FIG. 4. The elements on which the cell is divided for more convenient transportation are shown in FIG. 5. Depending on various conditions and geographical location, the cell structure is possible from various materials: reinforced concrete, wood, iron, aluminum, etc., satisfying, conditions of lightness, durability, and thermal insulation. The proposed solution is designed for the middle and northern geographic areas and is a construction of a mass consisting of sawdust bound with magnesian cement (xylolite). The thickness of all the elements that make up the cabin is 9V2 cm, the same and quite sufficient for thermal insulation and strength. To stiffen the elements there.

where it will be necessary by a static calculation, a wooden frame made of straight and bent rods, arranged according to stresses like reinforced concrete, is introduced. The stresses in the material of the walls, the ceiling and the floor of the cabin are not great, as they must withstand the load of their own weight, they do not carry any other loads. For greater thermal insulation, the inner surface of the xylolite wall elements is molded in the form of a convex, relief grid 1 (Fig. 6, 7), onto which finishing polished plywood 2 (Fig. 7) is pasted, and linoleum is pasted onto the floor of the cabin cell. The outer surface of the wall is insulated with ceresite 6 (Fig. 7). Stitches of all elements at the assembly site are equally connected and consist of iron loops 3 (figs b and 7), embedded with the ends into the mass of the slab during its forming-packing, arranged in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. The loops of the junction of a single element do not coincide with the loops of the junction of another element. An iron bar 4 is passed through the rings. The assembled elements are temporarily held in place by external metal brackets (bandage), and the seams of the assembled elements are poured with Portland cement; at the same time, the diameter of the cement, the rod in the seam is obtained in 5V2 SL ", reinforced with iron rings and a rod, represents a quite strong connection. For greater thermal insulation, the joints are treated with felt 5.

The second element of the structure is a caracas, which may, depending on various conditions, be wood, iron, reinforced concrete, etc. The purpose of the framework is to accept loads. The frame consists of standard elements of racks 1 (Fig. 8) of longitudinal 2, transverse 3, and inter-floor panels. Of all these elements, only the pillars carry different loads, depending on the 4 floors above them; the rest of the elements bear a constant load, so the cross section of all elements, with the exception of racks, is a constant value and can easily be standardized. Standard Racks

 2

possible only on condition that they are composite. The proposed iron-fiber concrete construction consists of fully standardized elements of longitudinal runs 1 (Fig. 9), transverse 2 runs, and duo-plates 3 and racks 4. Racks consist of two, three, four elements that are spliced together: from the number of floors. The types of elements are shown in FIG. 10.11, 12; combinations of types are shown in figs. 13, 14, 15. The racks are built up simultaneously with the connection into one node 10 runs (fig. 9). The structure of the pillars consists of reinforced concrete bars With a raised semi-cylindrical chol on one side (Fig. 1, 11) or on both sides (Fig. 12). Rack elements are reinforced in the same way. Their fittings partially, in the form of rings, fill the above-mentioned semi-cylindrical chute. The minimum cross-section of the rack, which can withstand the load of one floor, is formed by the combination of two elements (Fig. 13) so that the semi-cylindrical cholot faces each other. Passes Four iron rods in the cylindrical hole formed and, by pouring it with cement mortar, we obtain a reinforced concrete pillar with a minimum cross section. To obtain the following sections, it will be necessary to splice two elements (Figs. 10, 11) with one, two, etc. elements (Fig. 12), with, the check of the splicing tool remains the same. Racks of various sections prepared in this way, depending on the floors, are installed in the first floor on a specially prepared foundation, in other floors — one above the other. Longitudinal runs running along: the buildings are usually reinforced with the expectation of an appropriate load and different; they are only the fact that at their ends they have reinforcements released in the form of loops. The transverse girders are distinguished from the longitudinal gages in that, in addition to the end loops, they also have loops And along the gutter top surface. On-; the value of the loops at the ends of the runs is to connect the reinforcement of the runs between itself and the reinforcement of the uprights, which is done in the simplest way. After

Stoics are fixed, longitudinal runs are installed in such a way that their end loops are put on released two ends of reinforcement racks, each loop locking both ends. After that, transverse runs are installed, with the end loops

the transverse run is put on the other two ends of the uprights of the uprights. Over the knot formed from the stand and the three runs, the stand of the overlying floor is installed so that the reinforcement passes through the loops of the runs. The whole unit is filled with cement using special formwork

solution.

The interfloor overlap consists of individual reinforced concrete slabs, laid with the ends on the transverse rf zones (Fig. 16). The slab joining with the run and on the run is also carried out by a structure similar to that of the splicing struts, namely, the reinforcement of the plates is released outside in the end parts in which the slab is thickened, these released ends of the reinforcement form rings. Thus, the rings of the board-plates laid on both sides of the girder, plus the rings of the girder itself, form a series of rings that are connected by a common iron rod that has been passed through all the rings and all is poured with cement mortar flush with the upper plane of the plates.

The staircase is a standard link, by plan configuration identical with the cabin plan configuration, equal in height to the height of the floor (Fig. 17, 18, 19). Its structure consists of reinforced concrete (yenok and cast iron, iron or reinforced concrete mats and platforms. The thickness of the outer walls is assumed to be 10 in. In the frame at the place of the supposed staircase, the outside girder and the corresponding number of floor slabs are lowered. The link grows on each other in the case of a side corridor, as well as the socialized parts of the building in places of the frame, not filled with cells, is carried out with the help of th special standard

double glazed iron shields of the window. Each shield, by its size, completely fills the skeleton link and is held in a SUSTAINABLE position with the help of bolts connecting both shields (Figs. 20, 21). The natural ventilation of the room is carried out by rotating around the horizontal axis of the individual elements of the stained glass window so that the ratio between the open part of the stained glass window and the closed one can be sufficiently maximally controlled (Fig. 22).

After the frame is erected at the place of work and the cabins are assembled, the latter are lifted with the help of a lightweight crane attached to the frame and placed on the intermediate floor in the designated location 5 (Fig. 8). The ladder cells are inserted in a similar way into the space 6 designated for them in the frame 6. All the empty spaces in the frame, i.e. nests that are not occupied by cabins and the staircase are enclosed with a special standard stained glass window mentioned above. Io of the surface of reinforced concrete interfloor slabs, in places not occupied by cabins and staircase, clean floor can be laid in the usual way. The roof is usually - on rafters or flat, depending on the conditions and desires. Coloring and interior decoration of the socialized part of the building can also be made, if desired.

All pipes and wires (plumbing, sewage, heating and lighting) are carried out after the installation of the frame and connected, with the corresponding installation of the cabin after the installation of the cabin into place. The gaps between the frame and cabins can easily be sealed.

The subject matter of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. Arrangement of frame dwellings assembled from prefabricated standard elements, characterized in that the core cells made of reinforced concrete, iron, wood or other materials consisting of racks, girders and interfloor slabs are pushed into the cells of the body: cabins, pre-assembled from the floor, walls and ceiling, and b) parts of the staircase, also pre-made from standard elements. 2. When the device according to claim 1, the execution of racks, plates and runs from the standard reinforced concrete bars of two types cross-sections: a) with a semicircular longitudinal chol of the faces and b) with the same chol on two faces enclosing the iron embedded ends into concrete, rings for passing an iron rod through them when assembling the core. fig1 figg figs -.gK ...- j-i.a;: -; v-jgg fipD fig7 H Figb Yo author's certificate N. A. Figs Ladovsky No. 214 (Y FIG. B FIG. 14 FIG. 15. j fig 15 J fig9 figr fig