FR2569129A1 - LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR FOR MATERIAL EXCHANGE COLUMN - Google Patents

Abstract

A LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR FOR A MATERIAL EXCHANGE COLUMN CONSISTS OF SEVERAL HORIZONTAL AND JUXTAPOSED CHANNELS1. THE LIQUID OUTPUT OPENINGS ARE FORMED BY VERTICAL SLOTS11, 12. ONE OF THE EDGES OF THESE SLOTS IS IN THE PLANE OF THE SIDE WALL2, 3, THE OTHER EDGE BEING ON A PART9 SEPARATE FROM THE SIDE WALL2, 3 AND BENT OUTSIDE AWAY FROM IT. THE SLOTS11, 12 ARE ARRANGED IN A ROW IN THE UPPER REGION OF THE SIDE WALL2, 3, SEPARATE SENSITIVELY MORE FROM ONE OF THE OTHERS THAN ON A LOWER EDGE14 OF THE SIDE WALL2, 3. THE SPACING BETWEEN THE SLOTS11, 12 EXCEED THE DECUPLE OF THE WIDTH OF THESE SLOTS.

Description

l 2569129

  LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR FOR MATERIAL EXCHANGE COLUMN

  The present invention relates to a liquid distributor

  which equips a material exchange column, comprising several horizontal channels, one of the side walls or both are pierced with outlet orifices.

  Liquid distributors fitted to sampling columns

  ge of materials are used to distribute the liquid on the packing or the packing incorporated in the column. To allow a

  complete material exchange between the liquid and the gas phase

  se or, respectively, a good separation, a distribution of the most uniform possible liquid on the section of the column

  is necessary. This necessity arises even when the gar-

  nitrides or the packing itself causes a distribution

  tion of the liquid, failing which the upper region of these elements

  remains essentially unused.

  Known liquid distributors of the aforementioned type consist

  are tempted by what are called "channel or box distributors

  sounds ". They consist of channels of rectangular section,

  closed at the front faces and arranged in horizontal juxtaposition

  zontal. The liquid is directed to the channels through the

  diary of a pre-distributor arranged transversely above these channels, then it is evacuated by vertical slots

  provided in the upper longitudinal edges of said channels.

  Consequently, a jet of liquid flows from each slot, so that very numerous slots follow one another intimately

  would be necessary for a uniform distribution of the liquid.

  However, the number of these slots is limited, not only for reasons of implementation, but also because it has been found in practice that, especially in the presence of small loads of liquid, a large number of slots results in of

very different partial flows.

2 2569129

  The object of the invention is to provide a distributor of the aforementioned type, which is of a simple design and which, by means of a reduced number of outlet orifices, distributes both large and small quantities of liquid uniformly along the channel. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the outlet orifices have a configuration and

  a mutual spacing such that the liquid is evacuated approximately

  horizontally along the side walls and flow

  downwards, on these walls, in the form of sheets of

  liquid with broad progressive propagation in the longitudinal direction

nal of the canal.

  According to other preferred embodiments,

  mention to the invention, the outlet orifices may have

  mutual spacing such as propagation areas, on the

  which the liquid flows leaving the outlet orifices propagate in the form of the sheets of liquid, show zero or only modest overlap downwards on the wall

  lateral, and are preferably approximately adjacent.

  The outlet orifices can be formed by slots, one of the longitudinal edges of which lies in the plane of the side wall and the other longitudinal edge of which is located at a distance, outside the plane of the side wall. This other longitudinal edge can be formed on a part forming a body in its lower region and preferably also in its upper region.

  with the side wall, or intimately connected to the latter.

  The two longitudinal edges can then lie in a plane at least approximately perpendicular to the side wall. The length of the slits can represent a multiple,

  preferably at least five times the width of these slots.

  The outlet ports can be configured so that

  that their flow resistance and / or their flow width-

  ment varies from bottom to top, in order to reach even in the case

  loads of liquid with extremely large variations, a large

  approximately constant gor of the propagation zones on which the liquid flows, leaving the outlet orifices,

  spread in the form of layers of liquid. Said ori-

3 2569129

  exits can be formed by slits having an inclination such that the lower end of these slits

  either set back from their upper end opposite

  screw of the direction of the outlet flow. The distance between neighboring outlet ports from which liquid flows

  directed towards each other or oriented in the same direction

  tion, can represent a multiple of the width of these outlet openings, preferably at least tenfold in the case of flow

  of liquid directed towards each other, and at least fifteen

  tuple in the presence of liquid flows oriented in the same direction

  rection. The distance between the neighboring outlet openings, from which flow of liquid directed towards each other or oriented in the same direction, can be of the same order of magnitude as the distance separating these outlet openings from the lower edge of the side wall . The side walls provided with the outlet openings can project downwards beyond the bottom of the channel and their lower edges can have teeth and, preferably, a zigzag configuration. The outlet openings can be made only in one of the side walls of each channel, while the bottom of the channel can extend obliquely or with an upward bulge, from this side wall, up to the other side wall

  narrower sizing accordingly. Finally, the ori-

  outlets in the upper part of the side wall can be arranged in a row extending in the direction

  longitudinal of the canal; and all the part of said side wall-

  rale located below this row can be closed airtight

  in such a way that no liquid causing turbulence

  these cannot flow into the propagation areas.

  Thanks to the construction and arrangement of the outlet openings according to the invention, according to which liquid flows at horizontal speed are evacuated from the individual outlet openings and propagate over a large area on the side wall, it is possible to '' obtain a uniform distribution of the liquid on the lower edge of this side wall,

  which allows regular seepage along the entire canal.

  In this case, only a limited number of outlet ports

4 2 2569129

  simple realization is necessary to obtain the distribution

  uniform tion of the liquid, which allows a manufacturing one-

reuse and simple in design.

  It has been found that the width of the propagation zones is almost constant when the charge of liquid shows normal fluctuations. For example, the outlet orifices may be formed by slots widening upwards, that is to say providing resistance to the decreasing flow from bottom to top, and having an outlet flow width

growing from bottom to top.

  The invention will now be described in more detail below.

  tre non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which:

  Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view

  tive of a channel section of a liquid distributor equipping a material exchange column;

  FIG. 2 is a section on an enlarged scale, along the line

  gene II-II of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section on an enlarged scale, along the line III-III of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a section, corresponding to Figure 3, of an alternative embodiment of the outlet orifices; Figure 5 is a schematic cross section of a

  channel section of a first embodiment of the repair

liquid titrator;

  FIG. 6 is a fragmentary illustration in perspective.

  ve of a channel section of a second variant of the liquid distributor; Figure 7 is a section along the line VII-VII of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a fragmentary section of the side wall

  a channel of a third alternative embodiment of the distribution

  liquid content; and Figure 9 is a fragmentary side elevation of a

  channel section of a fourth variant of said distributor.

  In all the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, the liquid distributor is made up of several horizontal channels, juxtaposed in parallel, gaping upwards and closed at their end faces; as well as a conventional pre-distributor which extends transversely above the channels and

  through which the liquid is delivered to these channels.

  The pre-distributor and the channels are usually located in the head of a material exchange column in the presence of open distributors with channels or boxes.

  (not shown in the drawings).

  A section of channel 1 of rectangular section, illustrated in FIG. 1, is made of sheet metal and comprises two walls

  vertical side 2 and 3, as well as a horizontal bottom 4.

  In their upper region, the side walls 2 and 3 are

  pierced with rectangular holes 6 which, distant from each other

  very equal intervals in the longitudinal direction of the channel, are

  covered by cover tabs 9 located at

  tance above these holes and forming a single piece with the side walls, via members 7 and 8

  (figure 3). During manufacture, the cover tabs

  really 9 are detached from the side wall 2, 3 on their

  two longitudinal edges, using a punch, to be

  further pushed back from said side wall. Vertical slits

  11 and 12 of liquid outlet are formed between the long edges

  gitudinal of the tongues 9 and the holes 6. These slots 11 and 12 or, respectively, the two longitudinal edges of each slot, lie in a plane perpendicular to the side wall 2, 3, the tongues 9 extending parallel to the plane of this side wall. The width b (internal day) of the slots 11 and

  12 is dimensioned very narrow and represents less than a fifth

  quieme of the length L of these slots.

  Lower edges 14 of the side walls 2 and 3 are con-

  figured in a zigzag and protrude downwards beyond the bottom 4.

  The broken line edge edge 14 forms a seepage edge.

  The zigzag configuration is then chosen so that vertical perpendicular bisectors 16 and 17, between neighboring outlet slots 11 and 12, pass each time through a shaped top

  notch 18 between two adjacent teeth 19 projecting downward.

  The drawings relate to the case of a charge of liquid of which

6 256 912 9

  level 20 reaches half the height of the holes 6. The liquid leaving a hole 6 splits into two streams of liquid flowing from the two outlet slots 11 and 12, the directions of flow of these streams, indicated by arrows 21 and 22, extending approximately horizontally and parallel

  at the side wall 2, 3 due to the presence of the tongues-

  overlapping tees 9. The spacing between the output slots 11 and 12 of neighboring tongues 9, from which flow of liquid flows directed towards each other, is substantially greater than the spacing between the outlet slots and the edge lower 14 of the side wall 2, 3, and it represents more than ten times the width b of said slots. As a result of this large distance between the outlet slots, the streams of liquid expelled with a horizontal speed flow unimpeded downwards, on the side wall 2, 3, in the form of sheets of liquid 23 and 24 at large progressive propagation in the direction

  longitudinal of the canal. Thanks to the aforementioned dimensioning of the space

  cement between the outlet slots, the propagation zones, over which the liquid flows leaving the outlet slots 11 and 12 propagate in the form of the plies 23 and 24, are approximately adjacent to each other on the edge 14, if although the liquid is distributed evenly along the

  canal, along the entire edge 14. Then, as indicated by arrows,

  ches 26, the liquid drips or drips down from

  teeth 19, up to the lining or the lining used

  pant the highest position in the column.

  It has been found that the selected zigzag shape of the seepage edge guarantees a dripping or a flow of the liquid uniformly distributed over the teeth 19, the

  arrangement of the notches 18 on the perpendicular bisectors 16 and 17

  also weaving this uniform distribution under the tabs

  9 and in the center between these tabs 9.

  As seen in the drawings, the outlet slots 11 and 12 are arranged, in the upper part of the side wall 2 or 3, respectively, in a row extending in the longitudinal direction of the channel, forming the only ones and unique exit ports of this channel. In particular, said channel does not have outlet openings below this row, so that a liquid leaving in the layers 23 and 24 cannot

cause turbulence.

  In the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, the width of the outlet slots 11 and 12 is constant over the entire length (Figure 3). In conventional working ranges, that is to say when the liquid charge does not show very large fluctuations,

  a sufficiently uniform distribution of the liquid is thus obtained.

  For extremely wide working ranges (including very small to very large liquid loads), the outlet slots are preferably made so that the flow resistance

  and / or the width of the outlet flow varies along the slit.

  In the simplest case, there may be provided for this purpose a width of slot constantly increasing from bottom to top, that is to say,

  as shown in Figure 4, the cover tab 9 is da-

  vantage angled outwards in the upper part than in the lower part.

  Thus, the resistance to flow decreases upwards and the width of the outlet flow increases upwards, which makes it possible to ensure that the width of the propagation zones (plies 23 and 24) remains

  always the same even when extremely strong variations af-

  affect the charge of liquid. The average width of the exit slot

  illustrated in figure 4 is dimensioned to correspond approxi-

  matively to the width of the outlet slots 11 and 12 and, correspondingly, the spacing between the outlet slots facing each other on neighboring cover tabs is

  dimensioned equal to at least ten times the average width of the slots.

  To avoid the pressure loss caused by the channels in the presence of high gas loads, the channel shown in FIG. 5 has an inclined bottom 27. In this case, only one widest side wall 28 is pierced with outlet orifices. 29 and provided with a zigzag edge 49 projecting beyond the bottom 27. A narrower side wall 30

  comes flush with the upper lateral edge of the inclined bottom 27.

  It is furthermore possible that one or two of the side walls of the channel provided with outlet orifices are arched or inclined at least in their lower part. In this case (not shown in the drawings) the two side walls of the channel each provided with outlet orifices converge below in a suitably common seepage edge

  serrated. The outlet openings formed by slots are then provided.

  sés at the top, advantageously extending vertically,

of the two side walls.

  The channel section 31 of an alternative embodiment of the repair

  liquid titler, shown in Figures 6 and 7, differs from section 1 illustrated in Figures 1 to 3 by another configuration of the outlet openings, and by the absence of the zigzag edge. Side walls 32 and 33 of the section 31 have notches which, distant

  from each other in the longitudinal direction of the channel, extend ver-

  tically down from the top edge. In the drawings, the two regions of the side walls contiguous to a notch are designated by the references 34 and 35. One, 34, of these regions is bent outwards out of the plane of the side wall, in such a way that its longitudinal edge 36 (FIG. 7) is relegated to a distance in front of a longitudinal edge 37 of the other region 35 and that a surface 38 of said region 34, adjoining this longitudinal edge 36, extends

  parallel to the plane of the side wall. The exit slots deli-

  mothed by the longitudinal edges 36 and 37 are identified by the index 39. The spacing between adjacent outlet slots 39, the flows of which

  of liquid exit while being oriented in the same direction (as in-

  dicated by arrows 40), is substantially greater than the spacing between the ends of the slots and a lower edge 43 of the respective side wall 32 or 33 constituting a seepage edge, this

  spacing representing more than five times the width of the slots.

  In accordance with arrows 40, the liquid is evacuated approximately.

  horizontally along the side wall 32, it is distributed over the latter in the longitudinal direction of the channel and, as indicated by arrows 41 in dotted lines, it drips from the edge (edge 43) formed

  between the side wall 32 and a bottom 42 of the channel. Nevertheless, a suin-

  uniformly drip along the edge 43 occurs only when the ridge is oriented exactly horizontal and does not have any irregularities favoring the dripping dripping in

  individual regions (irregularly distributed). To obtain a suin-

  drop by drop in uniformly distributed regions,

  side kings 32 and 33 can have a zigzag edge, all

like the side walls 2 and 3.

  When the side walls of the channel section have a

  sufficient thickness, the outlet openings can also

  mément in Figure 8, be formed by slots 45 which pass through the side walls at an angle and can be arranged in a manner corresponding to the slots 39. In this case, the prerequisite, for the liquid to come out roughly horizontally the lbng of the walls

  lateral, consists in that the angle, described by the walls of the windows

  tes 45 with the side wall plane, be small and do not exceed

preferably 45.

  Instead of being vertical, the slots 11, 12, 39 and 45 can also be arranged obliquely. Figure 9 shows such an inclined arrangement of the slots. In this case, covering tongues 50 corresponding to the tongues 9 decrease in section from top to bottom,

  so that slots 51 and 52 converge downwards and that, vis-

  opposite the direction 54 of the outlet flow, one end

  53 of these slots is set back relative to an upper end 55 of said slots. The lower part of the tongue 50

  extending through the side wall 2, and through the-

  which the two lower ends 53 of the slots 51 and 52 are separated from one another, must then be dimensioned sufficiently

  wide so that the horizontal evacuation speed is guaranteed

say lower ends 53.

  The liquid distributor can also consist of a

  closed divider with channels or pipes, respectively having channels or tubes of rectangular section connected for example

  to each other like a trellis or grid.

  In this case, the channels or the tubes can be respectively produced in the same way as the section 1 or 31, and be closed.

  in the upper part by a cover tab. In the repair-

  titrator, the liquid can then be enclosed by a reservoir

  tributor by being subjected to pressure, for example to pressure

  hydrostatic expansion of the liquid column.

  This results in an increase in both the speed and

  se horizontal discharge of liquid from the outlet slots 11, 12 and 39 that the width of the plies 23 and 24, so that the outlet slots must be arranged at intervals

  even larger than in the case of open distributors se-

  lon Figures 1 to 6, and that a number of output slots still

more restricted is necessary.

  It goes without saying that many modifications can be made to the distributor described and shown, without departing from the

part of the invention.

Claims (14)

  1. Liquid distributor equipping a material exchange column and comprising several horizontal channels (1; 31), one of the side walls (2, 3; 32, 33) or both   are drilled with outlet openings (11, 12; 29; 39; 45),   separator characterized in that said outlet orifices (11, 12; 29; 39; 45) have a configuration and mutual spacing such that the liquid is discharged approximately horizontally (21, 22; 40) along the side walls (2, 3; 28, 30; 32, 33) and flows downwards, on these walls, in the form of sheets of liquid (23, 24) with wide propagation   progressive in the longitudinal direction of the channel.   2. Liquid distributor according to claim 1, charac-   se the fact that the outlet openings (11, 12; 29; 39; 45) have a mutual spacing such as the propagation zones, on which the flows of liquid leaving the orifices of   exit (11, 12; 29; 39; 45) propagate in the form of nap-   pes of liquid (23, 24), show zero or only overlap   slightly modest down (14; 43) on the side wall (2, 3;   28, 30; 32, 33), and are preferably approximately adjja- centes (17).   3. Liquid distributor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outlet orifices are formed   by slots (11, 12; 29; 39), one of which (37) has long edges   tudinals lie in the plane of the side wall and the other longitudinal edge (36) of which is located at a distance, externally to this plane of the side wall.   4. Liquid distributor according to claim 3, character-   laughed at by the fact that the other longitudinal edge (36) is formed on a part (9; 38) forming a body in its lower region and preferably also in its upper region with the side wall (2,   3; 28, 30; 32, 33), or intimately connected to this wall.   5. Liquid distributor according to claim 3 or 4, ca-   characterized by the fact that the two longitudinal edges (36, 37) lie in a plane at least approximately perpendicular   to the side wall (2,3; 28, 30; 32, 33).   6. Liquid distributor according to any one of the claims. 11 2569129   cations 3 to 5, characterized in that the length (L) of the   slots represents a multiple, preferably at least fifteen   tuple the width (b) of these slots.   7. Liquid distributor according to any one of the claims.   cations 1 to 6, characterized in that the outlets   tie are configured in such a way that their resistance to   optionally, or alternatively, their flow width-   outlet variable from bottom to top, in order to reach, even in the case of extremely fluctuating liquid loads, an approximately constant width of the propagation zones over which the liquid flows, leaving said outlet orifices, propagate in the form of tablecloths liquid (23, 24).   8. Liquid distributor according to any one of the claims.   cations 1 to 7, characterized in that the outlets   tie are formed by slots (51, 52) having an inclination such that the lower end (53) of these slots is recessed   relative to the upper end (55) of said slots in consideration   deriving the direction (54) of the outlet flow.   9. Liquid distributor according to any one of the res-   dications 1 to 8, characterized in that the distance between the neighboring outlet openings (11, 12; 39), from which   flow of liquid directed towards each other (21, 22) or orien-   tees in the same direction (40), represents a multiple of the   width (b) of these outlet openings (11, 12; 39), preferably   at least tenfold in the case of directed liquid flows   towards each other (21, 22), and at least five times as much   sence of such flows oriented in the same direction (40).   10. Liquid distributor according to any one of the claims.   cations 1 to 9, characterized in that the distance between the neighboring outlet openings (11, 12; 39), from which flow of liquid flows directed towards each other (21, 22) or oriented in the same direction ( 40), is of the same order of magnitude as the distance between these outlet orifices (11, 12; 39) and   the lower edge (14; 49) of the side wall (2, 3; 28).   11. Liquid distributor according to any one of the claims.   cations 1 to 10, characterized in that the side walls 1 2 2 5 2 569 129 12 07I   (2, 3; 28) provided with outlet openings (11, 12; 39) protrude downwards beyond the bottom (4; 27) of the channel; and by the fact that their lower edges (14; 49) have   teeth (19) and are preferably configured as a zigzag.   12. Liquid distributor according to any one of the claims   cations 1 to 11, characterized in that the outlets   tie (29) are formed only in one (28) of the side walls   rails of each channel; and by the fact that the bottom (27) of the channel extends obliquely or with bulging upwards, from this side wall (28), towards the other side wall (30) of   corresponding narrower sizing.   13. Liquid distributor according to any one of the   vendications 1 to 12. characterized in that the outlet openings (11, 12; 29; 39; 45) in the upper part of the side wall (2, 3; 28, 30; 32, 33) are arranged in a row extending in the longitudinal direction of the channel; and by the fact that the entire part of said side wall (2, 3; 28,   ; 32, 33) located below this row is closed hermetic   in such a way that no liquid causing turbulence   these cannot flow into the propagation zones (23, 24).   14. Liquid distributor according to any one of   claims 1 to 10 and 13, characterized in that one or   two of the side walls of the channel provided with outlet orifices are arched or inclined at least at their lower part and converge in a seepage edge common to both side walls.