FR2566228A1 - MACHINE FOR SEPARATING HARVESTS OR HARVESTING - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS HARVESTERS. IT RELATES TO A 4 HARVESTER WHICH INCLUDES A FIRST THRESHING ROTOR 12 WHICH ESSENTIALLY SEPARATES THE GRAIN FROM THE RODS AND BEGINS THRESHING. THE MATERIAL NOT SEPARATED BY THE FIRST ROTOR 12 GOES TO A SECOND ROTOR 16 WHICH TURNS IN REVERSE DIRECTION. THE LATTER CONTINUES THE SEPARATION OF THE GRAINS AND TRANSMITS THE MATERIAL, AFTER THRESHING, TO A THIRD CHOPPING ROTOR 24. APPLICATION TO HARVESTING AND THRESHING OF CROPS.

Description

The present invention relates to a separating apparatus

  harvesting or harvesting, that is, harvesting or separation equipment for use with cereals, leguminous plants, fodder plants and other crops in which the harvest stalks are harvested at the same time as the parties

  superior containing the grains or ears. By reason of

  In this specification, the term "grain" is used for the designation of seeds and grains and seeds. In particular, the invention relates to a machine for separating or harvesting complete harvests

to be used with wheat.

  According to the invention, a harvester or a complete crop separation machine comprises a first threshing rotor transmitting the stems to a second rotor which continues the threshing operation started by the first rotor. The two rotors preferably rotate in opposite directions and the rods leave the first rotor along a path substantially

tangential to both rotors.

  The first rotor advantageously provides both the separation of the grains contained in the crops and the beginning of threshing, and the second threshing rotor also ensures the continuation of the grain separation operation started by the first rotor and the transmission of the material

  to the third hash rotor of the rods.

  Preferably, the material is transmitted from the second to the third rotor along a substantially radial path

relative to the third rotor.

  The apparatus also advantageously includes a transpor-

  grain carrier for transmitting the separated grains to a bagging location or separator for separating

  grains of other materials reaching the carrier.

  One or more rotors preferably provide the transmission of a stream of air facilitating the separation of

  grains of other materials. The machine advantageously comprises

  a drive device of the first and second rotor for driving the second rotor with a peripheral speed substantially greater than that of the first rotor,

  for example of the order of one and a half times this speed.

  Thus, the second rotor can rotate at a peripheral speed of between 20 and 30 m / s while that of the first rotor is between 15 and 20 m / s. The first rotor advantageously cooperates with a concave surface having crop contact bars which are separated, in the direction of rotation of the rotor, by 30 mm or less, a preferred spacing being 20 mm

or less.

  The first and the second rotor and / or the concave surfaces are advantageously of identical construction or the like. It should be noted that the apparatus according to the invention can also be realized in the form of a mobile or fixed machine

harvesting or chopping.

  Other features and advantages of the invention

  tion will appear better from the following description, made

  with reference to the attached drawing whose single figure shows schematically and partially a harvest harvester

  complete, in rear elevation.

  Thus, as shown in the figure, a harvester 4 of complete harvests, mounted on a tractor and intended for harvesting whole wheat, comprises a first rotor 12 of threshing rotating clockwise so that it receives the harvests of an elevator 14 with chalk and slats and that it transmits them tangentially to a

  second rotor 16 threshing rotating in the opposite direction.

  The elevator 14 is fed axially at one end of a screw 17 itself preceded by a conventional or essentially conventional harvester table set, offset so that the standing crops are cut, intended to give a minimum height of cut beyond above the ground level which

can be reduced to 59 mm.

  The table set, although represented in

  its working position, where appropriate, may be posi-

  transport by pivoting about a vertical axis 18

  so that it is arranged along the length of the harvester.

  Although the main role of the mobility of the whole

  In a transport position, ie reducing the overall width of the harvester to a value suitable for its transport by road, this characteristic also allows the use of the harvester as a fixed thresher. In this operation, the drive device is disconnected from the table assembly and a collecting hopper is disposed at the location occupied by the table assembly.

during the harvest.

  In a variant, when the table assembly is driven while in its transport position, the towing tractor can be used in the opposite direction so that it covers the field and spreads a swath intended to be

  collected during a subsequent harvest passage of the month-

  sonneuse. The "threshing" rotor 12 is usually formed of an open-frame drum 500 mm in length and 500 mm

  of diameter, having six removable bars for building threshing

  classic, three with ripples on the right and three on the left. The drum is intended to rotate with a peripheral speed of between 15 and 25 m / s and, in addition to threshing, it ensures the separation of the grain from

  harvests and starts threshing the stems.

  The concave surface 20 with which the drum 12 cooperates is preferably an open-frame concave surface intended to surround the drum on 190, in two sections of 95. The first of the sections is rounded so that it forms a space between the drum and the concave surface which decreases in the direction of rotation of the drum, from an initial value of 8 mm at the front end to a value of 3 mm at the rear end. The space between the drum and the concave surface is preferably adjustable. The second section of the concave surface is rounded so that it leaves an adjustable space of 3 mm between the drum and the concave surface, and the two sections of this surface are covered by bars 3 mm wide and 20 mm wide. 'thickness, whose centers are

  separated by 16 mm. These bars are perpendicular to the direction

  circulation of crop materials.

  The second "straw-threshing" rotor 16 which has a construction and dimensions identical or similar to those of the rotor 12 is placed vertically above the first rotor and, as previously described, it rotates in the opposite direction of the needles. a watch so that the crops can

  be transmitted tangentially from the first rotor to the second.

  In addition to the threshing of the straw, the rotor 16 continues efficiently

  seed separation started by the first rotor.

  The distance between the centers of the two rotors is for example 550 mm and the peripheral speed of the rotor

  16 is adjustable between 20 and 30 m / s.

  Like the concave surface 20, the concave surface 22

  rotor 16 also has an open frame construction and

  turns the drum on 170, in two sections of 85, the first section being rounded so that it leaves a space of 3 mm

  between the rbtor and the concave surface, as indicated above

  is lying. Similarly, the concave surface 22 is coated with bars 3 mm wide and 20 mm thick, whose centers are separated by 16 mm, and the space separating the rotor from the concave surface is adjustable so that the wear can be compensated. As the drawing shows, the material leaving the

  second rotor 16 is evacuated along a radial path with respect to

  port to a third riotor 24 of "straw chopping" placed 250 mm above the rotor 16 and shifted to the left as

  the figure shows. The rotor 24 with twelve shear plates

  each having a depth of 50 mm and a thickness of 6 mm, all along the length of 0.5 m from the drum. Spacing

  rotors centers 16.and 24 is 550 mm.

  During operation, the rotor 24 is driven in the same counterclockwise direction as the rotor 16, but with a greater peripheral speed,

between 40 and 50 m / s.

  The concave surface 26 associated with the rotor 24 has a construction closed in a single section, surrounding the rotor about 90. The concave surface still bears bars of 10 mm square section, the centers of which are separated by 20 mm, and leaves a rugged space between

  it and the rotor so that the wear can be compensated.

  At the discharge end of the concave surface

  26, the rotor 24 spreads the chopped straw into the field where the

  cue horizontally to a bagging platform (no

  shown) on the left side of the machine.

  An example of straw bag size corresponds to a capacity of one cubic meter, the straw being packed at

  30 to 40 kg / m3 for example.

  It is convenient for the straw bagging platform to have a two bag attachment device and a crop material stream deflector to make the change easy because when a bag is being filled at a location , the bag already filled to the other

  location can be replaced by an empty bag.

  During operation of the machine, the rotors 12, 16 and 24 are driven by the tractor PTO

  at speeds within the ranges indicated above

  the threshing rotor 12 removes about 90% of all the grains present in the crops and 15 to

  % of the total content of other materials. 8% more

  the total quantity of grains are removed by the rotor 16, with 15 to 20% of different

  being finely ground by the action of the rotor 16.

  The remaining amount of grain, 1 to 2%, and the amount

  60 to 70% straw is removed by the rotor

  24 and transmitted to the straw bagging platform

previously.

  The material separated at the level of the first and the second rotor on the other hand and transmitted by the concave surfaces

  22 is driven forward by screws 28, 30 respectively.

  to an elevator 32 with chains and pallets, either direc-

  in the case of screw 28 either through a

  slide 33 in the case of the screw 30.

  The elevator 32, at its upper end, can trans-

Z566228

  put the material to a horizontal screw 34 which conveys the material backwards, towards a grain bagging platform marked by the reference 35, with a loading installation similar to that described above for the platform form of bagging straw. The capacity of each bag is advantageously half a cubic meter, and the density of grains and straw mixed in each bag is

  between 90 and 120 kg / m3. This mixture can be trans-

  carried to a conventional tarare placed on a farm so that it separates

  the grain contained in the usual way.

  The drawing shows a variant in which the bagging platform 35 has been replaced by a tarare 36 which is directly attached to it and, in this case at least, the tube containing the screw 34 is gradually cleared so that it allows substantially uniform distribution over the entire

length of the screw.

  The assembly 36 essentially comprises an inlet duct 38 disposed over the entire width of 0.5 m from the machine and traversed by a duct 40 in which an air stream 42 is created by the suction due to the rotary drum 24 The width of the slot of the duct 38 is, for example, approximately

  mm so that the grains have the kinetic energy neces-

  when they come out of the screw when they enter the cou-

cross-section 42.

  In this embodiment of the apparatus, the grains discharged through line 38 are practically unaffected

  by the wind formed by the transverse current 42 and by

  directly come to a screen 44 disposed horizontally and movable alternately, the grains passing through the inclined upper section 46 sieving and reaching an inclined plate 48 which directs them to the transverse screw 50. It removes the grain and transmits it to a set bagging

placed at the back of the machine.

  Large straws or un-beaten ears that are also present in the grain are properly removed to the lower edge of the sieve, in a chute.

  and return through line 54 to the open faces of the

  14 chains and slats, joining the harvests

  introduced to the rotor 12 threshing.

  The dust and finely chopped straw, however, are very sensitive to the air current 42 which drives them to the rotor 24 and evacuates with the bulk of the straw to the straw bagging platform. The un-beaten ears and the thick straw leaving the duct 38 have an aerodynamic behavior between these two extreme cases and are deflected by the transverse current 42 to an intermediate slide 56. Then, they return via the duct 54 to the elevator 14 which returns them to the rotor 12, etc., with the harvests that have just been cut,

from the cutting table.

  It should be noted that the rotor 24 as well as the housing and the associated concave surface, etc. can all be separated so that the machine can be converted into a two-rotor machine or made in this form which, thanks to its configuration and its particular mode of operation, is very interesting as a machine practically insensitive to the slope, allowing an effective separation of the grains in corrugated ground. In this case, the material from the two remaining rotors can for example be transmitted to the ground

  to be then baled by a conventional machine.

  The radial supply of the rotor 24 makes it almost inde-

  pendants the characteristics of this rotor of its direction of rotation and, in variants, the rotor 24 rotates in direction

  opposite to that of the rotor 16 and the receiving parts of

  of the machine are arranged properly and the case

redrawn.

  Other variants are now considered; a

  first variant (not shown) of the harvester

  essentially differs only because the transverse air flow 42 is produced by a fan or

  suitable blower, the excess air being removed at the end

  mite evacuation of the assembly 36 by a dust filter.

  An air adjustment flap is advantageously mounted in the

leads 40.

  A second variant (not shown) of the harvest-

  shown essentially differs only in that the screen 46 of the illustrated embodiment is

  replaced by a lower surface inclined

  log and perforated with a rotating cylinder whose end

  The upper material receives the material from the conduit 38. In operation of this second variant, the light materials and the finely cut straw entering the cylinder from the conduit 38 are driven by the transverse stream 42 inside the cylinder and pass along of the assembly 36 as previously described. The grains coming from the duct 38, however, pass through the perforations of the cylinder and are collected by the screw 50 while the un-beaten ears go down inside the rotary cylinder.

  and are evacuated at its lower end by the slide 52.

  Obviously, although the description is more

  precisely a harvester intended to be mounted on a

  four-wheeled tractor, this characteristic is not

  and the invention may also be embodied as a machine intended to be mounted on a two-wheeled reaction device, or intended to be towed, as well as

  than a self-propelled machine or a stationary machine.

  Although the invention has been described in detail in the case of wheat harvesting, harvesters and separation machines according to the invention can also be used for separating or harvesting other complete plants,

  including other cereals, including rice.

Claims (14)

  1. Separation or Harvesting Machine   complete sets, comprising a first rotor (12) for transmitting   both the rods to a second rotor (16) for continuing the threshing operation started by the first rotor. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the two rotors (12, 16) rotate in opposite directions   and the rods leave the first rotor along a sensible path tangential to both rotors.   3. Machine according to one of claims 1 and 2,   characterized in that the first rotor (12) ensures both the separation of the grains contained in the crop material and the beginning of threshing, and the second threshing rotor (16)   also pursues the separation of grains started by the first   first rotor and transmits the material to a third rotor (24) hash.   4. Machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the material is transmitted from the second rotor (16) to the third (24) along a path which is substantially radial to the third rotor.   5. Machine according to any one of the claims   precedents, characterized in that it comprises a transport   carrier (32) for transmitting the separated grains at a bagging location or at a separator (36) which separates   the grain of materials other than him, reaching the tor.   6. Machine according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that at least one rotor (16) creates a stream of air facilitating the separation of grains different subjects.   7. Machine according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that it comprises a first   rotor (12) and a second rotor (16)   in the opposite direction, -the harvester comprising a   tif drive the first and second rotor so   that the second rotor rotates much faster than the first.   8. Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the drive device drives the second rotor (16) at a peripheral speed which is   the order of one time and.demie that of the first rotor (12) .-   9. Machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive device drives the second rotor (16) at a peripheral speed between   and 30 m / s while that of the first rotor (12) is taken between 15 and 20 m / s.   Machine according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the first rotor (12) cooperates with a concave surface (20) on which contact bars with the crop material are separated, in the direction of rotation of the rotor, by a smaller distance or equal to 30 mm.   Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the bars are separated by a smaller distance or equal to 20 mm.   Machine according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the first and second rotor (12, 16), with or without associated concave surfaces   (20, 22) have similar or substantially identical constructions ticks.   Machine according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that it constitutes a harvest- mobile device.   Machine according to any one of the claims   1 to 12, characterized in that it is in the form of a bat- fixed machine.