FR2554689A1 - Method for manufacturing a skin intended to be cut out into shoe uppers to be joined firmly with soles - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing a skin intended to be cut out into shoe uppers to be joined firmly with soles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2554689A1 FR2554689A1 FR8318232A FR8318232A FR2554689A1 FR 2554689 A1 FR2554689 A1 FR 2554689A1 FR 8318232 A FR8318232 A FR 8318232A FR 8318232 A FR8318232 A FR 8318232A FR 2554689 A1 FR2554689 A1 FR 2554689A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- skin
- manufacturing
- retanning
- layer
- soles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0245—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form
- A43B23/0255—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the constructive form assembled by gluing or thermo bonding
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/021—Leather
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/0215—Plastics or artificial leather
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
- A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
- A43B23/0205—Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
- A43B23/0235—Different layers of different material
Abstract
Description
Procédé de fabrication d'une peau destinée à être découpée suivant des tiges de chaussures à solidariser avec des semelles.Process for manufacturing a skin intended to be cut along shoe uppers to be joined with soles.
L'invention est relative à la fabrication d'une peau destinée à être découpée suivant des tiges de chaussures à solidariser avec des semelles.The invention relates to the manufacture of a skin intended to be cut along shoe uppers to be joined to soles.
De très nombreuses chaussures sont fabriquées par l'assemblage d'une tige de chaussure avec une semelle, la tige étant placée sur une forme, après quoi la forme, garnie de la tige, constitue une paroi d'une cavité de moulage dans laquelle est injectée la matière plastique destinée à constituer la semelle, ainsi solidarisée avec la tige au cours même du moulage; ou bien la tige ayant été placée sur la forme et enduite sur son bord-d'une colle, on y applique la.semelle, en cuir ou en matière plastique, ainsi assemblée avec la tige par collage.Many shoes are manufactured by assembling a shoe upper with a sole, the upper being placed on a shape, after which the shape, furnished with the upper, constitutes a wall of a mold cavity in which is injected the plastic material intended to constitute the sole, thus secured to the upper during the molding itself; or else the rod having been placed on the form and coated on its edge with an adhesive, the la.sole is applied therein, in leather or in plastic, thus assembled with the rod by gluing.
Lorsqu'il s'agit de chaussures à tige de cuir, le fabricant de chaussures reçoit du tanneur des peaux dans lesquelles il découpe les tiges. Avant la livraison au fabricant, le tanneur traite la peau en lui appliquant la couche de finition que souhaite le fabricant pour donner à la tige l'aspect final recherché, au point de vue de la couleur et/ou au point de vue de l'état de surface. In the case of shoes with leather uppers, the shoe manufacturer receives hides from the tanner from which he cuts the uppers. Before delivery to the manufacturer, the tanner treats the skin by applying the finishing layer desired by the manufacturer to give the stem the desired final appearance, from the point of view of color and / or from the point of view of surface condition.
Après avoir constaté que, trop souvent, la semelle adhérait d'une manière insuffisante à la tige provenant d'une peau ainsi traitée et déterminé que ce défaut provenait d'une mauvaise liaison entre la couche de finition et la peau, le fabricant de chaussure a pris l'habitude, avant l'assemblage, de débarrasser de la couche de finition la zone marginale de la tige destinée à venir en contact avec la semelle. Ce traitement s'opère habituellement par verrage ou cardage.After having found that, all too often, the sole adhered insufficiently to the upper coming from a skin thus treated and determined that this defect came from a bad bond between the finishing layer and the skin, the shoe manufacturer has become accustomed, before assembly, to rid the finishing layer of the marginal area of the upper intended to come into contact with the sole. This treatment is usually done by glassing or carding.
Mais, très fréquemment, il arrive alors que la zone cardée ou verrée ne coincide pas avec la partie de la tige qui, et par la suite, vient en contact avec la semelle. Si la zone verrée ou cardée est trop large, alors la chaussure, après solidarisation de la semelle, montre une lisière plus ou moins régulière dépourvue de couche de finition. Cette lacune oblige à l'exécution de retouches à la main, dispendieuses. Si par contre la partie verrée ou cardée est trop étroite, la semelle aura une adhésion insuffisante avec la lisière non verrée ou cardée et la chaussure devra être trop souvent mise au rebut.However, very often it happens that the carded or locked area does not coincide with the part of the upper which, and subsequently, comes into contact with the sole. If the glassed or carded area is too wide, then the shoe, after the sole has been secured, shows a more or less regular selvedge devoid of topcoat. This shortcoming requires costly manual touch-ups. If, on the other hand, the locked or carded part is too narrow, the sole will have insufficient adhesion with the edge not locked or carded and the shoe will have to be discarded too often.
Dans tous les cas, l'adhérence de la semelle sur la tige est limitée à la partie de la surface qui a été verrée ou cardée.In all cases, the grip of the sole on the upper is limited to the part of the surface that has been locked or carded.
L'invention a pour objet un procédé qui, prenant le contrepied de ce qui est proposé jusqu'ici, à savoir d'éliminer, avant la solidarisation avec la semelle, le produit reçu par la peau, prévoit d'apporter sur celle-ci plusieurs couches choisies pour obtenir l'effet final recherché, les moyens d'apport assurant une adhésion des couches à la peau telle que la solidarisation de la peau ainsi garnie avec la semelle soit au moins aussi bonne qu'avec une peau débarrassée de tous produits par verrage ou cardage.The subject of the invention is a process which, taking the opposite view from what has been proposed hitherto, namely eliminating, before joining with the sole, the product received by the skin, plans to bring on the latter several layers chosen to obtain the desired final effect, the means of supply ensuring adhesion of the layers to the skin such that the bonding of the skin thus filled with the sole is at least as good as with a skin free of all products by glassing or carding.
Le procédé est particulièrement intéressant pour la fabrication de chaussures de sport, comme des chaussures dites de jogging ou de training, dans lesquelles la peau consitutive de la tige doit être de couleur claire, voire blanche, les irrégularités du verrage ou cardage étant alors rédhibitoires, notamment lorsque la semelle comprend une saillie périphérique destinée à recouvrir partiellement la tige.The process is particularly advantageous for the manufacture of sports shoes, such as so-called jogging or training shoes, in which the constitutive skin of the upper must be light in color, even white, the irregularities of the glassing or carding then being prohibitive, especially when the sole includes a peripheral projection intended to partially cover the upper.
Selon l'invention, la peau destinée à constituer la tige ou empeigne d'une chaussure dont la semelle est rapportée par collage ou moulage, reçoit plusieurs couches destinées à lui conférer l'aspect final, l'apport de couches successives étant séparé par une phase de compactage, la couche finale ou couche de finition étant alors laissée en place sur la peau pour l'assemblage avec la semelle, les différentes couches étant suffisamment adhérentes eStreielles et à la peau initiale pour que la liaison de la semelle à la peau soit aussi bonne que dans le cas d'une peau sans finition de surface mais dont la fleur (épiderme) aura été partiellement éliminée.According to the invention, the skin intended to constitute the upper or upper of a shoe, the sole of which is added by gluing or molding, receives several layers intended to give it the final appearance, the contribution of successive layers being separated by a compacting phase, the final layer or top layer then being left in place on the skin for assembly with the sole, the different layers being sufficiently adherent to the skin and to the initial skin so that the connection of the sole to the skin is as good as in the case of skin without surface finish but from which the flower (epidermis) has been partially eliminated.
On supprime ainsi l'opération de cardage ou verrage, les rehllt; de fahrication et également la nécessité de retouches tout en conservant la même versatilité quant aux modèles de chaussures fabriquées.This eliminates the carding or blocking operation, rehllt; of manufacturing and also the need for alterations while retaining the same versatility as for the models of shoes manufactured.
Selon une première phase caractéristique du procédé, la peau reçoit un préfond, avantageusement constitué par une émulsion de polyuréthane, contenant des pigments et un agent de réticulation, sous une forme suffisamment diluée comme présenté par les préfonds acryliques utilisés habituellement, pour assurer sa bonne imprégnation dans le derme.According to a first characteristic phase of the process, the skin receives a prefond, advantageously constituted by a polyurethane emulsion, containing pigments and a crosslinking agent, in a sufficiently diluted form as presented by the acrylic prefonds usually used, to ensure its good impregnation. in the dermis.
Le procédé prévoit, avant l'apport du préfond, un retannage synthétique de la peau à l'aide des produits chimiques habituellement utilisés par le tanneur tels que les dérivés phénoliques condensés sulfonés et anioniques, les esters phosphoriques et les esters de polyglycols, etc, à l'exclusion de tous produits d'origine végétale ou animale. La liaison entre le préfond et les fibres du cuir n'est pas alors seule- ment mécanique, mais l'adhésion se trouve consiaérablement augmentée par les liaisons chimiques du type hydrogène inter venant entre le liant polyuréthane du préfond et certains groupements fonctionnels du produit de retannage.The process provides, before the introduction of the prefond, a synthetic retanning of the skin using chemicals usually used by the tanner such as condensed phenolic sulfonated and anionic derivatives, phosphoric esters and polyglycol esters, etc. to the exclusion of all products of plant or animal origin. The bond between the foreskin and the fibers of the leather is not then only mechanical, but the adhesion is considerably increased by the chemical bonds of the hydrogen type coming between the polyurethane binder of the foreskin and certain functional groups of the product of retanning.
Le procédé prévoit également qu'on pourra très avantageusement effectuer un ponçage de la fleur de la peau avant l'apport du préfond.The method also provides that it will very advantageously be possible to sand the skin flower before the introduction of the prelude.
Selon une seconde phase du procédé, la peau reçoit un tinter qui a une composition analogue à celle du préfond, mais qui est d'une plus grande concentration tant en émulsion qu'en pigments, l'émulsion étant également additionnée de l'agent de réticulation.According to a second phase of the process, the skin receives a tint which has a composition similar to that of the foreground, but which is of a greater concentration both in emulsion and in pigments, the emulsion also being added with the crosslinking.
On soumet la peau ainsi traitée à un premier placage à chaud pour assurer une complète réticulation chimique des deux couches ainsi apportées et aussi une parfaite adhésion et cohé- sion de l'ensemble, cuir, préfond et inter, tout en préparant l'aspect de surface recherché pour la tige de la chaussure.The skin thus treated is subjected to a first hot plating to ensure complete chemical crosslinking of the two layers thus provided and also perfect adhesion and cohesion of the whole, leather, pre and internal, while preparing the appearance of surface sought for the upper of the shoe.
On applique ensuite une couche de finition de surface qui est constituée d'une dissolution en phase solvant d'une résine polyuréthane, de pigment et d'un agent de réticulation. L'aspect de cette finition peut être brillant ou satiné. Celle-ci adhère bien à la peau en raison du traitement préalable de cette dernière.A surface finish layer is then applied, which consists of a solvent-phase dissolution of a polyurethane resin, pigment and a crosslinking agent. The appearance of this finish can be glossy or satin. It adheres well to the skin due to the prior treatment of the latter.
Enfin on procède à unsecond placage à chaud suivi d'un grainage donnant à la peau son aspect de surface définitif.Finally, we proceed to a second hot plating followed by graining giving the skin its final surface appearance.
La peau est prête pour la livraison par le tanneur au fabricant de chaussures.The hide is ready for delivery by the tanner to the shoe manufacturer.
La peau ainsi traitée est utilisable directement pour la fabrication de la chaussure, après découpage convenable soit qu'elle soit montée sur une forme faisant partie d'un moule qui reçoit la semelle en PU, TR, PVC, etc, par injection, comme habituel, soit que, sur une forme , une semelle fabri quée antérieurement y soit rapportée par collage ou soudage.The skin thus treated can be used directly for the manufacture of the shoe, after suitable cutting or whether it is mounted on a form forming part of a mold which receives the sole in PU, TR, PVC, etc., by injection, as usual , or that, on a form, a previously manufactured sole is attached to it by bonding or welding.
Dans l'un et l'autre cas, aucun traitement de la peau par le fabricant de chaussures n'est nécessaire et, en particulier, ni verrage ni cardage, et l'adhésion de la semelle a lieu sur toute la surface en contact avec la peau dans le cas d'une semelle injectée ou sur toute la surface de la peau qui aura reçu la colle dans le cas d'une semelle collée.In either case, no treatment of the skin by the shoe manufacturer is necessary and, in particular, no glazing or carding, and the adhesion of the sole takes place over the entire surface in contact with the skin in the case of an injected sole or over the entire surface of the skin which will have received the adhesive in the case of a glued sole.
L'expérience montre que l'adhésion de la semelle à une telle peau constitutive d'une tige simplement découpée, non verrée ni cardée, est au moins aussi bonne que celle qui était obtenue après cardage ou verrage.Experience shows that the adhesion of the sole to such a skin constituting a simply cut rod, not locked or carded, is at least as good as that which was obtained after carding or locking.
La fabrication de la chaussure est simplifiée. Les rebuts sont évités ainsi que les retouches.The manufacture of the shoe is simplified. Rejects are avoided as well as rework.
Le prix de revient de l'ensemble est réduit.The cost price of the set is reduced.
Dans ce qui suit, on donne quelques exemples de traitement d'une peau permettant la fabrication de la chaussure en y solidarisant une semelle sans autre traitement préalable de la peau.In what follows, we give some examples of treatment of a skin allowing the manufacture of the shoe by securing a sole to it without any other prior treatment of the skin.
Exemple de pré fond
La composition est la suivante (en poids)
PU émulsion 30
Pigment concentré 10
Eau 20
Ethylglycol 30
Butylglycol 10
Phosphac 2
Réticulant 0,5
102,5 extrait sec iR 21,5%
On applique 4à 6 g de produit sec par pied/carré de peau.Example of a background
The composition is as follows (by weight)
PU emulsion 30
Concentrated pigment 10
Water 20
Ethylglycol 30
Butylglycol 10
Phosphac 2
Crosslinker 0.5
102.5 dry extract iR 21.5%
Apply 4 to 6 g of dry product per foot / square of skin.
Exemple d' "inter"
La composition est la suivante (en poids)
PU émulsion 50
Pigment concentré 30
Eau 20
Réticulant 0,5
100,5 extrait sec S 54,7%
On applique 9 à 12 g de produit sec par pied/carré de peau ayant reçu le préfond.Example of "inter"
The composition is as follows (by weight)
PU emulsion 50
Concentrated pigment 30
Water 20
Crosslinker 0.5
100.5 dry extract S 54.7%
9 to 12 g of dry product are applied per foot / square of skin having received the prelude.
Exemple de finition de surface
La composition est la suivante (en poids)
PU solution 15
Pigment 6
Cyclohexanone 15
Méthyléthylcétone 64
Réticulant 1
101 extrait sec# 13,5 %
On applique 2 à 3 g de produit sec par pied/carré de peau ayant reçu le préfond et l'inter.Example of surface finish
The composition is as follows (by weight)
PU solution 15
Pigment 6
Cyclohexanone 15
Methyl ethyl ketone 64
Crosslinker 1
101 dry extract # 13.5%
2 to 3 g of dry product are applied per foot / square of skin having received the prefond and the inter.
Placage à chaud : Il est effectué sur un matériel classique de tannerie (presses chauffantes) à 1000C pendant 2 à4 secondes. Hot plating: It is carried out on conventional tanning equipment (heating presses) at 1000C for 2 to 4 seconds.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8318232A FR2554689B1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1983-11-16 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SKIN FOR CUTTING FOLLOWING UPPER SHOES TO BE SOLIDARIZED WITH SOLE |
DE8484402324T DE3481267D1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | METHOD FOR PROCESSING LEATHER, ESPECIALLY A TOP OF A LEATHER SHOE, SHOE TOP, AND SHOE PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD. |
US06/754,443 US4705586A (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | Method of working leather for the uppers of leather footwear |
EP84402324A EP0145560B1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | Treating process for leather, particularly for leather shoe-uppers, shoe-uppers and shoes manufactured according to this process |
JP50420284A JPS61500770A (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | Method for processing leather, especially the upper of leather footwear, and footwear manufactured thereby |
BR8407171A BR8407171A (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | PROCESS OF WORKING LEATHER, IN PARTICULAR FOR A LEATHER SHOE GASPEA, AND SHOE AND FOOTWEAR OBTAINED BY THE EXECUTION OF THIS PROCESS |
AU36140/84A AU568171B2 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | A method of working leather in particular for the uppers of leather footwear, and footwear obtained thereby. |
PCT/FR1984/000261 WO1985002095A2 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | Process for shaping leather material, particularly a leather boot leg, boot leg and footwear obtained by implementing such process |
KR1019850700127A KR880001826B1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | Process for shaping leather material particularly a leather bootleg,bootleg and footwear obtained by implementing such process |
AT84402324T ATE50124T1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-14 | METHOD OF WORKING LEATHER, IN PARTICULAR LEATHER SHOE UPPER, SHOE UPPER, AND SHOE MADE BY THIS METHOD. |
MX203402A MX163029B (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-15 | PROCEDURE FOR FINISHING THE LEATHER SURFACE |
CA000467916A CA1258953A (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-15 | Leather forming process, especially for leather shoe uppers, and uppers and shoe thus made |
PT79502A PT79502B (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-15 | Leather treatment and forming process particulary for the upper pormon of leather footwear,footwear upper pormon and footwear obtained by this process |
OA58443A OA07866A (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | Process for shaping leather, in particular a leather shoe uppers, shoe uppers and shoes obtained by implementing this process. |
NZ210229A NZ210229A (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | Surface treatment of leather: three polyurethane coats applied |
ES537732A ES537732A0 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1984-11-16 | PROCEDURE FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF A LEATHER |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8318232A FR2554689B1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1983-11-16 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SKIN FOR CUTTING FOLLOWING UPPER SHOES TO BE SOLIDARIZED WITH SOLE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2554689A1 true FR2554689A1 (en) | 1985-05-17 |
FR2554689B1 FR2554689B1 (en) | 1987-08-21 |
Family
ID=9294186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR8318232A Expired FR2554689B1 (en) | 1983-11-16 | 1983-11-16 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SKIN FOR CUTTING FOLLOWING UPPER SHOES TO BE SOLIDARIZED WITH SOLE |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS61500770A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2554689B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2084981A1 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-05 | Innovatec Microfibre Technology GmbH & Co.KG | Shoe, in particular sport shoe and/or leisure shoe |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE594605C (en) * | 1934-03-19 | Carl Krug Dr Ing | Composite material with high ductility | |
US3119716A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1964-01-28 | Allied Chem | Patent leather finishes |
GB1354621A (en) * | 1971-01-26 | 1974-06-05 | Shoe & Allied Trades Res Ass | Shoe-making |
DE2336957A1 (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-02-06 | Artos Meier Windhorst Kg | One-step mfr. of (partly) synthetic shoe uppers - by combined shaping, heating and punching-out |
FR2461008A1 (en) * | 1979-07-10 | 1981-01-30 | Quinn Peyrache Sa | Leather which changes colour with temp. - prepd. by coating with cholesteric liquid crystals on an interlayer |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT965224B (en) * | 1971-09-08 | 1974-01-31 | Bayer Ag | PROCEDURE FOR COATING WITH POLYURETHANES LEATHER AND TEXTILE MATERIALS |
DE2221756C3 (en) * | 1972-05-04 | 1980-06-26 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Process for the production of solvent-resistant, lightfast, kink and friction-resistant polyurethane coatings on textile substrates, leather or synthetic leather or foils |
JPS6057844B2 (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1985-12-17 | 株式会社クラレ | Method for manufacturing artificial leather shoes |
-
1983
- 1983-11-16 FR FR8318232A patent/FR2554689B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-11-14 JP JP50420284A patent/JPS61500770A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE594605C (en) * | 1934-03-19 | Carl Krug Dr Ing | Composite material with high ductility | |
US3119716A (en) * | 1960-08-01 | 1964-01-28 | Allied Chem | Patent leather finishes |
GB1354621A (en) * | 1971-01-26 | 1974-06-05 | Shoe & Allied Trades Res Ass | Shoe-making |
DE2336957A1 (en) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-02-06 | Artos Meier Windhorst Kg | One-step mfr. of (partly) synthetic shoe uppers - by combined shaping, heating and punching-out |
FR2461008A1 (en) * | 1979-07-10 | 1981-01-30 | Quinn Peyrache Sa | Leather which changes colour with temp. - prepd. by coating with cholesteric liquid crystals on an interlayer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION, vol. 73, no. 3, mars 1978, CINCINNATI, OHIO (US), F. SAMLOT: "Method of finishing leather and the resultant product", page 131, article 2. * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2084981A1 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-05 | Innovatec Microfibre Technology GmbH & Co.KG | Shoe, in particular sport shoe and/or leisure shoe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2554689B1 (en) | 1987-08-21 |
JPS61500770A (en) | 1986-04-24 |
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