MXPA06014138A - Process for obtaining manta ray imitation leather having a polyester surface finish, and product thus obtained. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the synthetic leather industry and mainly to the development of a process for obtaining leather having a polyester surface finish imitating manta ray leather, as well as the product thus obtained; manta ray imitation leather may have various applications such as the manufacture of boots for men and women, pursuits for women and in general leather articles. The process for obtaining manta ray imitation leather having a polyester surface finish comprises various stages amongst which are: preparing a mould, preparing a polyester resin whether it is crystalline or have colour, applying the polyester resin to the mould, preparing a specific gluing agent, applying said gluing agent to a leather interlining and to the resin, heat-activating the gluing agent, locating the mould on the interlining and press the same, finally removing the product from the press and applying transparent and colour lacquer, thereby obtaining a manta ray imitation leather product.

Description

PROCESS FOR THE OBTAINING OF SKIN WITH APPEARANCE OF MANTARRAYA FINISHED WITH SUPERFICIAL POLYESTER FINISH AND PRODUCT OBTAINED.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENCIÓ. There are several factors in the original leather industry that can not be obtained under appropriate conditions of price, quality and under legal conditions; One of these factors is the increasingly strict regulation for the protection of some animals that the authorities decide to establish in order to avoid the indiscriminate killing of the same, another factor refers to the expensive procedures to obtain the most appreciated original natural skins. Therefore, this branch of industry has been oriented to develop new materials and procedures for the manufacture of leather products that resemble the best characteristics of natural skins.

The present invention relates to the synthetic leather industry and particularly to the development of a process for obtaining skin that has the appearance of stingray skin, as well as the product obtained; This name is what is commonly used to identify these fish, additional information regarding this name is the following: Manta is the name given to several marine animals, in particular large rayiformes species, for example the male stingray whose scientific name es dasyatis sugey, the Reyna Mantarraya whose scientific name is hipolaphus sephen, the Atlantic Blanket whose scientific name is Manta Birostris and another, the Devil Stripe whose scientific name is Mobula Hypostoma.

The imitation of the skins according to the present invention refers to all the existing species of MANTARRAYA, which are finished with a polyester surface finish; the skins with the appearance of stingrays are used according to the process of the present invention for various applications, among others the manufacture of boots for men or women, for women's handbags, purses, belts, jackets, belt for hats, cell carriers, carries knives, vests, applications for jackets, shoes, portfolios, backpacks, applications on tables, chairs and armchairs, watch straps, and in general to manufacture leather goods.

Until now, apart from the inventions developed by the applicant, he does not know of other similar inventions that could be considered as antecedents of the present invention, be it patents or patent applications or any other type of publication or information that has been generated in this industry, for example. As stated above, no background has been included in this description.

In the patent MX 230585 a process is demanded for the obtaining of skins that imitate the ones of tail of crocodile and other animals, this process comprises in general the following stages: cutting of the skin to obtain the different pieces for the elaboration of the product; divide, reduce or reduce the material; paint the edges with ink or pigment; impregnate the pieces with glue; to glue, join or pleat the pieces of skin of any type or plastic material in the cut holes in order to simulate, imitate or give the final appearance of the crocodile skin of any type; impregnate and stick material, whether string, thread, vine or other similar material, on the back that serves to highlight edges on pieces of material, leather and / or plastic; impregnate and glue interliners of any type of material; seat joined or pleated pieces; trim excess material; paint any edge or edges of the pieces and shading or painting the pieces of the product with ink to obtain the desired product.

In the patent MX 230584 also of the applicant, a process is protected for obtaining skins that imitate that of the horned crocodile, as well as the product obtained. The process is characterized because it consists of the following stages: cutting of the skin and interlining, engraving of the latter and the application of fillers in the engraving slits of both chinela and heel. Likewise the interwoven, assembled and brushed with which the desired product is obtained that corresponds to a skin that imitates that of the horned crocodile.

The above patents claim processes that are different from the one of the present application, since the stages of such processes, the materials that are used and the products obtained are different from those of the present invention.

The process of the present invention comprises a series of steps and operations of a novel nature, which produce skins with a genuine appearance of Mantarraya.

In order to adequately describe the process of the present invention, this description is accompanied by drawings, in which the different stages and elements of which this process consists and the products obtained are shown, thus: Figure A shows the base on which the original stingray skin is placed.

Figure B illustrates the base that contains the exotic skin of stingray.

Figure C, refers to the base with exotic skin showing the version of diamond stingray.

Figure D shows a frame strip that surrounds the outline of the skin to be reproduced.

Figure E illustrates the fixing of the frame strip to the base where the skin to be reproduced is placed.

Figure F shows the application of a silicone layer to the surface of the original skin.

Figure G illustrates the preparation of the silicone.

Figure H, refers to the application of a catalyst to the silicone mixture.

Figure I shows the emptying of the silicone on the surface of the exotic skin of the original stingray.

Figure J illustrates the placement of a protective film on the silicone mold.

Figure K shows the separation of the silicone mold from the original stingray skin.

Figure L illustrates the silicone mold by the face that was in contact with the stingray skin, also showing the cavities that occurred in said wall.

Figure 1A illustrates the operation of dispersing a coagulating agent in the silicone mold.

Figure 2A shows the manner in which the polymerization aid is added to the container containing the polyester.

Figure 2B, refers to the operation where the pigment is added to the mixture of polyester resin monomer and accelerating agent.

Figures 3A and 3B illustrate the application of the polyester filler on the surface of the silicone plate.

Figures 4A and 4B show the dosage of the polyester resin on the larger area surface of the silicone plate.

Figure 5A. Illustrates the cleanliness of a resin plate.

Figure 6A. Shows the preparation of the color units.

Figure 6B. It refers to the operation of mixing color and adhesive.

Figure 6C. Illustrates the operation of mixing crosslinker and glue.

Figures 7A and 7B. they show the application of the glue to the skin in the heel and in the chinela, on the side of the flesh (epidermis).

Figure 8A. It refers to the application of the glue to the silicone plate with polyester.

Figure 9A. It shows the placement of the silicone plates with glue, in a drying rack.

Figure 10A. It refers to the activation by temperature, of the glue in the silicone mold with polyester.

Figure 11A. It illustrates the operation of centering and gluing the skin on the silicone with polyester.

Figure 12A. It refers to the operation of pressing and gluing the skin with the polyester found in the silicone mold.

Figure 12B. It shows the separation of the skin adhered to the polyester, from the silicone mold.

Figures 13A and 13B. It shows the operation of cutting excess polyester from the shoe and slipper, respectively, formed of leather on the bottom and polyester on the top.

Photographs 1 to 5 represent the product obtained and the boots that are manufactured from said product with different figures.

Additionally there is a photo of the product, imitation stingray skin, male and female.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

Next, a detailed description of the process of the present invention is given, for which use will be made of the figures that illustrate the invention, as well as of the reference numbers found therein.

The preparation of the silicone mold is carried out as illustrated in FIGS. A to L. For the formation of the silicone mold, initially an Al plate is used, which may be made of various materials; On this basis, the original stingray skin is placed, whether it be the female manta ray version shown in Bl or the male diamond stingray version as shown in Cl; around the skin of the stingray a DI stretcher strip is placed, which serves to contain the silicone that is spilled on the surface of the stingray; the DI frame strip is fixed to its base with thermoplastic silicone, using an application gun, as shown in detail in view E3; the silicone application is started by adding a layer of silicone diluent oil Fl, based on the original skin of the stingray; Silicone preparation is carried out by applying 1,546 kg of Gl mixture, in addition to 360 ml of silicone diluent oil G2, mixed in a semi-industrial mixer G3, at a low speed 50 rpm to achieve a homogeneous mixture, with a shake time of 15 to 20 minutes; To the obtained mixture is applied the amount of 0.036 Kg of catalyst, tin lauryl sulfate, Hl, being carried out as a constant jet thread until emptying everything, the speed of mixing (mixing) is progressively increased from 20 rpm to 80 rpm using a total mixing time of 90 seconds; once the silicone mixture has been prepared, the emptying of the latter on the surface of exotic stingray skin Bl or Cl, from the center towards the external sides as indicated in arrows 12 and 13, with the hand and a plastic glove of protection, making pressure so that the silicone penetrates to all the valleys 14 of the surface leaving a uniform thickness of approximately 0.17 mm; after finishing the silicone application, a transparent plastic film Jl is placed so that foreign particles do not fall on the surface during the drying process; the final stage of preparation of the silicone mold Kl, is carried out with the separation of the silicone mold with a knife or cutter K2 following the contour of the frame; the final view of the silicone mold is shown in Ll, in L2 the configuration of the entire surface of the silicone mold is appreciated in detail.

STAGE 1. APPLICATION OF COAGULANT. For this stage, the previously obtained silicone mold is used, which can be rectangular, the dimensions thereof will depend on the article to be manufactured, as an example there are dimensions of approximately 40 cm. wide by 60 cm. long, which is placed on a flat, metallic surface, proceeding to the application of a coagulant product formed of a high reactivity ortho-italic polyester, which requires the addition of a peroxide-type catalyst such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (2a ), applying in small successive quantities to the entire surface of the mold (1) approximately from 1.0 ml to 1.5 ml, using a dispenser (2). The function of the coagulant is so that the polyester that is added later, is formed individually in each cavity, without there being continuity of one with another and the skin can be made more flexible. The coagulant may or may not be used.

Once the coagulant is applied, it is necessary to ensure that it enters the cavities and that it does not remain on the surface between cavities, for which a medium consisting of long, flexible and soft bristles, totally clean, dispersing throughout the area or surface is used. of the mold to be treated, with uniformity and following the arrows, both the full and dotted lines (4), as illustrated in figure 1A, always taking care that the coagulating liquid penetrates into all the cavities of the mold, as shown in detail in part 4A, leaving a very thin coagulant layer of approximately 0.3 mm in the cavities so that when the polyester is added later, in contact with the catalyst, it begins to crystallize and provide an optimum hardness, maintaining an appearance crystalline PREPARATION OF THE CRYSTALLINE OR COLOR POLYESTER RESIN. The crystalline polyester is prepared with the following combination, always taking into account that the total of the mixture that is prepared and what is discarded must be used because it crystallizes and is no longer useful for reuse; one liter of unsaturated polyester monomer, pre-accelerated (5), is added 0.5 to 1.5 ml of a polymerization aid, (6) which is a compound of N-dimethyl aniline, thereby reducing the reaction time at a value of about 20 to 30 minutes, the catalyst for the polyester is used in amounts of 0.5 to 0.9 ml per 1 liter of polyester, obtaining crystallized polyester. In Figure 2A the manner in which the polymerization coadjuvant (6) is added to the container (5) containing the polyester monomer is illustrated.

To provide color to this mixture, if desired, add one or more pigments for resin (7), according to the chosen color, in a proportion of 0.022 Kg at least to 0.11 Kg maximum, approximately; the above operation is illustrated in Figure 2B. It is stirred to homogenize the mixture, the container is capped to prevent the previously formed mixture from absorbing moisture, the former because a wet resin hinders the subsequent operations.

All the above conditions are achieved at a temperature of 24 ° C to not more than 30 ° C, and a percentage of relative humidity less than 50%, in case the temperature is lower than 24 ° C and the percentage of relative humidity greater than 50%, use is made of a cobalt compound, such as cobalt octoate, or cobalt 2-ethyl hexanoate. According to the above, it may or may not add color since some articles are crystalline STAGE 2. APPLICATION OF THE POLYESTER RESIN ON THE SURFACE OF THE SILICON PLATE IN THE LESSER AREA (SECTOR REYNA FEMALE OR DIAMOND SECTOR MALE) The meaning of sector reyna female (8) or smaller area according to the present invention, is defined as a rectangular strip applied in the central part of the mold that covers the entire length thereof, which corresponds to the continuous line of the figure 3-B, this feature has the original stingray skin that belongs to the female of said animal. The best known expression is Mantarraya Reyna, which refers to the female.

The meaning of male diamond sector (9) or smaller area according to the present invention, is defined as a rhomboid figure applied in the central part of the mold which is the solid line of Figure 3-A, this characteristic is the skin of original stingray that belongs to the diamond of the male of said animal. The most well-known expression is Diamond Mantarraya, which refers to the male.

Other figures are made in addition to the male and female of the stingray, such as a stylized cross, such as that of the Templars, the drawing of the sebra skin, the shape of the scorpion, etc. as shown in pictures 2 to 5.

The diamond sector (9) is filled with polyester resin (10) prepared in the previous stage, crystalline or colored.

The polyester with a methyl ethyl ketone peroxide catalyst must be contained in a container (11) provided with a dispenser, in order to dose the supply of the colored or crystalline polyester on the selected surface, reyna (8) or diamond ( 9). The polyester filling is spread with a spatula (12) of EVA material, (ethylene vinyl acetate), to prevent the polyester from adhering to the spatula. The filling is made flush with each cavity that could exist on the surface of the silicone plate, preventing curves or filling holes from filling the holes, or bubbles and removing excess polyester, the above operations are illustrated in the Figures 3A and 3B.

The best way to spread the polyester on the surface of the mold, is from an angle of about 45 °, forming a layer of 2 mm thick which prevents the spatula to pass on the surface of polyester that has already started the Hardening process lift it; The approximate time for the application at room temperature of the polyester is 45 to 60 seconds and the approximate time for drying or hardening is 5 to 10 minutes.

STAGE 3. APPLICATION OF RESIN POLYESTER ON THE SURFACE OF THE PLATE OF SILICON, MAJOR AREA. (FOR THE MALE DIAMOND MOLD AND FOR THE MOLD REYNA FEMALE).

The greater area of stingray (13) is filled with prepared polyester resin, crystalline or colored. The polyester must be contained in a container (14) provided with a dispenser, the supply is dosed on the surface of greater area, without covering dotted areas delimiting the area of male diamond (9) and female reyna (8) respectively, all this to avoid being contaminated with the application color of the larger area. The foregoing is illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B.

The wedges (15) of the spatulas (12) of EVA material that are handled, are extremely clean to avoid contamination and deformation. The filling is made flush with each hole, preventing curves or lack of filling of the holes, or bubbles and removing excess polyester.

The polyester is spread on the surface of the mold from an angle of approximately 45 ° to obtain a better application, avoiding lifting the polyester that has already started the hardening process; The approximate time for the application of the polyester is 2 minutes and the approximate time for drying or full hardening of the polyester is 20 minutes.

STAGE 4 APPLICATION OF THE HALOGENING AGENT ON THE DRY POLYESTER RESIN.

Halogenator (conditioner PU-010) is applied, which according to the present invention is a product containing free isocyanate which has the function of promoting the adhesion of glues, at the same time performs the function of cleaning dust, grease or any another strange element; verifying previously that the resin is completely CRYSTALLIZED. With a small flannel (16) impregnated with conditioner (HALOGENATOR), a slight pressure is exerted on the surface of the resin (17) in order to remove impurities and remove fats and dust to obtain a better adherence when applying the glue, this operation it is illustrated in figure 5A. The estimated time for drying the halogenator is approximately 5 minutes.

PREPARATION OF COLOR GLUE FUND FOR THE JOINT OF POLYESTER WITH SKIN SIDE EPIDERMIS.

The color units are prepared in 250 ml of acetone (18), per 1 liter of ADHESOL-60 glue, (20) whose chemical nature is polyurethane-based polyester in solution, with a minimum of 4.0 mg and a maximum of 20 mg of pigment. for colored resin (19), this operation is illustrated in Figure 6A. and it is stirred stirring it, using as a means to stir the mixture a manual agitator (22), this preparation has a duration of 1 day, keeping it hermetically closed.

To enhance and strengthen the binding force by activation with heat radiation, a mixture of 0.006 g of crosslinker (23) (RQ-205) is made, which is a solvent of aliphatic character for each liter of glue (20), stirring the mix until homogenous, using as a means to stir the mixture a manual stirrer, until homogenizing said mixture, you can also homogenize the mixture by closing the container perfectly and shaking it with force. This operation is illustrated in Figure 6C.

Glue or adhesive containers should be free of dust, water or any other contaminating agent before making any mix.

STAGE 5. APPLICATION OF LEATHER AND POLYESTER GLUE ON THE SILICONE MOLD.

Previously prepared the glue (20) and fully homogenized, we proceed to apply it on the skin (24), epidermis side (meat), the application time is approximately 48 seconds, the surface of the skin should be perfectly clean and without contamination , forming a thick and uniform glue film, of about 1.5 mm, This operation is illustrated in Figures 7A and 7B.

After a meticulous cleaning of impurities, particles, excess polyester and dust, the glue is applied (20), the application time is approximately 45 seconds, forming a thick and uniform film of approximately 1.5 mm. thickness, on the polyester molded in the silicone mold with polyester (25), this thickness is achieved by applying the correct percentage of thinner on the glue in order to obtain the necessary viscosity that results in a thickness of 1.5 mm. This operation is illustrated in Figure 8A.

STAGE 6. DRYING PROCESS.

On a flat, metallic surface (26), as illustrated in FIG. 9A, the molded polyester is placed in the silicone mold with glue (25) and skin (24) with glue, in different shelves (27). Said shelves have horizontal shelves between one and the other to obtain better ventilation and drying; the drying time is approximately 15 to 20 minutes, at room temperature.

STAGE 7. ACTIVATED OF GLUE.

A heater of type of tubular resistances (28) is operated so that it is maintained at a temperature of 60 ° C, the pieces of leather (24), chinela and shoehorn are placed on a wire mesh rack (29), for the side on which the glue was applied, is down, the grill is slidable so it is introduced to a sliding channel that is 5 cm from the tubing resistances, inside the heater, the above to activate the glue.

According to the present invention, the slip is defined as the front part of the footwear, and the shoe is defined as the back or rear part of the footwear, in this case a boot.

The silicone mold with the polyester molded into the silicone mold is placed on a flat metallic movable plate (29), with the side in which the glue was applied exposed upwards in the direction of the tubing resistances, entering the lower part of the mold. sliding channel heater the movable plate at a distance of the tubing resistances of 5 cm, to activate the adhesive, as illustrated in Figure 10A, the approximate activation time is 30 to 60 seconds.

STAGE 8.

UNION AND CENTERING OF LEATHER ON THE POLYESTER MOLDED IN THE SILICON MOLD.

Once the exact activation time has elapsed, the skin pieces (24) are placed on the electric heater and placed on the activated and centered faces on the molded polyester in the silicone mold (25), following a centering axis in accordance to the molds and sizes; the foregoing is illustrated in Figure 11A.

STAGE 9. JOINING AND PRESSING THE POLYESTER IN THE SILICON MOLD AGAINST THE PIECES OF SKIN.

Once the parts are centered as described in step 8, the materials are placed in the following order from top to bottom from the press plate, flexible plate of EVA material (30), thick plastic, chine and shoe (31), silicone mold (1) with the polyester molded in the silicone mold, to proceed to press them with a preferably manual press, for about 30 seconds.

The flexible EVA plate has the function of providing a cushion to the skin pieces under the impact of the pressure, the thick plastic is so that the skin pieces do not stick with the flexible plate of EVA material, due to a possible leakage of glue due to pressure.

The next operation, as shown in Figure 12B, is carried out after pressing, consists of manually extracting from the silicone mold (1) the molded part of polyester (36), which is adhered to the skin pieces (35), being ready for the next stage.

STAGE 10. RECOVERY OF SURPLUS.

Once the pieces are removed from the mold, polyester excesses (32) are cut from the shoe (33) according to Figure 13A, and from the slipper (34) as shown in Figure 13B.

FINISH AND BRIGHTNESS OF THE MOLDED POLYESTER PIECE. A mixture of industrial lacquer of the selected color is prepared at a rate of 150% No. 5 thinner, per liter of color lacquer, this mixture is applied by means of a pressurized air gun to the entire surface of the molded part of the lacquer. polyester to obtain a uniform color in valleys and ridges of the polyester surface. The lacquer is applied to the outer surface of the polyester molded part.

A subsequent operation consists in the unpainting of minor areas, which is done with no thiner. 5 by means of a soft textile material, with the above it is possible to eliminate the excess of colored lacquer on the crests in the sector of male diamond or female reyna so that these recover the color that they acquired in the stage of molding of the polyester.

An alternative method to obtain on the polyester surface, designs of figures with different appearances, consists of placing on a flat surface, the molded piece of polyester and on this one a template on the selected region of the molded polyester surface, the template corresponds to the designs of selected figures such as mantaray reyna, male stingray, scorpion, cross, skull, leopard, giraffe, vipers, zebras, horseshoes, stars, plants, among others, then industrial lacquer is applied, using for example a spray gun pressurized air, or an airbrush or similar means, after applying the lacquer, it is allowed to dry for a time of 10 min. approximately, removing the template with which the desired figures are obtained on the surface of the polyester piece.

Still another alternative procedure consists in not using the template, drawing by hand the desired figure, in the molded surface of selected polyester, using the same color lacquer and applying it under the same conditions of the previous process, with a medium with which it adheres the lacquer to the polyester surface, such as a brush.

To achieve an intense shine on the polyester surface, a clear and high solids glossy lacquer is used, with a proportion of 150% No. 5 thinner per liter of clear lacquer.

This mixture is applied by means of a pressurized air gun to the entire surface of the polyester molding to obtain a uniform intense gloss. The lacquer is applied on the outer surface of the molded part of polyester In relation to the materials used according to the present invention, with respect to the leather pieces that serve as the basis for placing the molded polyester, it must meet the following characteristics: Elongation: In an area of 10 cm2 a stretching range of approximately 5 mm. to 7 mm. Thickness from 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm thick. Cleaning: No perforations or scratches. Sense of cut: crossed. Uniformity in the area of meat. Cut by size, according to the mold or sua e. TYPE of skin: Beef flower, thin and soft (SUATY).

Likewise, skins are used that have the characteristics of softness, elongation, and surface that allows the anchoring of the polyester, as well as sticking and anchoring the polyester, that is to say a good adhesion and that resist the temperature in the pressing process of activation of adhesives , including porcine, goat, equine, bovine hides, textiles of natural and synthetic origin or mixtures thereof.

The above process exemplifies the obtaining of men's or women's boots, the same process is used for the production of women's purses, purses, belts, jackets, hats, cell carriers, pocket knives, vests, jacket applications , shoes, briefcases, backpacks, applications on tables, chairs and armchairs, watch straps, saddles and in general to manufacture leather goods.

As a result of the process of the present invention, the product obtained is a skin with imitation of the stingray whose outstanding characteristics are: Appearance: Stingray skin. Flexibility: It allows to be bent and manipulated without breaking or breaking the obtained crystallization. Hardness: The obtained crystallization has a degree of hardness that prevents breaking or breaking. Operability: Presents ease to be stitched or stitched and even to be stuck, which is achieved its union with the other pieces of footwear. Water resistance: It presents total resistance to water.

In the attached photographs three figures are shown, each one represents the finished product of imitation of the genuine manta ray, which is obtained with the process described above, is formed of protuberances that approximate a truncated conical shape irregular in size, conforming a surface of protuberances and flat surfaces, resembling valleys and crests. from these products are obtained, for example, the boots illustrated in photographs 2 to 5. As can be seen in photographs 1 to 5, the imitation stingray skins have several colors, according to the products to be manufactured and the requirements of the market.

Claims (24)

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N S

1. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) manufacture of a silicone mold; a ') on the surface of a silicone mold that is previously produced, whether or not to apply a coagulating product; b) preparing a polyester resin from a pre-accelerated resin, to which a polymerization aid is added; To give color to this mixture resin pigment is added according to the chosen color; c) the diamond or reyna sector in the silicone mold is filled with the polyester resin prepared in the previous stage, crystalline and colored; the polyester resin is applied on the surface of greater area of the mold, without covering areas that delimit the color of the polyester applied in the previous operation, d) apply a halogenator product to the polyester resin to obtain a better adherence when applying the glue; e) prepare glue with color for the union of the polyester with the interlining, mixing color with acetone and the glue, also to enhance the binding force by activation with heat radiation is added to the glue a crosslinking agent; f) application of the glue on the skin interlining; g) after a meticulous cleaning, the glue is applied to the polyester film that was formed in the silicone mold, producing a film of approximately 1.5 mm thick and uniform; h) on a flat, metallic surface, place the silicone mold with the polyester that has glue and the leather interlinings with glue on different shelves, provided with horizontal shelves for better ventilation and drying; i) on an electric grill at an approximate temperature of 60 ° C, the pieces of leather interlining, slipper and shoehorn are placed on the side where the glue was applied, to activate it. The silicone mold with polyester is placed on a flat metal movable plate, with the face on which the glue exposed to the electrical resistance was applied to activate it; j) after the activation time has elapsed, they are removed from the electric grill and the leather interlining is placed on the polyester film in the silicone mold to contact the respective faces containing the glue; k) once the interlining pieces and the film in the mold are centered, they are placed in order to proceed to press them with a press of manual preference; 1) the mold is removed from the press and the interlining with the polyester is removed from the mold, excess polyester from the shoehorn is trimmed, m) a mixture of industrial lacquer of selected color is prepared, to obtain the uniform color background; transparent and high-gloss glossy lacquer is applied in order to produce an intense shine, obtaining the imitation stingray skin product.

2. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, characterized in that in the preparation of the silicone mold a plate is used initially which can be of various materials; On this basis, the original stingray skin is placed, around the stingray skin there is attached a frame strip that serves to contain the silicone that is spilled on the surface of stingray skin; the application of silicone begins by adding a layer of silicone diluting oil on the basis of the original skin of the stingray; the silicone preparation is carried out using 1,546 kg per mixture, in addition to 360 ml of silicone diluent oil, it is mixed at a low speed 50 rpm to achieve a homogeneous mixture; the amount of 0.036 kg of catalyst, tin lauryl sulfate, is added to the obtained mixture, being carried out as a constant stream until emptying the whole, the speed of mixing (mixing) is progressively increased from 20 rpm to 80 rpm using a time total mixing of 90 sec.; once the silicone mixture has been prepared, the emptying of the latter on the surface of exotic stingray skin from the center towards the outer sides is initiated, making pressure for the silicon to penetrate all the valleys of the skin surface of the stingray, leaving a uniform thickness of approximately 0.17 mm; The final stage of preparation of the silicone mold is carried out with the separation of the silicone mold with a knife or cutter following the outline of the frame.

3. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that the application of the coagulating agent is carried out by applying in small successive quantities to the entire surface of the mold approximately 1.0 ml. to 1.5 mi, using a dispenser. The coagulant may or may not be used. Once the coagulant is applied, it is necessary to ensure that it enters the cavities and that it does not remain on the surface between cavities, for which a medium consisting of long, flexible and soft, totally clean bristles is used, dispersing throughout the area or surface of the mold to be treated, with uniformity and following the arrows, both full and stippled lines, leaving a very thin coagulant layer of approximately 0.3 mm in the cavities. The function of the coagulant is so that the polyester that is added later, is formed individually in each cavity, without there being continuity of one with another and the skin can be made more flexible.

4. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that the crystalline polyester is prepared with the following combination: to one liter of unsaturated polyester monomer, pre-accelerated, they add 0.5 to 1.5 ml of a polymerization aid, which is a compound of N-dimethyl aniline, which reduces the reaction time to a value of approximately 20 to 30 minutes, the catalyst for the polyester is used in amounts of 0.5 to 0.9 ml per 1 liter of polyester, obtaining crystallized polyester. To provide color to this mixture, if desired, add one or more pigments for resin, according to the chosen color, in a proportion of 0.022 Kg at least to 0.11 Kg maximum, approximately; stirring vigorously in a circular manner to homogenize the mixture, for a period of approximately 2 minutes for each color, preventing the previously formed mixture from absorbing moisture.

5. - Process for obtaining skin with the appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that the diamond sector or the reyna sector is filled with the polyester resin prepared in the previous stage, crystalline and of color, at room temperature, the polyester is contained in a container provided with a dispenser, in order to dose the supply of the colored polyester on the selected surface or sector; the polyester filling is spread with a spatula of EVA material and with a knife-like edge; the filling is made flush with each hole that may exist on the surface of the silicone plate, preventing curls or filling failures from the holes or bubbles and removing excess polyester.

6. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 5, characterized in that the polyester is preferably spread on the surface of the mold, from an angle of approximately 45 °, and avoiding lifting the polyester that has already started the hardening process due to contact with the coagulating agent; The approximate time for the application of the polyester is 45 to 60 seconds and the approximate time for drying or hardening is 20 to 30 minutes.

7. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that the greater area of stingray is filled with polyester resin prepared and colored, the polyester is contained in a container provided with a dispenser, the supply is dosed on the surface of greater area, without covering areas that delimit the color of the polyester deposited previously to avoid contamination with the application color of this stage, the filling is made flush with each hole , avoiding curves or lack of fill of the holes, or bubbles and removing excess polyester.

8. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 7, characterized in that the polyester is spread on the surface of the mold by a spatula of EVA material, from an angle of 45.degree. ° approximately to obtain a better application, avoiding lifting polyester that has already started the hardening process due to contact with the coagulating agent; The approximate time for the application of the polyester is 2 minutes and the approximate time for drying or full hardening of the polyester is 20 minutes.

9. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that a halogenator product, which is a product containing free isocyanate, is applied to the polyester resin, verifying previously that the resin is completely dry to obtain a better adherence when applying the glue, the time for drying the halogenator is approximately 5 minutes.

10. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that the color units are prepared in 250 ml of acetone, by 1 liter of glue whose chemical nature is polyurethane and polyester in solution, with a minimum of 4.0 mg and a maximum of 20 mg of pigment for colored resin, and stirred by stirring, this preparation lasts for 1 day, keeping it hermetically closed.

11. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that a proportional mixture of approximately 0.006 g of a crosslinking agent, which is a solvent of aliphatic character, is carried out, per liter of glue, to enhance and strengthen the binding force by activation with heat radiation, stirring the mixture until it is homogeneous, until 100% of the crosslinker is incorporated.

12. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized by the application of the glue previously prepared on the skin interlining, the application time is approximately 48 seconds, the surface of the skin must be perfectly clean and free of contamination, to form a uniform glue film of approximately 1.5 mm; After a meticulous cleaning of impurities, particles, excess polyester and dust, apply the glue on the polyester film in the silicone mold, the application time is approximately 45 seconds, obtaining a uniform film of approximately 1.5 mm thickness .

13. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that: the molded polyester is placed in the silicone mold, with glue and the skin with glue, in shelves different, these shelves have horizontal shelves separated from each other to obtain better ventilation and drying; the drying time is approximately 15 to 20 minutes, at room temperature.

14. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that in a heater at a temperature of 60 ° C the pieces of wire are placed on a wire mesh grid. skin, slipper and shoehorn on the side where the glue was applied, to activate it; the polyester in the silicone mold is placed on a flat metal movable plate, with the face on which the glue was applied exposed to the electrical resistance to activate it, the approximate activation time is 30 to 60 seconds.

15. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that after the exact time of activation, they are removed from the electric grid and placed on the activated and centered faces , the leather interlining on the polyester that is in the silicone mold, following a centering axis according to the molds and sizes.

16. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that after the centering of the skin pieces and the mold, a thick plastic film is placed on a plate of EVA material, and placed in the following order: plate of EVA material, slipper and footwear, (interlining) and polyester in the silicone mold, to press them with a press of manual preference, for approximately 30 seconds, after this operation, the molded polyester piece, which is adhered to the skin pieces, is manually removed from the silicone mold, ready for the next stage.

17. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that a selected industrial lacquer mixture is prepared at a rate of 150% No. 5 thinner, per liter of colored lacquer, this mixture is applied with a pressurized air gun to obtain a uniform color in valleys and ridges of the polyester surface, after applying the lacquer, the skin with the appearance of stingray is obtained. A subsequent operation consists in the unpainting of minor areas, which is done with no thiner. 5 by means of a soft textile material, with the above it is possible to eliminate the excess of colored lacquer on the crests in the sector of male diamond or female reyna so that these recover the color that they acquired in the stage of molding of the polyester.

18. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 1, characterized in that to obtain on the polyester surface, designs of figures with different appearances, is placed on a flat surface, the molded part of polyester and in this one a template in the selected region of the molded polyester surface, the template corresponds to the designs of selected figures such as mantaray reyna, male stingray, scorpion, cross, skull, leopard, giraffe, vipers, zebras, horseshoes, stars, plants, among others; then industrial lacquer is applied, using for example a pressurized air gun, or an airbrush or similar means, after applying the lacquer, it is allowed to dry for a time of 10 min. Approximately, the template is removed with which the desired figures are obtained on the surface of the polyester piece.

19. - Process for obtaining skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 18, characterized in that another alternative procedure consists in not using the template, drawing by hand the desired figure, on the molded surface of polyester selected, using the same color lacquer and applying it under the same conditions of the previous process, with a medium with which the lacquer adheres to the polyester surface, such as a brush.

20. - Skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, characterized in that it comprises a thin layer of polyester resin and other components, glued together by a skin interlining.

21. - Skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 20, characterized in that the other components comprise: in the upper part of the thin layer of polyester resin a coagulating agent that forms a layer of approximately 0.3 mm . and a thin layer of lacquer, and in the lower part a halogenating compound and a glue layer of approximately 1.5 mm. of thickness.

22. - Skin with appearance of stingray, finished with a polyester surface finish, according to claim 20, characterized in that the polyester layer has a smaller area with polyester of one color and a larger area with polyester of another color; the smaller area may contain in addition to the figure of diamond and band, the figures of a stylized cross, which may or may not be surrounded by a band or circle, of zebra, scorpion, figures without specific form, bands of different sizes, skull and of plants.

23. - Skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 20, characterized in that the skin interlining has a thickness of approximately 0.7 mm. to 0.9 mm. , without perforations or traced, preferably identified as thin and soft whole flower (Suaty). The skins that can be used for their characteristics of softness, elongation, and surface that allows the anchoring of the polyester, sticking and anchoring the polyester, that is to say a good adhesion and that resist the temperature in the pressing process of activation of adhesives, are skins of cattle, pigs, goats, equines, cattle, textiles of natural and synthetic origin or mixtures thereof.

24. - Skin with appearance of stingray, finished with polyester surface finish, according to claim 20, characterized in that it allows to be bent and handled without breaking or breaking the obtained crystallization; the crystallization obtained has a degree of hardness such that it prevents cracking or breaking; It presents ease to be stitched or stitched and even to be stuck, which is achieved its union with the other pieces of footwear, has total resistance to water; it is formed of protuberances that approximate a truncated conical shape irregular in size, forming a surface of protuberances and flat surfaces, resembling valleys and ridges.