FR2539814A1 - Machine with an oscillating piston which can be used as a 2-stroke or 4-stroke internal combustion engine, as a fluid transmission device, pump, compressor, or electric generator - Google Patents

Abstract

It comprises at least one "vane-hub" assembly 1 situated in a chamber of origin 3 and a transmission causing the vane to reciprocate with respect to the casing 4 in order alternately to increase and decrease the volume which they delimit. Inlet and exhaust of fluid are provided by the passages 5 and 6 which are blocked or open in a desired order by virtue of a set of cam discs, rockers 7 and 8 and valves 23 and 24. Fuel injectors and spark plugs provide combustion. The transmission comprises a lever securely fastened to the "vane-hub" assembly driving a toothed wheel fitted with an eccentric by means of a connecting rod. Application to combustion engines as well as to fluid transmissions, to two-stroke engines, to compressors and to pumps, and possibly to electricity generators.

Description

 The present invention relates to reciprocating piston engines and is aimed in particular at an original reciprocating piston structure especially intended for internal combustion engines but which can, with suitable modifications, be adopted in fluid transmissions in two-stroke engines, in compressors and pumps and possibly in generators of electricity.

 The invention proposes a reciprocating piston engine comprising an original chamber arranged between external and internal walls, at least one blade located in the chamber; a means suitable for alternating the blade relative to the cylinder head so that a space defined between the facing faces of the blade and the cylinder head alternately increases and decreases in volume. A means, comprising a corridor, open or closed as required, formed in the cylinder head, ensuring the suction of fluid in said space while the latter increases in volume and a means comprising another corridor, open or closed as required, formed in the cylinder head, ensuring the exhaust while said space decreases in volume.

 Advantageously, said corridors are arranged, open or closed by valves so that. the blade sucks and discharges the fluid according to a desired cycle. Several blades can be adapted on the same hub; the front and back of each blade can be used. Consequently, several aforementioned cylinder heads can be provided, distributed suitably. In general, the "blade-hub" and wall (Z.) assembly are mounted concentrically.

 The engine is preferably arranged to operate as an internal combustion, gasoline, diesel or gas engine; means may be provided for burning the contents of said space. According to a preference for uses of the front and back of two opposite blades integral with the same hub, means are provided ensuring an ignition time during compression in each of said spaces and at the appropriate time. According to a preference for the use of the front and back of two opposite blades integral with the same hub, it is provided with means ensuring synchronization of the intake, of the compression, of the explosion and of the exhaust between the four said spaces This synchronization is established thanks to a set of valves, rocker arms controlled by a toothed wheel supporting cams driven by another toothed wheel provided with four times less teeth, the latter being driven by the hub thanks to a connecting rod. The arrangement of the cams according to a preferential distribution will allow each said space to have a different function from the others, at the same time.

 Preferably, the reciprocating movement (describing an arc of a circle at the end of the blade) of the "blades - hub" assembly will be transformed into rotary movement by means of a transmission comprising a lever secured to the above-mentioned assembly, causing a eccentric integral with a toothed wheel by means of a connecting rod, this wheel will drive a wheel four times larger which will have the role of controlling the opening and closing of the penetration and ejection corridors. and will order the respective lighting of the candles.

 According to a variant, the small toothed wheel can drive the large wheel by a gear inside the latter.

 According to a preference, the transmission mechanism and the cam wheel are supported and protected in a housing forming a wall of the engine.

We will now describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows in section Ras main chambers of a motor according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows in perspective a set of "hub-blades
Figure 3 shows in perspective the walls of the engine (exterior);
Figure 4 is a view of -the assembly of the engine transmission and distribution.

The reciprocating engine which, in the example chosen, is an internal combustion engine, comprises four said spaces (3.) delimited by external (2), (4), (13) and (14) and internal (1) walls. ). Between the said spaces, the blades (1) secured to the same hub (l) alternate alternately, but ensuring gas tightness between the previously cited walls. A
space (3) is thus defined between each face of blade relative to the face of the respective cylinder head (4) (face to face) The assembly "blades - hub is coupled to a transmission which introduces, as will be shown below -after, an alternative movement. In fact. of this movement back and forth of the blades by
compared to the cylinder heads, each space (3) increases and decreases alternately and respective volume.

 The outer walls (4) have corridors (5) which provide the supply of fuel fluid in the example chosen, starting from intake pipes connected to the spaces (5) defined inside the walls (4 ).

These same outer walls (4) have corridors (6) which provide the exhaust. The arrangement of the distribution wheel (17) with cam (19) (intake control) and (18) (exhaust control) is maliciously designed to allow the opening of an intake valve ( 23), by means of a rocker arm (7), to admit the passaqe of the fluid when the -volume of said space (3); corresponding to this valve; increases after having completed its exhaust. The chamber is at its optimal volume; and being charged with fluid; the inlet valve closes while the face of the blade approaches the face of the cylinder head (4); of course the exhaust valve (8) closes the exhaust passage (6) corresponding to this same chamber; the space of the chamber decreases which ensures compression. An ignition means which is, in the example chosen, a spark plug (9) penetrating into a receiver housing (? 0) formed in the outer wall (4) (cylinder head), the position and the desired operating mode for ignite the contents of the space, the volume of which then increases, strongly repelling the blade. When it comes to bottom dead center, simultaneously the exhaust valve (8) opens and thus allows the burnt gases; pale which goes back to top dead center; to escape through the exhaust passage (6). Thus the blade in the top dead center position and the exhaust finished, the intake valve (23) is about to open in synchronization with the blade which moves towards the bottom dead center.

 A four-stroke engine cycle is provided for each space. By preference each space; at the same time; will perform a function different from the others.

 Figure 2 shows a complete set of "medium blades" (1). This assembly will have a rolling movement relative to the axis AA. It will be noted that the twin blades machined with the hub (1) (or fixed on this hub) are perfectly opposite along an axis bB The ends of the hub which will be housed in a respective bearing (or other4, not shown; are provided to support and transmit externally the movement of the "blade-hub" assembly to which they are integral.

 Figure 3 is an exploded and perspective view of the engine block with removal of organs (valves, rocker arms, cam wheel; transmission, bouqies etc ....) in which will be housed the whole "blades - hub (housing provided in the center figure).

 The "hub blades" assembly (1) being introduced into its housing (3) and thus creating spaces (3) which are limited by the outer walls (2) each inner surface of which has been machined in a cylinder <it goes from or that the bore of the interior walls (2) is relative to the diameter described by the blades (1) sn movement) and the cylinder heads (4). The exterior walls (14 and 13) which also delimit the spaces (3), ensure the lateral tightness and finally the hub (1) will prohibit the communication between the four spaces and thus will close the delimitation of the walls. The diameter of the cylinder forming the hub is relative to the diameter of bore of the cylinder heads (4) (arcs of a circle) .The element (13) serves as a sealed wall but at the same time it serves as a bearing support in which will be housed one end of the hub (1). The element (14) serves as a sealed wall, but at the same time it can serve as a support and protection for transmission and distribution. We will observe the different arrangements of the central block in Figure 3. Exhaust corridors (6) allow the ejection of the fluid from the inside of the walls to the outside. Inlet corridors (5) allow penetration of fluid from the outside of the walls to the inside. Fitted perforations (20) will allow the installation of the candles.

 In Figure 4 there is a combined assembly of transmission and distribution which will be properly adapted to the engine. The assembly "hub blades" (1) FIG. 2 drives a lever (10) integral with the grooved end of the hub (1). A screw (12) and a washer (11); according to a prEference; guarantee the locking of the lever (10) on one end of the hub (1) (splined part). This lever is equipped with an axis (26) which pe netreodans a bore (27) Figure 4 of the same factory diameter in the end of a return rod (15), at the other end of this rod, a second bore (28) will allow penetration of the axis (29) integral with a toothed wheel (16) fixed in its center on a toothed transmission axis (not shown). The connecting rod (15) and the pinion (16) thus coupled together, it is possible to define the deflections of the "hub blades" assembly and to transform this reciprocating movement into a rotary movement. The wheel (16) drives the wheel (17). For the wheel (17) to make a revolution, the wheel (16) must execute four revolutions in a 1 to 4 ratio. The large wheel (17) freely rotating on an axis at its center (not shown); supports a disc (18); fixed on the wheel; on which is fitted a boss (cam) properly arranged to tilt; during rotation of the toothed wheel (17) at a desired time; an exhaust rocker (8) via a control arm (30) (disproportionate in the diagram); the rocker arm is fixed on the arm; which ends in a bend (32) (lever) which supports a stop (31) which slides or rolls on said disc (18); This arm (30) pivots on supports (not shown). One or more springs (25); according to a conventional system of four-stroke engines; aids or assists in raising and closing the valves but at the same time this or these springs push back all of: rocker arm (8), arm, elbow, and the stop which thus is, in principle, in contact with the disc ( 18) during the complete revolution of the latter; A second disc (19); also fixed on the wheel (17); on which is fitted a boss (cam) properly arranged to tilt; during the rotation of the wheel at a desired time an intake rocker (7) via a control arm (30) (the rocker is fixed on the arm) which ends in a bend (32) ( lever) which supports a stop (31) which slides or rolls on said disc. This arm pivots on supports (not shown). One or more springs (25); according to a conventional system of four-stroke engines; aids or assists in raising and closing the valves but at the same time this or these springs push back the assembly: rocker arm, arm, elbow and the stop which thus is, in principle, in contact with the disc (19) during the revolution of A simple distribution circuit (not shown) associated with the spark plugs can be controlled, for example, by a third bossed disc (cam) fixed on the wheel (17).

 If the engine is to be used for fluid transmission; by considering an emitter and a receiver (therefore two motors); the transmitter is caused to be driven by the pinion (16) (by means of its splined shaft, not shown) and the dispensing assembly is possibly eliminated: wheel (17), stops (31), elbows (32), arms (30), rocker arms (7 and 8), springs (25) and valves (23 and 24) which are replaced; for example; by non-return valves and the valve stem holes (21 and 22) and the spark plug holes (20) are closed. It is understood that the non-return valves must have a very specific function. One can, for example install non-return valves in place of the exhaust valves, allowing the outlet of the fluid but preventing penetration; in the spaces (3). In this way, non-return valves will be installed in place of the intake valves which, conversely, will allow the penetration of the fluid into the spaces (3) but will prohibit its exit. In this way the fluid will penetrate into the spaces (3 ) through the intake corridors (5) and will be discharged outside the spaces through exhaust corridors (6). The receiver will be arranged in the same way as the transmitter. By connecting L. correctly the pipes between the transmitter and the receiver which will transport the fluid, if one provides a rotation to the wheel (16) of the transmitter one must find this same rotation to the wheel (16) of the receiver For this, it suffices to connect the exhaust of each transmitting space to the intake of the twin space of the receiver. To connect the admission of each transmitting space to the exhaust of the twin space of the receiver. become a transmitter and the latter can become a receiver.

 The motor can be used as a pump or compressor by modifying it and driving it like the previously mentioned transmitter or receiver.

 Using the engine as a two-stroke cycle engine will involve removing the timing assembly: wheel (17), stops (31) elbows (32), arms (30), rockers (7 and 8), springs (25) and valves (23 and 24). Close the valve stem holes (21 and 22) and the exhaust and intake passages (5 and 6). The engine can be fitted with exhaust and intake lights like a traditional two-stroke cycle engine. Thus we will use, for example, the fronts of each blade as the piston top supporting the explosion and the back of each blade as the piston bottom allowing 1-a suction of the fluid. Corridors and intake and exhaust lights will be carefully arranged in the walls (2) in the same way as a traditional two-stroke engine. According to a special arrangement of the blades, the front and back can be used in the same way as the traditional "piston top" (part supporting the explosion).

 In the event of the use of the motor as generator of electricity one will implant magnets at the level of the blades and the electromagnets in the walls or the reverse (electromagnets in the blades, and the magnets in the walls) one will entrainera the machine, thus produced, by the wheel (16).

 The present invention is applicable to a "gas" engine in which case the engine may remain unchanged.

 The present invention is applicable to a "diesel" engine. In this case, we replace the spark plugs with fuel injectors.

 Different configurations can be combined with the cautiously mentioned possibilities of the motor, example "pump motor". In this specific case and according to Figure 1 plate 1 we use the two upper spaces as a four-stroke cycle engine - and the lower spaces as a pump.

Claims (13)

R E V E N D I C-fl. T I O N S  1) Reciprocating piston motor characterized in that it comprises in combination a chamber (3) of original shape housed between external walls (2) (4) (13) and (14) and interior (lj, at least one "set "pa.e-hub" (1) located in the chamber, a clean means Figure 4-, to alternate the blade relative to the cylinder head (4) so that a space- {3>, defined between the opposite faces of the blade and the cylinder head, alternately increases and decreases the volume, means comprising a distribution system Figure 4 controlling intake valves (23) allowing the suction of fluid in said space (3) ;; by l '' through intake corridors (5); while this denier (3) increases in volume and exhaust valves (24) allowing the exhaust; via exhaust corridors (6), -during that said space (3) decreases in volume.  2) Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that said dormor necks (5) and (6) are closed or not closed by valves (23) and (24), according to a given cycle (four times).  3) Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade or blades (1) are coupled to a crankshaft system Figure 4, so as to ////////////////// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //////// undergo an alternating movement, limit in its movement and allowing this alternating movement to be transformed into a rotary movement outside the chamber (3).  4) Motor according to claims 2 and 3 joint, characterized in that said valves operate in synchronization with the blades (1) thanks to a set: "cam-discs" (17) (18) and (19), levers (32 ), rocker arms (7) and (8) and springs (25) according to a four-stroke cycle.  5! Internal combustion engine comprising a set of elements according to any one of the preceding claims, placed so as to cause combustion in said space (3).  6) Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that there is provided a suction time, a compression time, an explosion time and an exhaust time in each space (3).  7) An engine according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chamber (3) contains one or more blades (1), each blade being rigidly mounted on a common support (or hub) (1) and the blades being regularly inserted .  8) Motor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axis of said support (or hub) (1) merges with the axis of the chamber.  9) The engine can be used; according to any one of the preceding claims; as a fluid transmission characterized by a transmitter and a receiver (therefore two motors); possibly eliminating the distributor assembly (see claim 4) by replacing the valves (23) and (24) with non-return valves which will have a precise function, by closing the valve stem stems (21 and 22) as well as the spark plug holes (20). Non-return valves installed at the orifices of the exhaust passages (6) will allow the exit of the fluid and non-return valves installed at the orifices of the intake manifolds (5) will allow the penetration of the fluid. The reverse function is impossible for each valve. The receiver will be arranged in the same way as the transmitter; the exhaust pipes of the transmitter will be connected to the receivers of the receiver (by pipes ?, the pipes of the transmitter will be connected to the exhaust pipes of the receiver (by pipes). If a rotation is applied to the wheel (16) of the transmitter, the wheel (16) of the rector will have the same rotation.  10) The motor according to claim 9 can be used as a pump characterized by the same design as the transmitter.  11) It is feared to use the engine according to the preceding claim 10 as a compressor characterized by the same design as the pump or the transmitter  12) The engine can be used according to claim 9 as a two-stroke engine characterized by the same design as the transmitter after some modifications. The lanes (5) and (6) will be eliminated, the non-return valves also. The engine can be equipped with exhaust and intake lights in the same way as a traditional two-stroke engine. The front of each blade is used as the piston top (supporting the explosion) and the back of each blade is used as a piston underside sucking the fluid and driving it back into the space (3) between the back of the blade (1) and the cylinder head (4) via a communication corridor arranged in the wall (2). The intake and exhaust are provided by holes passing through the wall (2) from the inside to the outside.  13) The motor according to claim 1 can be used as a generator characterized by the use of the outer walls (2) and (4) in which electromagnets of the inner wall (1) and of the blade (s) will be installed. magnets. The placement of the elements can be reversed.