FR2535117A1 - FUEL CELL PROTECTION CIRCUIT - Google Patents
FUEL CELL PROTECTION CIRCUIT Download PDFInfo
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- FR2535117A1 FR2535117A1 FR8310087A FR8310087A FR2535117A1 FR 2535117 A1 FR2535117 A1 FR 2535117A1 FR 8310087 A FR8310087 A FR 8310087A FR 8310087 A FR8310087 A FR 8310087A FR 2535117 A1 FR2535117 A1 FR 2535117A1
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- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
A.CIRCUIT DE PROTECTION DE CELLULE A COMBUSTIBLE. B.CIRCUIT ET SYSTEME COMPRENANT UNE CELLULE A COMBUSTIBLE 22 AVEC EN PARALLELE UNE RESISTANCE DE PROTECTION 44 ET UN THYRISTOR 42, LE THYRISTOR 42 ETANT COMMANDE PAR UN MOYEN 46 DETECTANT LA TENSION ET GENERANT UN SIGNAL DE COMMANDE, AINSI QU'UN MOYEN DE COUPURE 48 POUR LA CELLULE. C.L'INVENTION CONCERNE LES CELLULES A COMBUSTIBLE.A. FUEL CELL PROTECTION CIRCUIT. B. CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM INCLUDING A FUEL CELL 22 WITH IN PARALLEL A PROTECTIVE RESISTOR 44 AND A THYRISTOR 42, THE THYRISTOR 42 BEING CONTROLLED BY A MEANS 46 DETECTING THE VOLTAGE AND GENERATING A COMMAND SIGNAL, AS WELL AS A CUTTING MEANS 48 FOR THE CELL. C. THE INVENTION RELATES TO FUEL CELLS.
Description
Circuit de protection de cellule à combustible ".Fuel Cell Protection Circuit ".
La présente invention concerne un circuit de pro- The present invention relates to a pro-
tection de cellule à combustible et notamment un circuit de protection pour commander un groupe de cellules à combustible branchées en parallèle et en particulier pour protéger les cellules à combustible au cours d'opérations fuel cell protection and in particular a protection circuit for controlling a group of fuel cells connected in parallel and in particular for protecting the fuel cells during operations
de démarrage, d'arrêt et pour les phases transitoires. start-up, shutdown and transient phases.
Les cellules ou piles à combustible donnent du courant continu avec des caractéristiques de tension et d'intensité qui peuvent varier selon un grand nombre de facteurs tels que le combustible (pression, quantité ettype) de l'oxydant (pression et quantité) de l'âge de la cellule Cells or fuel cells provide direct current with voltage and current characteristics that can vary with a variety of factors such as the fuel (pressure, amount and type) of the oxidant (pressure and quantity) of the age of the cell
à combustible, de la température de la cellule à combus- fuel, the temperature of the fuel cell
tible etc Lorsque plusieurs cellules à combustible sont branchées en parallèle sur une ligne de courant continu, une certaine cellule à combustible peut être endommagée si elle subit des tensions transitoires extrêmes Les dispositifs de connexion doivent être dimensionnés pour When several fuel cells are connected in parallel on a DC line, a certain fuel cell may be damaged if it experiences extreme transient voltages. The connection devices must be sized to
couper le courant correspondant à un court-circuit perma- switch off the current corresponding to a permanent short-circuit
nent Dans les conditions accidentelles, les courants In accident conditions, currents
très élevés peuvent se produire pendant quelques millise- very high levels can occur for a few millis-
condes Il faut donc un moyen pour protéger chaque cellule condes So it takes a way to protect each cell
contre un accident au cours de tels phénomènes transi- against an accident during such transient
toires.tories.
En outre, il peut être nécessaire de faire l'entre- In addition, it may be necessary to
tien d'une cellule sans couper la ligne d'alimentation de tension continue Il faut donc un moyen permettant de débrancher et de rebrancher chaque cellule à combustible sans agir sur la ligne générale de tension continue Le courant continu et les ondes de tension n'ont pas de point de passage à zéro, naturel comme les courbes de a cell without cutting off the DC voltage supply line This requires a means to disconnect and reconnect each fuel cell without acting on the general line of DC voltage DC and voltage waves have not no zero crossing point, natural like the curves of
courant alternatif et cela complique leur coupure Lors- alternating current and this complicates their break
que les contacts d'un commutateur de courant continu s'ou- that the contacts of a DC switch are
vrent, on éteint l'arc qui se forme et le courant qui passeen procédant de trois manières: the arc that is formed and the current that passes in three ways are extinguished:
( 1) en augmentant la longueur de l'arc et en le refroi- (1) by increasing the length of the bow and cooling it
dissant, ( 2) en envoyant des impulsions antagonistes (injection d'une impulsion de courant de polarité opposée à travers les contacts) pour créer un état de zéro momentané, ( 3) en coupant le passage du courant en un autre point du circuit. Les commutateurs à coupure mécanique commandés manuellement ou par des moteurs permettent facilement d'effectuer la fermeture et les fonctions de traitement de puissance nécessaires mais ils sont lents et ne peuvent être dimensionnés pour les conditions d'interruption de (2) by sending counter-pulses (injecting a current pulse of opposite polarity through the contacts) to create a momentary zero state, (3) cutting the current flow to another point in the circuit. Manually or mechanically controlled mechanical cut-off switches provide easy closure and power processing functions, but are slow and can not be sized for
charge de courant continu, particulières. DC load, particular.
Les disjoncteurs de circuits alternatifs sont par- AC circuit breakers are
fois utilisés pour une alimentation de tension continue. used for a continuous voltage supply.
Dans ce cas, il faut effectuer des essais particuliers In this case, special tests must be carried out
pour déterminer les possibilités de traitement de la ten- to determine the possibilities of treatment of
sion continue dans l'application particulière Certaines données sont disponibles pour les petits disjoncteurs de circuit mais il n'en existe aucune pour des puissances importantes. Un disjoncteur de tension continue monopolaires pour une intensité de 4000 Ampères sous une tension de 3000 volts en continu est fabriqué en Europe par AEG Telefunken, mais de tels calibrages sont plus élevés que continued flow in the particular application Some data is available for small circuit breakers, but there are none for large power ratings. A monopolar DC voltage circuit breaker for 4000 amperes at a continuous voltage of 3000 volts is manufactured in Europe by AEG Telefunken, but such calibrations are higher than
nécessaire et les calibrages de tension sont plus faibles. necessary and the voltage calibrations are lower.
Il faudrait des circuits de déclenchement et de commande particuliers, si bien que de tels disjoncteurs connus ne Special tripping and control circuits would be required, so that such known circuit breakers would not
constituent pas la solution idéale. not the ideal solution.
La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces The present invention aims to remedy these
inconvénients et concerne à cet effet un circuit de pro- disadvantages and relates for this purpose to a pro-
tection de cellule à combustible comportant un détecteur de tension et un générateur de signal pour détecter la tension de sortie de la cellule à combustible et générer un signal correspondant, une charge de protection et un moyen de branchement d'une charge recevant le signal pour A fuel cell sensor comprising a voltage detector and a signal generator for detecting the output voltage of the fuel cell and generating a corresponding signal, a protective charge and a means for connecting a load receiving the signal for
brancher la charge de protection sur la cellule à combus- connect the protective load to the fuel cell
tible lorsque la tension de sortie de la cellule atteint tible when the output voltage of the cell reaches
un niveau prédéterminé, de façon à limiter toute excur- a predetermined level, so as to limit any excur-
sion en surtension de la cellule de combustible en créant overvoltage of the fuel cell by creating
un chemin de courant pour la sortie de la cellule à com- a current path for the output of the cell to com
bustible. La présente invention concerne également un circuit de protection d'un système à cellule à combustible avec un détecteur de tension et un générateur de signal pour détecter la tension de sortie de la cellule à combustible COMBUSTIBLE. The present invention also relates to a protection circuit of a fuel cell system with a voltage detector and a signal generator for detecting the output voltage of the fuel cell.
et générer un signal correspondant, une charge de protec- and generate a corresponding signal, a protection load
tion et un moyen de branchement d'une charge recevant le signal pour brancher la charge de protection sur la cellule à combustible lorsque la tension de sortie de la cellule à combustible atteint un niveau prédéterminé, de façon à limiter l'excursion en surtension de la cellule à combustible en créant un chemin de courant pour la and means for connecting a load receiving the signal to connect the protective load to the fuel cell when the output voltage of the fuel cell reaches a predetermined level, so as to limit the overvoltage excursion of the fuel cell. fuel cell by creating a current path for the
sortie de la cellule à combustible. output of the fuel cell.
La présente invention sera décrite plus en détail à l'aide des dessins annexés, dans lesquels: The present invention will be described in more detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:
la figure 1 est un schéma-bloc d'un poste de - FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a position of -
puissance à cellule à combustible, classique. conventional fuel cell power.
la figure 2 représente les courbes caractéristi- FIG. 2 represents the characteristic curves
ques tension/intensité d'une cellule à combustible classi- voltage / intensity of a conventional fuel cell
que. la figure 3 est un schéma d'un système de cellule than. Figure 3 is a diagram of a cell system
à combustible.fuel.
Selon la figure 1, schématiquement un poste d'alimen- According to Figure 1, schematically a power station
tation à cellules à combustible 20, caractéristique, com- fuel cell 20, characteristic, com-
porte des modules de cellule à combustible 22 branchés en parallèle sur une ligne de tension continue 24 La ligne 24 est reliée à un convertisseur courant continu/ courant alternatif qui peut être un inverseur 26 comme cela est connu L'inverseur 26 est lui-même relié à un transformateur 28 qui fournit le courant alternatif à door of the fuel cell modules 22 connected in parallel on a DC voltage line 24 The line 24 is connected to a DC / AC converter which can be an inverter 26 as is known The inverter 26 is itself connected to a transformer 28 which supplies the alternating current to
un ensemble de câbles 30 triphasés, de haute tension. a set of three-phase cables, high voltage.
Un module 22 de cellule à combustible, distinct A separate fuel cell module 22
peut de façon caractéristique fournir en sortie 350 ampè- can typically output 350 amps
res sous une tension continue de 1100 volts Comme repré- under a continuous voltage of 1100 volts.
senté à la figure 1, il y a deux ensembles 32, 34 de dix modules à cellule à combustible 22, un coté étant relié à la masse commune 36 pour chaque ensemble 32, 34 Cela donne une tension continue de 2200 volts pour l'inverseur 26 avec une capacité correspondant à une intensité de 1, there are two sets 32, 34 of ten fuel cell modules 22, one side being connected to the common ground 36 for each set 32, 34 This gives a dc voltage of 2200 volts for the inverter 26 with a capacity corresponding to an intensity of
3500 ampères.3500 amperes.
La figure 2 montre un ensemble de courbes caracté- Figure 2 shows a set of characteristic curves
ristiques tension (E) /intensité (I) pour une cellule à combustible caractéristique Chacune des courbes A, 0, C, D et E représente la relation tension/intensité pour une voltage (E) / intensity (I) for a characteristic fuel cell Each of the curves A, 0, C, D and E represents the voltage / intensity relationship for a
combinaison particulière de caractéristiques de combusti- particular combination of fuel characteristics
ble et d'oxydant La forme caractéristique de chacune des The characteristic form of each of the
courbes peut varier suivant que le combustible et l'oxy- curves may vary depending on whether the fuel and oxy-
dant sont fournis à la cellule à combustible sous des pressions, des températures et des quantités différentes en général, la courbe monte de la droite vers la gauche are supplied to the fuel cell under different pressures, temperatures and quantities in general, the curve rises from right to left
à partir d'un point d'ordonnée zéro. from a point of zero ordinate.
Il est intéressant de remarquer les points particu- It is interesting to note the specific points
liers suivants: Aucune des tensions de charge n'est élevée, de façon caractéristique de 60 à 70 pourcent de plus que la following: None of the load voltages are high, typically 60 to 70 percent more than the
2535117.2535117.
tension de fonctionnement normale.normal operating voltage.
L'intensité de sortie atteint une limite de façon caractéristique 60-80 pourcent de plus que le courant The output intensity typically reaches a limit of 60-80 percent more than the current
de fonctionnement normal.normal operation.
Lorsque le débit de gaz (air et combustible) est réduit et que la quantité de gaz laissée dans une When the flow of gas (air and fuel) is reduced and the amount of gas left in a
cellule diminue, la tension et l'intensité diminue- cell decreases, voltage and intensity decrease-
ront. * Une diminution du rapport combustible/air a le même inclusion. * A decrease in the fuel / air ratio has the same
effet que la diminution des deux portionnellement. effect that the decrease of both porately.
Lorsque la température et la pression dans la cellule diminuent, le signal de sortie fourni par la cellule diminue. La figure 2 montre la plage de fonctionnement F dans laquelle la cellule à combustible est légèrement As the temperature and pressure in the cell decrease, the output signal provided by the cell decreases. Figure 2 shows the operating range F in which the fuel cell is slightly
chargée et sa tension de sortie est relativement élevée. charged and its output voltage is relatively high.
Le fonctionnement soutenu dans de telles conditions en- The sustained operation under such conditions
dommage la cellule à combustible et doit pour cela être évité. damage the fuel cell and must be avoided.
Dans des conditions transitoires telles qu'un court- In transient conditions such as short-term
circuit sur la sortie, des courants très élevés ( 15 à 20 fois ceux correspondant à la charge maximale) peuvent se circuit on the output, very high currents (15 to 20 times those corresponding to the maximum load) can
produire pendant quelques millisecondes. produce for a few milliseconds.
Selon la figure 3, on voit qu'un module de cellule 22 est branché entre une ligne de tension continue 24 et la masse 36 De même, il y a une diode de blocage 38 et un commutateur de coupure 40 branchés en série avec le According to FIG. 3, it can be seen that a cell module 22 is connected between a DC voltage line 24 and the mass 36. Similarly, there is a blocking diode 38 and a cut-off switch 40 connected in series with the
module 22 de la cellule à combustible sur la ligne de ten- module 22 of the fuel cell on the line of
sion continue 24 ainsi qu'un thyristor 42 et une charge résistive 44 en série, l'ensemble étant en parallèle sur le module à cellule à combustible 22 Le thyristor 42 est commandé par un moyen 46 détectant la tension et générant un signal comme cela est bien connu Ce moyen 46 détectant la tension et générant un signal peut également donner 24 and a thyristor 42 and a resistive load 44 in series, the assembly being in parallel on the fuel cell module 22 The thyristor 42 is controlled by a means 46 detecting the voltage and generating a signal as is well known This means 46 detecting the voltage and generating a signal can also give
un signal au moyen de coupure 48 de la cellule à combus- a signal by means of cutoff 48 of the fuel cell
2535117.2535117.
tible pour interrompre l'alimentation en combustible ou en oxydant ou les deux pour le module 22 de la cellule à combustible. Pour un module de cellule à combustible 22 dont les caractéristiques sont de 350 ampères pour 1100 V de ten- sion continue, les composants représentés à la figure 3 sont choisis de façon caractéristique comme suit: 1) diode 38: 700 ampères sous une tension continue de 2000 volts; 2) thyristor 42: 70 ampères sous une tension continue de 2000 volts; 3) disjoncteur 40: 350 ampères en continu; tension d'attente 2000 volts en continu; 4) Charge résistive 44: 16 ohms ou environ 1,0 kilowatt de charge pour un temps de coupure de cellule de 10 It is possible to interrupt the supply of fuel or oxidant or both for the module 22 of the fuel cell. For a fuel cell module 22 whose characteristics are 350 amperes for 1100 V DC, the components shown in FIG. 3 are typically selected as follows: 1) diode 38: 700 amps at a DC voltage 2000 volts; 2) thyristor 42: 70 amps at a continuous voltage of 2000 volts; 3) circuit breaker 40: 350 amperes continuously; waiting voltage 2000 volts continuously; 4) Resistive load 44: 16 ohms or about 1.0 kilowatt load for a cell cutoff time of 10
minutes à partir de l'arrêt d'alimentation en combus- minutes from the fuel supply stop
tible. Le fonctionnement est le suivant: si la tension du module 22 de la cellule à combustible est inférieure à celle entre la ligne de tension continue 24 et la masse 36, la diode de blocage 38 évite que le module 22 de la cellule à combustible ne soit soumis au passage d'un courant inverse Comme il n'y a pas de passage de courant, le commutateur de coupure 40 peut être ouvert ou fermé sans qu'il ne se produise un arc Cela permet de mettre chaque module de cellule de combustible 22 en place ou tible. The operation is as follows: if the voltage of the module 22 of the fuel cell is lower than that between the DC voltage line 24 and the ground 36, the blocking diode 38 prevents the module 22 of the fuel cell from being subjected to the passage of a reverse current Since there is no current flow, the cut-off switch 40 can be opened or closed without an arc occurring. This makes it possible to put each fuel cell module 22 in place or
de le mettre hors service sans couper la ligne d'alimen- to put it out of service without cutting the power line
tation 24 en tension continue Cet état de basse tension peut se réaliser intentionnellement en réduisant le débit de combustible et/ou l'oxydant alimentant le module 22 de la cellule à combustible ou encore accidentellement dans le cas d'un incident dans le module 22 lui-même, ce This low voltage state can be intentionally achieved by reducing the fuel flow rate and / or the oxidant supplying the fuel cell module 22 or accidentally in the event of an incident in the module 22. -Even
qui peut se traduire par un état de basse tension. which can result in a low voltage state.
Si la tension du module 22 de la cellule à combusti- If the voltage of the module 22 of the fuel cell
ble dépassait les limites acceptables, par exemple en cas beyond the acceptable limits, for example in the case of
2535117.2535117.
disparition de la charge, le module 22 de la cellule à disappearance of the load, the module 22 of the cell to
combustible donne une tension de sortie qui tend à aug- fuel gives an output voltage which tends to increase
menter à la valeur correspondant à l'ouverture du circuit pour le point particulier (voir figure 2) Cela diminue l'intensité, crée une haute tension et ne peut être évitée que par la coupure des gaz combustibles et de l'oxydant vers le module 22; le combustible qui se trouve déjà to the value corresponding to the opening of the circuit for the particular point (see figure 2) This decreases the intensity, creates a high voltage and can be avoided only by the cutting of the combustible gases and the oxidant towards the module 22; the fuel that is already
dans le module 22 doit être utilisé ou être évacué instan- module 22 must be used or evacuated immediately.
tanément de manière différente En variante, on peut uti- differently In a variant, it is possible to use
liser un commutateur électronique à grande vitesse tel qu'un thyristor 42 pour brancher une charge résistive 44 use a high speed electronic switch such as a thyristor 42 to connect a resistive load 44
sur le module pour créer une charge suffisante pour main- on the module to create a sufficient load for
tenir la tension à un niveau bas, acceptable jusqu'à ce que le combustible soit éliminé du module 22 A la figure 3, cette tension est détectée par le-moyen 46 qui détecte la tension et génère un signal commandant le thyristor-42 pour le rendre conducteur Cela permet au module 22 de générer du courant et de revenir sur la courbe (figure 2) au point de fonctionnement en sécurité En même temps, le moyen de coupure 48 de la cellule à combustible qui peut être constitué par des vannes commandées par des keep the voltage at a low level, acceptable until the fuel is removed from the module 22 In Figure 3, this voltage is detected by the means 46 which detects the voltage and generates a signal controlling thyristor-42 for the This makes it possible for the module 22 to generate current and to return to the curve (FIG. 2) at the operating point in safety. At the same time, the cutoff means 48 of the fuel cell which can be constituted by valves controlled by of the
bobines reioit un signal du module 46 détectant la ten- coils receives a signal from the module 46 detecting the
sion et générant un signal, pour arrêter le débit de com- and generating a signal, to stop the flow of
Lustible et d'oxydant alimentant le module 22 et mettant Lustible and Oxidant Feeding Module 22 and Putting
au repos ce module 22.at rest this module 22.
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1 NVU 3 N 39 13 NOISN 31 VI INV 133130 N 3 ÀOW 1 NVU 3 N 39 13 NOISN 31 VI INV 133130 N 3 AOW
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8 N 35 U 3 ANI8 N 35 U 3 ANI
9 i, T sz 9 z c zz 319 iisnswoi V 3 inl 13 D V 3 incow 3 Un 5 l A3 DN 383338 3 GN 3931 : 53 un Di A Xn V 533 SIlIin sinûm WON 533 N 3833 U 1 i L k SúSZ 9 i, T sz 9 z c zz 319 iisnswoi V 3 inl 13 D V 3 incow 3 A 5 l A3 DN 383338 3 GN 3931: 53 a Di A Xn V 533 SIlIin sinûm WON 533 N 3833 U 1 i L k SúSZ
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43580882A | 1982-10-21 | 1982-10-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2535117A1 true FR2535117A1 (en) | 1984-04-27 |
Family
ID=23729893
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8310087A Withdrawn FR2535117A1 (en) | 1982-10-21 | 1983-06-17 | FUEL CELL PROTECTION CIRCUIT |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5975570A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3321421A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2535117A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2129237B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0664571A1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-26 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | A fuel cell generation apparatus and a method for starting the same |
| EP1659827A2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microwave oven for vehicle |
| FR2898219A1 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Fuel cell for use as e.g. power source of motor vehicle, has unit cell stacks mounted on cylinder head by positive and negative surfaces of stack, where stacks are connected to each other and to negative and positive usage terminals |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0215569A (en) * | 1988-07-04 | 1990-01-19 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Grounding detection circuit of fuel cell |
| JP2782854B2 (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1998-08-06 | 富士電機株式会社 | Fuel cell protection device |
| DE19640808C1 (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 1997-11-27 | Siemens Ag | Operating Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell system with fuel-cell block and compressor e.g. for vehicle electric drive |
| US6096449A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-08-01 | Avista Labs | Fuel cell and method for controlling same |
| US6387556B1 (en) | 1997-11-20 | 2002-05-14 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Fuel cell power systems and methods of controlling a fuel cell power system |
| DE19827880C1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-23 | Dbb Full Cell Engines Gmbh | Circuit for composite fuel cell system |
| DE10006781A1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-03-14 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Fuel cell arrangement has protection switch closed on reaching operational readiness after starting cell, opened if critical operating states detected by sensors |
| US6835481B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2004-12-28 | Idatech, Llc | Fuel cell system with load management |
| US6428918B1 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2002-08-06 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Fuel cell power systems, direct current voltage converters, fuel cell power generation methods, power conditioning methods and direct current power conditioning methods |
| US6468682B1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2002-10-22 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Ion exchange membrane fuel cell |
| DE10059393A1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-20 | Siemens Ag | DC power supply device and method for switching off a fuel cell block |
| DE10132346B4 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2007-12-13 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Method for operating a fuel cell with terminal voltage limiting device |
| US6703722B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2004-03-09 | Avista Laboratories, Inc. | Reconfigurable plural DC power source power system responsive to changes in the load or the plural DC power sources |
| JP2009076259A (en) * | 2007-09-19 | 2009-04-09 | Sony Corp | Fuel cell system and voltage limiting method |
| AT505914B1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-05-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TURNING OFF A FUEL CELL |
| TW201128845A (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-16 | Chung Hsin Elec & Mach Mfg | Parallel fuel cell electrical power system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB342401A (en) * | 1928-11-12 | 1931-02-05 | Siemens Ag | Process for regulating the voltage over long lines for specially strong increases in voltage |
| GB377188A (en) * | 1931-01-16 | 1932-07-18 | Sigwart Ruppel | Improvements relating to apparatus for the protection of electric conductors againstexcess voltage |
| US3438814A (en) * | 1966-04-27 | 1969-04-15 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell unit equipped to consume excess gaseous reactant |
| US3487291A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1969-12-30 | Edward J Dowgiallo Jr | Constant power control of a power source |
| DE1907737A1 (en) * | 1969-02-15 | 1970-08-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for regulating a fuel cell unit |
| GB1239214A (en) * | 1967-07-12 | 1971-07-14 | ||
| GB1488216A (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1977-10-12 | Tekade Felten & Guilleaume | Devices for limiting the output voltage of constant-current regulating remote feed apparatuses |
| US4061955A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1977-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Multi-cell battery protection system |
| EP0052265B1 (en) * | 1980-11-19 | 1986-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Direct current power source |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB612228A (en) * | 1946-05-20 | 1948-11-10 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in or relating to protective arrangements for electric supply systems |
| GB1230206A (en) * | 1968-11-12 | 1971-04-28 | ||
| JPS50116927A (en) * | 1974-02-28 | 1975-09-12 | ||
| JPS5180939A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1976-07-15 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | |
| US4202933A (en) * | 1978-10-13 | 1980-05-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for reducing fuel cell output voltage to permit low power operation |
-
1983
- 1983-06-03 GB GB08315251A patent/GB2129237B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-06-14 DE DE19833321421 patent/DE3321421A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-17 FR FR8310087A patent/FR2535117A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-06-20 JP JP58110765A patent/JPS5975570A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB342401A (en) * | 1928-11-12 | 1931-02-05 | Siemens Ag | Process for regulating the voltage over long lines for specially strong increases in voltage |
| GB377188A (en) * | 1931-01-16 | 1932-07-18 | Sigwart Ruppel | Improvements relating to apparatus for the protection of electric conductors againstexcess voltage |
| US3438814A (en) * | 1966-04-27 | 1969-04-15 | Gen Electric | Fuel cell unit equipped to consume excess gaseous reactant |
| US3487291A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1969-12-30 | Edward J Dowgiallo Jr | Constant power control of a power source |
| GB1239214A (en) * | 1967-07-12 | 1971-07-14 | ||
| DE1907737A1 (en) * | 1969-02-15 | 1970-08-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for regulating a fuel cell unit |
| GB1488216A (en) * | 1974-05-10 | 1977-10-12 | Tekade Felten & Guilleaume | Devices for limiting the output voltage of constant-current regulating remote feed apparatuses |
| US4061955A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1977-12-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Multi-cell battery protection system |
| EP0052265B1 (en) * | 1980-11-19 | 1986-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Direct current power source |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0664571A1 (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-26 | Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. | A fuel cell generation apparatus and a method for starting the same |
| EP1659827A2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2006-05-24 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microwave oven for vehicle |
| EP1659827A3 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-08-29 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Microwave oven for vehicle |
| FR2898219A1 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-07 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Fuel cell for use as e.g. power source of motor vehicle, has unit cell stacks mounted on cylinder head by positive and negative surfaces of stack, where stacks are connected to each other and to negative and positive usage terminals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3321421A1 (en) | 1984-04-26 |
| GB2129237A (en) | 1984-05-10 |
| GB8315251D0 (en) | 1983-07-06 |
| GB2129237B (en) | 1986-06-25 |
| JPS5975570A (en) | 1984-04-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST | Notification of lapse |