EP2270829A1 - Controlling via a device for magnetic compensation of repulsion forces and contactor comprising such a device - Google Patents
Controlling via a device for magnetic compensation of repulsion forces and contactor comprising such a device Download PDFInfo
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- EP2270829A1 EP2270829A1 EP10354027A EP10354027A EP2270829A1 EP 2270829 A1 EP2270829 A1 EP 2270829A1 EP 10354027 A EP10354027 A EP 10354027A EP 10354027 A EP10354027 A EP 10354027A EP 2270829 A1 EP2270829 A1 EP 2270829A1
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- coil
- current
- contacts
- magnetic
- contact
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
- H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
- H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
- H01H77/101—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening with increasing of contact pressure by electrodynamic forces before opening
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
- H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of protection of contactors, including the establishment of devices for compensating the electrodynamic repulsion forces that tend to cause the inadvertent opening of the contacts generating their wear or welding.
- the invention relates to the optimization of such compensation devices so that the size and power consumption of the contactors are minimal while allowing them to properly perform their function in case of overloads due to short circuits.
- a contactor In a contactor, to ensure the passage of current, an equilibrium is established between a spring mechanism ensuring a pressure between the contacts and the repulsive force generated at the contacts by the passage of the current.
- a contactor is normally provided to withstand effective currents of the order of several times, for example twelve times, its rated current according to the controlled load; beyond that, the repulsive forces predominate and can overcome the action of the pressure spring, so that the contacts will separate to close as soon as the current decreases. But shocks between contacts create a risk of welding, or at least excessive wear.
- a contactor is therefore conventionally associated with a cut-off or limitation device which avoids the passage of an excessive current in the event of a short-circuit or a significant overload, so that the contactor does not in principle have the time to undergo a pity.
- a compensation device also called magnetic U or "iron hand” comprises two magnetic parts forming between them a variable air gap and surrounding the movable contact, so as to form an electromagnet.
- the magnetic compensator can be fixedly positioned relative to the contactor housing, in which case it can interfere with the reopening of the contacts and degrade the performance of the contactor during the break; preferably, one of the two U-shaped parts is connected to the support mechanism of the movable contacts.
- the magnetic compensator is dimensioned to not contribute significantly to the contact pressure in nominal current operation; when an overload develops significant repulsive forces, the compensator effectively strengthens the contact pressure, thus maintaining their closed position.
- the magnetic U acts directly on the moving part of the electromagnet and, in the case of significant compensation forces, it can pull out this mobile part, in particular for an electromagnet powered by alternating current. To counteract this effect, an increase in the contactor maintenance current would be necessary, but at the expense of its size and its power consumption.
- the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing magnetic compensators by optimizing their operation.
- the invention relates to a control of the holding current (current in the closed position) of the electromagnet, so as to keep a minimum value in normal operation and to increase it only when the contact force must be complemented by the magnetic U. Because of this dissociation, the effort generated by the repulsion does not lead to a pullout of the actuator, and the power consumption remains minimal in normal operation, without oversizing of the actuator.
- the invention relates to a contactor provided with a magnetic compensation device and enslaved.
- the contactor preferably comprises at least one movable bridge of two contacts, and an electromagnetic actuator formed of a coil and a movable part integral with a contact carrier device coupled to the contact bridge to drive it.
- the compensation device which is also an object of the invention, comprises two magnetic parts movable relative to each other, preferably a U-shaped part and a substantially flat part closing the recess of the U, but retaining between them a non-zero air gap.
- a support conductor of the movable contact of the contactor so as to form an electromagnet; the support is operatively coupled to one of the magnetic parts so that a decrease in the air gap exerts a force towards the closure of the contacts.
- the actuator coil of the contactor is provided with controllable supply means.
- the coil may comprise a plurality of windings
- the power supply means comprise switch means, such as transistors, for disconnecting one of the windings, so as to modify the field created by the coil and therefore the force generated by the electromagnet in the magnetic parts according to the control of the switch means.
- the coil of the magnetic compensator comprises electronic power supply means, and a control of said means makes it possible to modify the current flowing in the coil, for example via the frequency of a modulated signal, in particular in modulation of voltage.
- the power supply means of the coil allow its servocontrol, and thus the servocontrol of the force of the actuator as a function of the action developed by the compensator; they are associated with means for measuring a magnitude representative of the current flowing in the two magnetic parts of the compensator, that is to say between the contacts of the contactor, and means for comparing this magnitude representative at a threshold of way to control the feeding means.
- the measuring means can be of different natures, and for example allow a direct measurement of the current flowing between the poles, or the measurement of a parameter dependent on the current.
- the measuring means comprise means for measuring the magnetic flux within the magnetic parts of the compensator.
- the figure 1 schematically represents the opening and closing mechanism of a unipolar contactor 10.
- Two conductors 12 each carry a fixed contact 14 which cooperates with a movable contact 16 between an open position and a closed position; the two movable contacts 16 are interconnected via a bridge 18, and are actuated by an electromagnetic device 20 comprising a coil 22 associated with a contact holder device 24 integral with the support 18 of the movable contacts 16.
- a pole spring 26, housed inside the contact holder 24 generates a force between the contacts 14, 16 to keep them closed; it determines the contact pressure F P.
- the contact carrier 24 also supports a magnetic compensator 30 comprising a first magnetic piece 32 integral, by coupling or simple support, the contact bridge 18, and a second magnetic part 34 U, the two parts being arranged to form an orifice through which the contact bridge 18 is located.
- the magnetic compensator 30 thus forms an electromagnet 18, 32, 34 when the contacts 14, 16 are closed; its components are arranged and dimensioned so that a non-zero gap e remains between the two magnetic parts 32, 34 in the closed position of the contacts 14, 16, regardless of their degree of wear.
- the electromagnet 20 exerts a force F E on the contacts 14, 16.
- this effort F E is constant, depending on the current flowing in the coil 22 to keep the actuator 20 closed, called holding current.
- the electromagnet 20 undergoes a stress F resulting from the various previous forces, and in particular corresponding to the difference between the repulsion force F R and the pressure force F P + F C of the iron hand 30 and pole springs 26; the force F undergone by the actuator 20 is bell-shaped.
- the magnetic U 30 acts directly on the movable portion 18, 24 of the actuator 20 and, in case of great effort, the imposed stress F can cause its tearing exceeding the effort F E that can support the actuator 20 ( figure 2 ).
- the current within the coil 22 is usually kept to a minimum to reduce consumption while ensuring the closure of the contacts 14, 16. To avoid tearing, one of the solutions would be to increase the force F E of the actuator 20, increasing the current, or oversize the iron hand 30.
- the force F E it is proposed to modify the force F E to which the actuator 20 resists only when this is necessary.
- This threshold value I 0 is appropriate because a short-circuit current I of 100 kA reaches the trigger value I 0 approximately after 100 ⁇ s while the springs 26 keep the contactor closed about 200 ⁇ s and that, as illustrated in figure 2 , the maximum force F experienced by the actuator 20 is not yet reached. Other options are possible.
- the measurement is directly carried out by current sensors present in the contactor 10: in fact, certain contactors 10, in particular of high range, can use current measurements for the electronic magneto-thermal protection.
- the threshold detected relates to the force exerted by the current I on the components of the contactor 10, and in particular on the second magnetic part 34, provided for this purpose with a suitable sensor; for example, a strain gauge is inserted between the magnetic compensator 30 and the electromagnet 20, and a processing electronics allows, from this measurement, to determine the triggering threshold of the current control in the coil 22.
- the magnitude representative of the current is determined directly on the magnetic compensator 30.
- an exploratory winding 40 of the flow ⁇ is put in place around the second U-shaped part 34.
- the current I passing in the current line 12, 18 creates a flow ⁇ in the compensator 30; this is measured by the winding 40 which transmits a representative value to the processing means 42, for example comparison means by an array of values.
- the processing means 42 can thus associate a threshold of 2 V with the induced voltage to trigger the servocontrol of the coil 22.
- the processing means 42 associated with the measuring means 40 make it possible to rapidly detect the exceeding of a threshold I 0 by the feed current I, in particular by exceeding a characteristic quantity (U, effort ).
- Means 44 then receive the signal corresponding to the overshoot, and transmit this information to the supply of the coil 22 to enslave it.
- the control means 44 are adapted to react quickly, so that the force F E of the actuator 20 is greater than the force F it undergoes.
- the peak force F experienced by the actuator 20 appears at about 0.35 ms: according to the invention, it is preferred that the change in the speed of the coil 22 takes place before, and preferably in the 200 ⁇ s following the exceeding of the threshold I 0 (or its equivalent on the quantity U, ⁇ , ... measured).
- the actuating coil 22 is in fact a system with at least two windings 22A, 22B put in series, the first holding winding 22A having a much higher resistance to the second winding 22B of call; for example, the winding 22A comprises 2400 turns for a resistance of 100 ⁇ , and the winding 22B comprises 200 turns for a resistance of 1.1 ⁇ .
- the holding winding 22A is predominant, and provides the current in the coil 22.
- the servo means 44 send a signal on the interruption means 46 so as to disconnect the holding winding 22A of the assembly: the Call Winding 22B takes over and generates a superior power supply.
- the interruption means 46 is of the transistor type: as soon as the servocontrol means 44 receive processing means 42 the signal indicating an overload, the transistor 46 is called upon to opening for a fast increase, in less than 100 ⁇ s for a voltage front U 22 ( Figure 4B ).
- the coil 22 is electronically powered, via a pulse modulated type signal, or PWM (for "Pulse Wave Modulation ").
- PWM Pulse Wave Modulation
- the supply of the coil 22 is carried out directly from a control device 48 ( figure 3 ) creating pulses of predetermined width T for the control voltage.
- the pulse signal has a first frequency f 1 , for example 1% of the fixed frequency f, making it possible to obtain a holding current current I 1 in the coil 22, the said average current I 1 corresponding to the average of the current which decreases between two pulses.
- the servocontrol of the coil 22 is preferably continued by a return to the minimum holding current as soon as the current I returns to a nominal value, that is to say that the current in the coil 22 is increased during the phases of transient current, or fault before tripping of line protection devices.
- the invention has been described with reference to a contact bridge contactor 18, it is not limited thereto: other elements may be concerned by the invention, in particular, inverters, relays or other devices. Similar. Preferably, the invention is used in a large contactor 10, in which the current sensor is integrated, the compensation device 30 and the servocontrol can then be put in place in an existing contactor. Moreover, other systems for controlling the current of the coil 22 may be provided, as well as other means for measuring a magnitude representative of the exceeding of a threshold I 0 by the feed current I.
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine de la protection des contacteurs, et notamment de la mise en place de dispositifs permettant de compenser les forces électrodynamiques de répulsion qui ont tendance à provoquer l'ouverture intempestive des contacts générant leur usure, voire leur soudure. L'invention se rapporte à l'optimisation de tels dispositifs de compensation pour que l'encombrement et la consommation électrique des contacteurs soient minimaux tout en permettant qu'ils assurent correctement leur fonction en cas de surcharges dues à des courts-circuits.The invention relates to the field of protection of contactors, including the establishment of devices for compensating the electrodynamic repulsion forces that tend to cause the inadvertent opening of the contacts generating their wear or welding. The invention relates to the optimization of such compensation devices so that the size and power consumption of the contactors are minimal while allowing them to properly perform their function in case of overloads due to short circuits.
Dans un contacteur, pour assurer le passage du courant, un équilibre est établi entre un mécanisme faisant ressort assurant une pression entre les contacts et la force de répulsion générée au niveau des contacts par le passage du courant. Un contacteur est normalement prévu pour supporter des courants efficaces de l'ordre de plusieurs fois, par exemple douze fois, son courant nominal selon la charge commandée ; au-delà, les forces de répulsion prédominent et peuvent surmonter l'action du ressort de pression, si bien que les contacts vont se séparer pour se refermer dès que le courant diminue. Or les chocs entre contacts créent un risque de soudure, ou tout au moins d'usure excessive. Un contacteur est donc classiquement associé à un dispositif de coupure ou de limitation qui évite le passage d'un courant excessif en cas de court-circuit ou de surcharge importante, de sorte que le contacteur n'a en principe pas le temps de subir un dommage.In a contactor, to ensure the passage of current, an equilibrium is established between a spring mechanism ensuring a pressure between the contacts and the repulsive force generated at the contacts by the passage of the current. A contactor is normally provided to withstand effective currents of the order of several times, for example twelve times, its rated current according to the controlled load; beyond that, the repulsive forces predominate and can overcome the action of the pressure spring, so that the contacts will separate to close as soon as the current decreases. But shocks between contacts create a risk of welding, or at least excessive wear. A contactor is therefore conventionally associated with a cut-off or limitation device which avoids the passage of an excessive current in the event of a short-circuit or a significant overload, so that the contactor does not in principle have the time to undergo a pity.
Cependant, si la surcharge correspond à des courants efficaces moins importants (par exemple de l'ordre de quinze fois le courant nominal), le dispositif limiteur n'agit pas, ou pas immédiatement. De fait, il existe une zone de courant de surcharge dans laquelle le seuil de répulsion des contacts est dépassé sans limitation du courant. Pour compenser l'effet des forces de répulsion électrodynamique pendant l'intervalle de temps séparant l'apposition de la surcharge et l'ouverture du circuit sans augmenter inconsidérément la taille des ressorts de pression, des compensateurs magnétiques ont été proposés, par exemple dans les documents
Le compensateur magnétique peut être positionné de façon fixe par rapport au boîtier du contacteur, auquel cas il peut gêner la réouverture des contacts et dégrader les performances du contacteur lors de la coupure ; de préférence, l'une des deux pièces en forme de U est donc reliée au mécanisme de support des contacts mobiles. Le compensateur magnétique est dimensionné pour ne pas contribuer d'une manière sensible à la pression de contact en fonctionnement à courant nominal ; lorsqu'une surcharge développe des forces de répulsion notables, le compensateur renforce efficacement la pression de contact, maintenant ainsi leur position fermée.The magnetic compensator can be fixedly positioned relative to the contactor housing, in which case it can interfere with the reopening of the contacts and degrade the performance of the contactor during the break; preferably, one of the two U-shaped parts is connected to the support mechanism of the movable contacts. The magnetic compensator is dimensioned to not contribute significantly to the contact pressure in nominal current operation; when an overload develops significant repulsive forces, the compensator effectively strengthens the contact pressure, thus maintaining their closed position.
Cependant, le U magnétique agit directement sur la partie mobile de l'électroaimant et, en cas de d'efforts de compensation importants, il peut arracher cette partie mobile, ce notamment pour un électroaimant alimenté en courant alternatif. Pour contrer cet effet, une augmentation du courant de maintien du contacteur serait nécessaire, mais au détriment de son encombrement et de sa consommation électrique.However, the magnetic U acts directly on the moving part of the electromagnet and, in the case of significant compensation forces, it can pull out this mobile part, in particular for an electromagnet powered by alternating current. To counteract this effect, an increase in the contactor maintenance current would be necessary, but at the expense of its size and its power consumption.
Parmi autres avantages, l'invention vise à pallier des inconvénients des compensateurs magnétiques existants en optimisant leur fonctionnement. En particulier, l'invention concerne une commande du courant de maintien (courant en position fermée) de l'électroaimant, de façon à lui conserver une valeur minimale en fonctionnement normal et à l'augmenter uniquement lorsque l'effort de contact doit être complémenté par le U magnétique. Du fait de cette dissociation, l'effort engendré par la répulsion n'entraîne pas un arrachement de l'actionneur, et la consommation électrique reste minimale en fonctionnement normal, sans sur-dimensionnement de l'actionneur.Among other advantages, the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of existing magnetic compensators by optimizing their operation. In particular, the invention relates to a control of the holding current (current in the closed position) of the electromagnet, so as to keep a minimum value in normal operation and to increase it only when the contact force must be complemented by the magnetic U. Because of this dissociation, the effort generated by the repulsion does not lead to a pullout of the actuator, and the power consumption remains minimal in normal operation, without oversizing of the actuator.
Sous un de ses aspects, l'invention concerne un contacteur muni d'un dispositif de compensation magnétique et asservi. Le contacteur comprend de préférence au moins un pont mobile de deux contacts, et un actionneur électromagnétique formé d'une bobine et d'une partie mobile solidaire d'un dispositif porte-contacts couplé au pont de contacts pour l'entraîner. Le dispositif de compensation, également objet de l'invention, comprend deux pièces magnétiques mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre, de préférence une pièce en U et une pièce sensiblement plane fermant l'évidement du U, mais conservant entre elles un entrefer non nul. Entre les deux pièces magnétiques se trouve un support conducteur du contact mobile du contacteur de façon à former un électroaimant ; le support est couplé fonctionnellement à l'une des pièces magnétiques de sorte qu'une diminution de l'entrefer exerce une force en direction de la fermeture des contacts.In one of its aspects, the invention relates to a contactor provided with a magnetic compensation device and enslaved. The contactor preferably comprises at least one movable bridge of two contacts, and an electromagnetic actuator formed of a coil and a movable part integral with a contact carrier device coupled to the contact bridge to drive it. The compensation device, which is also an object of the invention, comprises two magnetic parts movable relative to each other, preferably a U-shaped part and a substantially flat part closing the recess of the U, but retaining between them a non-zero air gap. Between the two magnetic parts is a support conductor of the movable contact of the contactor so as to form an electromagnet; the support is operatively coupled to one of the magnetic parts so that a decrease in the air gap exerts a force towards the closure of the contacts.
La bobine de l'actionneur du contacteur est munie de moyens d'alimentation pouvant être commandés. Selon une option, la bobine peut comprendre une pluralité d'enroulements, et les moyens d'alimentation comprennent des moyens interrupteurs, comme des transistors, permettant de déconnecter un des enroulements, de façon à modifier le champ créé par la bobine et donc la force générée par l'électroaimant dans les pièces magnétiques en fonction de la commande des moyens interrupteurs. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la bobine du compensateur magnétique comprend des moyens d'alimentation électroniques, et une commande desdits moyens permet de modifier le courant circulant dans la bobine, par exemple via la fréquence d'un signal modulé, notamment en modulation de tension.The actuator coil of the contactor is provided with controllable supply means. According to one option, the coil may comprise a plurality of windings, and the power supply means comprise switch means, such as transistors, for disconnecting one of the windings, so as to modify the field created by the coil and therefore the force generated by the electromagnet in the magnetic parts according to the control of the switch means. According to another embodiment, the coil of the magnetic compensator comprises electronic power supply means, and a control of said means makes it possible to modify the current flowing in the coil, for example via the frequency of a modulated signal, in particular in modulation of voltage.
Les moyens d'alimentation de la bobine permettent son asservissement, et donc l'asservissement de la force de l'actionneur en fonction de l'action développée par le compensateur ; ils sont associés à des moyens permettant de mesurer une grandeur représentative du courant circulant au sein des deux pièces magnétiques du compensateur, c'est-à-dire entre les contacts du contacteur, et des moyens de comparaison de cette grandeur représentative à un seuil de façon à commander les moyens d'alimentation. Les moyens de mesure peuvent être de différentes natures, et par exemple permettre une mesure directe du courant circulant entre les pôles, ou la mesure d'un paramètre dépendant du courant. En particulier, les moyens de mesure comprennent des moyens de mesure du flux magnétique au sein des pièces magnétiques du compensateur.The power supply means of the coil allow its servocontrol, and thus the servocontrol of the force of the actuator as a function of the action developed by the compensator; they are associated with means for measuring a magnitude representative of the current flowing in the two magnetic parts of the compensator, that is to say between the contacts of the contactor, and means for comparing this magnitude representative at a threshold of way to control the feeding means. The measuring means can be of different natures, and for example allow a direct measurement of the current flowing between the poles, or the measurement of a parameter dependent on the current. In particular, the measuring means comprise means for measuring the magnetic flux within the magnetic parts of the compensator.
Plus généralement, l'invention est relative à un appareil électrique comprenant :
- au moins une paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre ;
- un actionneur électromagnétique des contacts comprenant une bobine formant un électroaimant avec un support conducteur d'un contact mobile ;
- un dispositif de compensation magnétique de la répulsion de contacts comprenant une première pièce magnétique couplée fonctionnellement au support de contact mobile et une deuxième pièce magnétique définissant entre elles un entrefer variable non nul et un passage dans lequel est positionné ledit support de contact mobile de façon à former un électroaimant ;
- at least one pair of movable contacts relative to each other;
- an electromagnetic contact actuator comprising a coil forming an electromagnet with a conductive support of a movable contact;
- a contact repeater magnetic compensation device comprising a first magnetic part operatively coupled to the movable contact support and a second magnetic part defining between them a non-zero variable gap and a passage in which said movable contact support is positioned so as to form an electromagnet;
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs, représentés dans les figures annexées.
- La
figure 1 représente le mécanisme d'un contacteur muni d'un dispositif de compensation qui peut être associé à un asservissement selon l'invention. - La
figure 2 montre les efforts exercés au cours du temps dans un contacteur avec compensateur magnétique selon l'art antérieur en présence d'un court-circuit. - La
figure 3 illustre l'utilisation d'un compensateur selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. - Les
figures 4A et 4B montrent le schéma d'asservissement d'une bobine selon un mode de réalisation d'un contacteur selon l'invention. - La
figure 5 représente un asservissement pour un autre mode de réalisation d'un contacteur selon l'invention.
- The
figure 1 represents the mechanism of a contactor provided with a compensation device which can be associated with a servocontrol according to the invention. - The
figure 2 shows the forces exerted over time in a contactor with magnetic compensator according to the prior art in the presence of a short circuit. - The
figure 3 illustrates the use of a compensator according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. - The
Figures 4A and 4B show the control scheme of a coil according to an embodiment of a contactor according to the invention. - The
figure 5 represents a servocontrol for another embodiment of a contactor according to the invention.
La
Le porte-contact 24 supporte par ailleurs un compensateur magnétique 30 comprenant une première pièce magnétique 32 solidaire, par couplage ou simple appui, du pont de contact 18, et une deuxième pièce magnétique 34 en U, les deux pièces étant agencées pour former un orifice traversant dans lequel se trouve le pont de contact 18. Le compensateur magnétique 30 forme ainsi un électroaimant 18, 32, 34 lorsque les contacts 14, 16 sont fermés ; ses composants sont agencés et dimensionnés de sorte qu'un entrefer e non nul subsiste entre les deux pièces magnétiques 32, 34 en position fermée des contacts 14, 16, quel que soit leur degré d'usure.The
Lorsqu'un courant I circule dans les conducteurs 12, une force de répulsion FR est générée au niveau des contacts 14, 16, les sollicitant en ouverture ; cette force FR est d'autant plus forte que les conducteurs 12 sont en J et donc que le courant circule en sens inverse dans les deux branches au niveau du contact 14, 16. Par ailleurs, un flux magnétique Φ est créé au sein du compensateur 30, dans le circuit magnétique formé par les deux pièces magnétiques 32, 34 ; le flux traverse l'entrefer e et, en conséquence, génère une force de compensation FC entre le pont 18 et la deuxième pièce en U 34 qui s'ajoute à la force FP du ressort 26.When a current I flows in the
Comme illustré en
L'électroaimant 20 exerce quant à lui une force FE sur les contacts 14, 16. Classiquement, cet effort FE est constant, dépendant du courant circulant dans la bobine 22 pour maintenir l'actionneur 20 fermé, appelé courant de maintien. Au vu de la configuration du compensateur 30, l'électroaimant 20 subit une contrainte F résultant des différentes forces précédentes, et notamment correspondant à la différence entre l'effort de répulsion FR et l'effort de pression FP + FC de la main de fer 30 et des ressorts de pôle 26 ; la force F subie par l'actionneur 20 est en forme de « cloche ». Or, le U magnétique 30 agit directement sur la partie mobile 18, 24 de l'actionneur 20 et, en cas de gros effort, la contrainte imposée F peut entraîner son arrachement en dépassant l'effort FE que peut soutenir l'actionneur 20 (
Selon l'invention, il est proposé de modifier l'effort FE auquel résiste l'actionneur 20 uniquement lorsque ceci s'avère nécessaire. En particulier, il est proposé d'utiliser une bobine 22 dite électronique, et d'asservir son alimentation en fonction du courant I circulant dans les conducteurs 12 : si le courant I dépasse le courant nominal d'un certain seuil, l'alimentation de la bobine 22 est augmentée de sorte que la force FE de l'actionneur 20 dépasse la contrainte résultante F. Il est ainsi possible d'éviter l'arrachement, et de ne pas sur-dimensionner la main de fer 30.According to the invention, it is proposed to modify the force F E to which the
En particulier, le seuil I0 choisi peut correspondre à la moitié du courant de crête maximum tenu par le contacteur 10, ce qui permet d'anticiper l'augmentation du courant dans la bobine 22 de l'actionneur 20 : par exemple, si le contacteur 10 est adapté pour des courants nominaux de 400 A, c'est-à-dire que les ressorts de pôle 26 sont adaptés pour que les contacts 14, 16 de puissance ne s'ouvrent pas pour des valeurs crêtes de 8000 A toutes les millisecondes bien que le courant I soit considéré en défaut dès 15 × 400 = 6000 A, dès que le courant I atteint I0 = 4000 A, un signal indique que le courant de maintien de la bobine 22 doit être augmenté. Cette valeur de seuil I0 est appropriée car un courant de court-circuit I de 100 kA atteint la valeur de déclenchement I0 environ au bout de 100 µs alors que les ressorts 26 maintiennent le contacteur fermé environ 200 µs et que, tel qu'illustré en
Pour asservir la bobine 22, des moyens sont mis en oeuvre pour détecter que le courant I dépasse le seuil I0, ou qu'une grandeur dépendant directement du courant dépasse un seuil. Selon un mode de réalisation, la mesure est directement réalisée par des capteurs de courant présents dans le contacteur 10 : de fait, certains contacteurs 10, notamment de gamme élevée, peuvent utiliser des mesures de courant pour la protection magnéto-thermique électronique. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le seuil détecté concerne l'effort exercé par le courant I sur les composants du contacteur 10, et notamment sur la deuxième pièce magnétique 34, dotée à cette fin d'un capteur approprié ; par exemple, une jauge de contrainte est insérée entre le compensateur magnétique 30 et l'électroaimant 20, et une électronique de traitement permet, à partir de cette mesure, de déterminer le seuil de déclenchement de l'asservissement du courant dans la bobine 22.In order to control the
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, pour plus de précision et de sensibilité, la grandeur représentative du courant est déterminée directement sur le compensateur magnétique 30. En particulier, tel qu'illustré en
Les moyens de traitement 42 associés aux moyens de mesure 40 permettent de détecter rapidement le dépassement d'un seuil I0 par le courant d'alimentation I, notamment par dépassement d'une grandeur caractéristique (U, effort...). Des moyens 44 reçoivent alors le signal correspondant au dépassement, et transmettent cette information à l'alimentation de la bobine 22 pour l'asservir. Comme le compensateur 30 est fermé lors de la modification de l'alimentation de la bobine 22, il n'y a pas de latence entre cette modification et l'augmentation de la force FE exercée par l'actionneur 20 ; par ailleurs, les moyens d'asservissement 44 sont adaptés pour réagir rapidement, de façon à ce que la force FE de l'actionneur 20 soit supérieure à l'effort F qu'il subit. Dans le mode de réalisation préféré précédent, la crête d'effort F subie par l'actionneur 20 apparaît à environ 0,35 ms : selon l'invention, il est préféré que la modification du régime de la bobine 22 ait lieu auparavant, et de préférence dans les 200 µs suivant le dépassement du seuil I0 (ou son équivalent sur la grandeur U, Φ,... mesurée).The processing means 42 associated with the measuring means 40 make it possible to rapidly detect the exceeding of a threshold I 0 by the feed current I, in particular by exceeding a characteristic quantity (U, effort ...). Means 44 then receive the signal corresponding to the overshoot, and transmit this information to the supply of the
Selon une première variante illustrée en
Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la bobine 22 est alimentée de façon électronique, par l'intermédiaire d'un signal de type modulé en impulsion, ou PWM (pour « Pulse Wave Modulation »). En particulier, l'alimentation de la bobine 22 est réalisée directement depuis un dispositif de contrôle commande 48 (
L'asservissement de la bobine 22 se poursuit de préférence par un retour au courant de maintien minimal dès que le courant I revient à une valeur nominale, c'est-à-dire que le courant dans la bobine 22 est augmenté pendant les phases de courant transitoire, ou de défaut avant déclenchement des appareils de protection de ligne.The servocontrol of the
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à un contacteur 10 à pont de contacts 18, elle ne s'y limite pas : d'autres éléments peuvent être concernés par l'invention, en particulier, les inverseurs, relais ou autres dispositifs similaires. De préférence, l'invention est utilisée dans un contacteur 10 de gros calibre, dans lequel le capteur de courant est intégré, le dispositif de compensation 30 et l'asservissement pouvant alors être mis en place dans un contacteur existant. Par ailleurs, d'autres systèmes d'asservissement du courant de la bobine 22 peuvent être prévus, tout comme d'autres moyens de mesure d'une grandeur représentative du dépassement d'un seuil I0 par le courant d'alimentation I. Il est également possible de tolérer une ouverture partielle de l'actionneur 20 et donc une action un peu moins rapide dans le processus « mesure de la grandeur / détermination du dépassement de seuil et déclenchement de l'asservissement / asservissement / action réelle sur l'actionneur 20 » : en effet, entre le début d'ouverture de l'actionneur 20 et l'ouverture des contacts 14, 16 s'écoule un temps de latence correspondant à l'écrasement des ressorts de pôle 26 (distance de l'ordre de 4 mm dans le cas précédent).Although the invention has been described with reference to a
Claims (9)
caractérisé par des moyens (40) de mesure d'une grandeur représentative du courant (I) circulant entre les contacts (14, 16), des moyens (42) de traitement de la grandeur représentative du courant (I) circulant entre les contacts (14, 16) pour la comparer à un seuil (I0), des moyens (44) pour commander les moyens d'alimentation (46, 48) de la bobine (22) en fonction du résultat des moyens de traitement (42) de façon au augmenter le courant alimentant dans la bobine (22) lorsque le courant (I) circulant entre les contacts (14, 16) dépasse le seuil (I0).Magnetic compensation device (30) for the repulsion of contacts (14, 16) of an electrical apparatus (10) provided with an electromagnetic actuator (20) of the contacts (14, 16) comprising a coil (22) having the means power supply (46, 48) are controllable, said device (30) comprising a first magnetic part (32) operably coupled to a movable contact conductive support (18) and a second magnetic part ( 34) defining between them a non-zero variable gap and a passage in which said movable contact support (18) is positioned to form an electromagnet;
characterized by means (40) for measuring a magnitude representative of the current (I) flowing between the contacts (14, 16), means (42) for processing the magnitude representative of the current (I) flowing between the contacts ( 14, 16) for comparing it with a threshold (I 0 ), means (44) for controlling the supply means (46, 48) of the coil (22) according to the result of the processing means (42) of to increase the current supplied to the coil (22) when the current (I) flowing between the contacts (14, 16) exceeds the threshold (I 0 ).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0903217A FR2947667A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2009-07-01 | ASSISTANCE THROUGH MAGNETIC COMPENSATION DEVICE FOR REPULSION FORCES AND CONTACTOR COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2270829A1 true EP2270829A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP2270829B1 EP2270829B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
Family
ID=41571548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10354027.4A Not-in-force EP2270829B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-06-01 | Controlling via a device for magnetic compensation of repulsion forces and contactor comprising such a device |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2270829B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101944442B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2947667A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014207111A1 (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Electrical contactor and method for controlling such a contactor |
FR3117664A1 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) | Device for electromechanical switching of an electrical power circuit |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2979474B1 (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-09-27 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | POWER CONTACTING DEVICE WITH ELECTRODYNAMIC COMPENSATION |
KR20180094247A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-23 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Camera module having lens barrells |
FR3100376B1 (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-09-10 | Alstom Transp Tech | Electrical switching device and vehicle comprising such a device |
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- 2009-07-01 FR FR0903217A patent/FR2947667A1/en active Pending
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- 2010-06-01 EP EP10354027.4A patent/EP2270829B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-07-01 CN CN201010221003.XA patent/CN101944442B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US3887888A (en) | 1973-04-04 | 1975-06-03 | Arrow Hart Inc | High current switch |
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FR2559307A1 (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1985-08-09 | Telemecanique Electrique | CONTACT EQUIPPED WITH A SELFIBERABLE MAGNETIC COMPENSATOR FROM A COMPENSATING FORCE THRESHOLD, AND CONTACTOR-CIRCUIT BREAKER USING SUCH CONTACT |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2014207111A1 (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Schneider Electric Industries Sas | Electrical contactor and method for controlling such a contactor |
FR3007888A1 (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-01-02 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | ELECTRICAL CONTACTOR AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING SUCH A CONTACTOR |
JP2016523437A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-08-08 | シュネーデル、エレクトリック、インダストリーズ、エスアーエスSchneider Electric Industries Sas | Electrical contactor and method for controlling such contactor |
FR3117664A1 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-17 | Airbus Operations (S.A.S.) | Device for electromechanical switching of an electrical power circuit |
EP4016570A1 (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-22 | Airbus Operations SAS | Electromechanical switching device for an electric power circuit |
US11784484B2 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2023-10-10 | Airbus Operations Sas | Electromechanical switching device of an electric power circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101944442B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
FR2947667A1 (en) | 2011-01-07 |
EP2270829B1 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
CN101944442A (en) | 2011-01-12 |
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