FR2521214A1 - IC engine cylinder head - has rotary core replacing valves between top and bottom halves - Google Patents

Abstract

The internal-combustion engine cylinder head has, in place of inlet and exhaust valves, a single rotary valve (1) held between two fixed half-heads (2,3) forming a spherical shell. The bottom half has a cylindrical opening at least two-thirds the cylinder diameter, together with rings (5) forming a seal between it and the valve. Inlet and exhaust ports (11,12) are formed on opposite sides of the valve, in the bottom and top (3) halves of the head, the latter half acting as a cap for the core and for its bearings (4). The cross-sectional areas of the inlet and exhaust ports can each be more than one-quarter of that of the cylinder.

Description

Cylinder head with distribution by rotary core for internal combustion engine.

 The present invention applies to the four-stroke internal combustion engine, with spark ignition or compression ignition, in-line cylinders, in V or'flat-twint liquid-cooled or similar.

 Its main object is to use, as a replacement for the already known cylinder heads, a cylinder head with distribution by rotary core without valve, not existing to date.

 The present invention allows the realization of a distribution: intake, compression, ignition, exhaust by means of a single movable element.

 It is given by way of example and for a better understanding of the invention a non-limiting embodiment referring to the drawings appended hereto fig l: Representation of the position of the rotary core (1) in the cylinder head (2) ( 3) at the start of admission opening.

fig 2: Representation of the position of the rotating core (1) in the cylinder head - (2) (3) at the start of compression.

fig 3: Representation of the position of the rotating core (1) in the cylinder head at the time of the detonation explosion.

fig 4: Representation of the position of the rotating core (1) in the cylinder head
(2) (3) at the start of exhaust opening.

 fig. 5: Right view of the empty cylinder head in section.

fig 6: Right view of the cylinder head and the rotating nucleus in section.

fig 7: Front view of the cylinder head and the rotating nucleus in section.

fig 8: Top view of the cylinder head and the rotating nucleus in section.

Plate 1 represents the different positions of the rotary core (1) as indicated on the nomenclature of Figures 1 to 4, and allows, by associating it with plates 2 and 3, to follow the description of this in
vention
The cylinder head with distribution by rotary core (1) consists of two half
fixed cylinder heads (2) (3) forming a spherical shell, intended to receive
a rotating core (1) in the form of a ball with two spans.

 The lower half cylinder head (2) has a cylindrical opening of at least two thirds of the diameter of the engine cylinder serving as a support.

It comprises two grooves (9) intended to receive the segment (s) shot and seal between the cylinder head and the rotating core (1), a housing for the spark plug or the injector, depending on the case of ignition.

 This lower half breech (2) also comprises a half oval light (11), this one being able moreover to have any other geometrical shape and more particularly square, rectangular-or oval, as it is the case in our realization. This half light (11) is intended for the intake pipe and, conversely, an identical half light (12) is intended to channel the exhaust gases.

 The upper half cylinder head (3) serves as a cap for the rotary core (1) and the bearings (4). It comprises a circular housing (8) at its central upper internal part, intended to receive a self-lubricating ring (6) intended to maintain an oil film on the entire surface of the rotating core (1) during his cycle.

 The upper half cylinder head (3) is also provided with lights identical to those of the lower half cylinder head (2).

 A hole (14) located in the central upper part, allows easy access to the rotating core (1). This orifice (14) can, in certain cases, allow each passage, the recovery by vacuum of the residual fuel in the notch.

 The movable part of the cylinder head is constituted by a rotating core (1) in the form of a ball, characterized by a heart-shaped recess (10) operated on about one third of its outer circumference.

 Two cylindrical grooves (13), bearing sides are intended to receive the rings (7) for retaining oil.

 The rotation of the mobile part is one revolution for two engine revolutions, its main action being in the successive opening of the exhaust and the intake.

 The mobile part is driven by a silent belt.

 According to one embodiment of the invention, the cylinder head with distribution by rotary core has the first advantage of comprising only one silent element in movement per cylinder. which rests on the bearings (4).

 The large section of the cylinder head and rotary core openings allows free and absolute sweeping of the burnt gases, as well as extremely rapid and total filling of the cylinder with fuel. Perfect thermal balancing of the rotary core in the cylinder head is obtained by this process.

 The cylinder head with distribution by rotary core makes it possible to exceed to a very large extent the accelerations and the climbs, of known engines, the obstacle of the panic of the valves being removed. This gives a significantly increased displacement / efficiency ratio as well as a fuel economy that is not negligible.

 Another advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of varying the compression ratio at the discretion of the manufacturer.

 The absence of a valve in the combustion chamber makes possible the maximum approach of the piston towards the cylinder head.

 This principle offers a considerable range of new possibilities, while basically eliminating all sources of noise from currently known cylinder heads such as: rocker arms, rods, valves, springs, etc.

 This mechanical assembly is definitively adjusted upon assembly.

 In the cylinder head with distribution by rotary core, object of the present invention, the spark plug is embedded inside the rotary core, supplied with HV through the interior, of the shaft thereof. The electrodes are facing a light located on the outer perimeter of the rotating core.

 We thus obtain a distribution perfectly grouped in the cycle: supply, ignition, evacuation. In addition, it benefits from self-cleaning by centrifugal force of the spark plug seals and insulators.

 In the case of a compression ignition engine, the spark plug is replaced by a conventional fuel injector.

 According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the rotary distribution core is composed of an insulating material such as porcelain usually used in the manufacture of spark plugs.

A large positive electrode, elongated in the direction of rotation, is incorporated at a specific location on the outer perimeter of the rotating core. The H.T. supply of this electrode passes through an internal circuit opening at the end of the shaft outside the cylinder head.

 The fixed negative electrode, called "mass", in the form of a horizontal plate, is introduced into the cylinder head to lead to the center of the cylinder supply opening in the explosion chamber.

 It is therefore perfectly cooled.

 The negative electrode is located 5 or 6 tenths away from the passage of the positive electrode at the time of the ignition command.

 This process indefinitely maintains a precise spacing between the points of passage of the spark, taking into account the emission surfaces and their perfect cooling.

 Therefore, the duration of the electrodes is practically unlimited.

 According to another embodiment, the simplicity of the cylinder head with distribution by rotary core allows, by integrating the lower half cylinder head, as described in the present invention, in the upper part of the engine cylinder, to eliminate the gasket classic cylinder head and its disadvantages by offering a compact homogeneous assembly that is easier to cool.

 It is possible to adapt this embodiment to the two types of engine ignition.

 Another characteristic of the invention is to shorten, to the minimum compatible, the exhaust pipe in the cylinder head in order to minimize the amount of heat given up to the liquid or to the cooling fins.

The process does not exclude the adaptation of a turbo-compressor
According to another characteristic of the invention, the device makes it possible to drive the rotary core controlled by a centrifugal variator, this having the effect of automatically correcting the timing of the distribution according to the different engine speeds.

Claims (8)

 1.- Device applied to the cylinder heads of internal combustion engines, characterized in that the intake and exhaust valves are replaced by a rotary core (1) housed in two half-cylinder heads  (2) and (3) fixed forming a spherical shell, in order to ensure distribution.  dimension of at least two thirds of the diameter of the engine cylinder. This device comprises - a lower half cylinder head (2) whose cylindrical opening has a  tightness between the cylinder head and the rotating core (1). - one or more segments (5) ensuring the role of shot and fire  (12) being intended to channel the exhaust gases.  (11) being intended for the intake pipe, opposite the half light - two half-lights (11) (12) located on each side of the core, one  of the lower half cylinder head (2).  (1) and the bearings (4) and comprising lights identical to those  - an upper half cylinder head (3) serving as a cap for the rotating core  dimensions proportional to the displacement whatever it is, and allows, to name a few of its multiple advantages, to obtain a ratio: displacement / increased efficiency, fuel economy, and a possibility of varying the compression ratio at the option of the manufacturer.  This device comprising a cylinder head with distribution by rotary core has 2.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the intake (11) and exhaust (12) channels in the cylinder head  (2) (3) respectively exceed a quarter of the section of the engine bore.  3.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the  rotating core (1) is in the shape of a ball and has an obviously which can  have either a heart shape (10) or an elongated shape on a third  about its outer circumference, which ensures the opening and  closing the intake and exhaust.  4.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lights (11) and (12) may be of geometric shape and in particular square, rectangular, oval.  5.> Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one segment (5) housed in at least one groove (9) serving as a shot and seal between the lower half breech (2) and the rotary core (1), the shape or shapes of which allow self-positioning and therefore perfect sealing. 6.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a self-lubricating ring (6) located between the upper half cylinder head (3) and the rotary core (1) constantly maintains a film of oil on the entirety of the surface of said nucleus during its cycle. 7.- Device according to claims 1 and 6, characterized in that the rings (7) for retaining oil are located on either side of the rotary core (1) opposite the bearings (4). 8.- Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary core can be composed of an insulating material of the porcelain type and that a positive electrode is incorporated at a precise location on the outer perimeter of the rotary core (1) , a fixed negative electrode being introduced into the lower half cylinder head (2), which eliminates the conventional spark plug.