FR2500907A1 - BLOCK FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINE, PARTICULARLY DIESEL ENGINE - Google Patents

Abstract

EACH CYLINDER 3 IS FIXED TO ENGINE BLOCK 1 BY A LINK PLATE 8 ARRANGED AT A CERTAIN DISTANCE FROM THE UPPER PLANE 18 OF JUNCTION TO THE CYLINDER HEAD. THE UPPER PART 9 OF THE CYLINDER, VERY EXPOSED TO THE HEAT OF COMBUSTION, CAN THUS DEFORM ELASTICALLY FREELY, WHICH PREVENTS PERMANENT DEFORMATIONS.

Description

The invention relates to a block for a motor

  internal piston piston, especially diesel engine,

  carrying at least one cylinder with an axially movable piston-

  inside, a housing defining a volume of city

  crankshaft provided at one end of this cylinder to receive a crankshaft driven by the axial movement of the piston -in the cylinder, supports being provided at least on the

  front faces of the block to receive the bearings of the vile-

  brequin, and at least one cylinder head covering this block on the side opposite to the crankshaft and which can be connected to the block by studs, this block comprising at least one free space between the external wall of the cylinder and the internal wall of the block

  surrounding the cylinder to circulate a heat transfer agent

  tor. Internal combustion piston engines, such as diesel engines, OTTO engines among others, comprise an engine block, in which is housed at least one cylinder with a piston and a connecting rod assembly. The engine blocks, which, depending on the size and construction of the engine, are made of aluminum, cast iron or steel can be designed so as to comprise on the one hand a certain number of cylinders and on the other hand shutter parts at two ends of this block; a

  housing and a cylinder head. To receive the crankshaft, sup-

  bearing ports are provided in the block and in addition channels are provided for supplying and evacuating the engine block with a heat transfer agent for cooling or equalizing temperatures. In the area of the joint or separation plane between the cylinder head and the cylinder with the engine block on the one hand and between the engine block and the casing on the other hand, there are seals which

  serve to seal the engine block vis-à-vis the cu-

  weary or crankcase. The experience of combustion engines

  intern of this type has shown that a particularly fra-

  gile is the seal between the engine block and the cylinder head, and this seal is the cause of repeated failures. Added to this is that in known internal combustion engines, voltages often develop, in particular between

  the cylinder and the cylinder head because the heating of the cylinder

  dre in the vicinity of the combustion zone is very high and that the known cooling systems cannot usually be efficient enough to cope with this

huge influx of heat.

  To avoid this drawback as much as possible, in internal combustion piston engines, these engines are produced according to the so-called heat density principle, the heat density being obtained by the fact that

  thermal insulation is provided around the volume of com-

  bustion. These insulations are made either by partitions-

  either by constructive measures, in particular

crankshaft and cylinder head.

  A known internal combustion engine of the so-called heat density type has a connecting rod arranged in front of each working cylinder, the connecting rod being constituted

  essentially a piston forming two sets. An in-

  seems to perform the sealing function and the other set

  the function of guiding the piston in the working cylinder.

  The guide assembly which consists of a segment support

  ment, an envelope supporting this support and a foot

  plugging in the envelope has inside the envelope a combustion volume advantageously of revolution, which is thermally insulated both from the segment support and from the base of the piston. Thermal insulation of the combustion volume can thus be achieved by a narrow zone in the material constituting the connection of the envelope to the segment support and / or of the envelope at the foot and / or by a charge of a particular material with a poor coefficient of thermal conductivity. By these embodiments and arrangements of the combustion volume, the heat of combustion originating from the combustion of the air with the fuel particles is largely retained and can only be transmitted by the narrow zone to the segment support or to the foot of the piston, so that in particular the piston rings on their support escape a strong

  overheating and that the segment support even with its

  so-called fire rod moves along the cylinder wall, sliding with a very good seal. The other assembly which is used to guide the piston in the working chamber is

  largely protected from the heat of combustion and is

  directed so as to receive only normal forces, and dissipates the residual heat of combustion towards the foot of the piston and a coolant sprayed on it

(see B DE 2,545,588).

  Based on these considerations, the present invention

  tion aims to achieve an engine block for a

  internal piston bustion in which the tensions between the cylinder and the block on the one hand and the cylinder head on the other hand, are largely avoided, and deformations, in particular of the cylinder, resulting from unequal temperatures and / or influences normal forces of the driving parts on the cylinder, and thus also on the engine block, can be

  elastically absorbed in particular by the cylinder.

  In accordance with the present invention, this result is obtained by the fact that each cylinder is connected to the wall of the block which surrounds it by at least one annular connection plate arranged in the vicinity of a median zone of each cylinder, and that in apart from its connections with the external wall of the cylinder and the internal wall of the block, this plate has fixing means for the studs connecting the cylinder head to the engine block, and that a volume

  between the outer wall of the cylinder and the inner wall

  dull block and axially bounded by the connecting plate

  bran and breech, has at least one pipe

  supply and evacuation of this volume for the agent

  the carrier and that this annular connection plate is

  placed at a sufficient distance from the separation plane between the cylinder and the cylinder head so that> in particular the zone of the cylinder located between the connection plate and this separation plane, can be produced so as to be able to

elastically deform.

  Thanks to this arrangement, the problem envisaged by the present invention is advantageously resolved, because the cylinder subjected to a deformation by the influence of the heat of the combustion gases and of the driving forces can easily adapt to these deformations as a result of

  its flexibility. By the elastic adaptability of cy-

  lindre, the permanent deformations of this one are avoided so that the losses by friction between the piston and

  the sliding surfaces of the cylinder can be extreme

  reduced. Another advantage of this arrangement can be seen in the fact that the tensioners ensuring the connection of the cylinder head to the engine block are hung in a plane which remains very sheltered from thermal tensions. This also has the consequence that the tensioners which can be produced with low thermal rigidity can be moved easily in their inks even after several hours of operation of the machine because they have little tendency

  to become blocked under the influence of heat.

  Other characteristics of the invention appear

  tront during the description which follows, given to

  by way of nonlimiting example with regard to the attached drawings and which will make it clear how the invention can be implemented. The drawings show

  Figure 1, a sectional view of an engine block following

  vant the plane I-I of figure 2, without the cylinder head and without the casing, and figure 2, a top view of an engine block of

  three cylinders, the cylinder head being removed.

  The engine block 1 according to the invention, for an internal combustion piston engine, for example a diesel engine, essentially consists of an outer casing 2 and

  at least one cylinder 3 disposed inside this en-

  veloppe. The casing 2 which receives at one of its ends at least one cylinder head 4 closing off the cylinder 3 and at its other

  end of a casing 5, further comprises separating walls

  side ration and front partition walls which

  all together surround the cylinder housed in the block.

  In block 2 is provided a connecting rod not shown in the drawing, and which consists essentially of at least one piston movable axially in the cylinder 3 and a connecting rod connecting this piston to a crankshaft. The crankshaft is housed in a volume 6 of the engine block 1 and the walls

  front side of the block are provided with recesses 7 for

  see the bearings of this crankshaft.

  To give the cylinder 3, in particular in the zone exposed to the heat of combustion, an elasticity preventing permanent deformation, the cylinder is fixed to the block 1 by an annular plate 8, constituting a part of the block formed by the envelope and the cylinder. The plate 8 is disposed between the outer wall of the cylinder 3 and the inner wall of the part of the block 1 surrounding the cylinder, and is

  sized to provide sufficient support for the cylinder

  dre on the walls of the block, but so as to slightly interfere with the parts of the cylinder 9,10 extending up and down in their mobility in the context of an elasticity of these parts of the cylinder. Between the outer wall of the cylinder 3 and the inner wall of the block 1 are provided free spaces 11, 12 which are separated from each other simply by the plate 8. The free spaces 11, 12 which serve to

  brake the transfer of combustion heat from the cylinder

  dre 3 to block 1 can also be filled with a heat transfer agent for temperature equalization, which can be introduced into these spaces and in particular into the

  volume 11 at the height of zone 9 of the stronger cylinder-

  influenced by the heat of the combustion gases. For the introduction of such a heat transfer agent, for example

  oil or diesel fuel, we can provide in part

  culier in the plate 8 a bore 13 which opens into the volume it by a connection pipe 14. To be able to evacuate this agent out of the volume 11, one can provide a

  discharge line 15 on the opposite side of the same floor

  that 8 connecting this volume it to volume 6 of the crankshaft, and o this volume can be emptied by an evacuation pipe not shown in the drawing, housed in the cylinder head 4.X

  For fixing the cylinder head 4 to the mo-

  1 are provided on the plate 8 several anchors or fixing means 13 arranged concentrically around the axis X of the cylinder 3. Studs 17 can be screwed into these anchors from the cylinder head. The studs 17 can thus pass through the volume 11 above the rib 8, between the latter and the cylinder head so that they are sprayed by the heat transfer agent. The surfaces of the cylinder 3 and of the block 1 facing the cylinder head 4 are advantageously machined planar and are positively connected to the cylinder head so that it is possible to dispense with the interposition of a

  attached. Possible leaks, which for example could

  come outward from cylinder 3 along the

  surface 18 of the cylinder applied against the cylinder head does not

  come only in the volume 11 provided between the cylinder and the internal wall of the block 1 o they are driven by the

  permanent flow of heat transfer agent and discharged with it

  this. Even possible particles of scale or other product which could enter the volume there through the separation plane 18 have no effect on the combustion process and also on the internal combustion engine.

  insofar as they are taken by a filter (not shown

  felt on the drawings) provided on the circuit of the calo-

  carrier and can be separated.

  To be able to obtain a lighter block, the vo-

  lumes 11, 12 provided between the cylinder 3 and the walls which surround it, can be produced with a V-shaped section seen in the longitudinal section plane of the block, these volumes having their greatest opening width towards the cylinder head 4 and towards volume 6 of the crankshaft. In this way, one can be assured that the mold elements, after

  block 1 can be removed axially without difficulty

  cultured, which greatly simplifies the tooling. In cases where ventilation is desirable, in particular with several cylinders 3 in a block 1,

  the walls 19 separating the cylinders from each other may

  wind be provided with openings 20 through which the air of

  ventilation can be blown one way or the other.

  The engine block 1 will now be described and

  presented in the case of a three-cylinder block. Of course, it is possible to provide a larger number of cylinders 3 arranged one after the other along the axis of the crankshaft and to produce all these cylinders like those which are represented in FIGS. 1 and 2. An embodiment advantageous of such a block 1 can for example comprise three cylinders 3 which are sufficient in most cases, which produce the driving force in cooperation with the motor elements and the control means, where the principle of block 1 can be applied with more than

  three cylinders or in a single cylinder machine.

  In the representation of cylinders 3 on the

  Figure 2, the cylinders are linked to each other in di-

  longitudinal rection of the block 1. This does not however exclude that the walls of the cylinders 3 can be separated and thus remain annular, and the spaces 11 and 12 formed

  around the cylinders can also be annular at-

  tower of cylinders 3. Finally, the invention does not exclude having

  for example an annular volume 11 and the other volume 12 cor-

  corresponding to the representation of figure 2 with an in-

  terruption whose annular guidance is carried out by the

  cylinders 3 adjacent to each other.

  It goes without saying that the embodiments described

  are just examples and it would be possible to

  to modify in particular by substitution of technical equivalents

  without departing from the scope of the invention.

C0907

Claims (9)

CLAIMS:   1.- Block for internal combustion piston engine   ton, in particular diesel engine, comprising at least one cylinder with a piston movable axially inside, a casing defining a volume of crankshaft provided at a   end of this cylinder to receive a crankshaft   affected by the axial movement of the piston in the cylinder, supports being provided at least on the front faces of the block to receive the bearings of the crankshaft, at least one cylinder head covering this block on the side opposite to the crankshaft and which can be connected to the block by studs, this block comprising at least one free space between the external wall of the cylinder and the internal wall of the block surrounding the cylinder for the circulation of a heat transfer agent, characterized in that each cylinder (3) is connected to the wall of the block   (1) which surrounds it with at least one annular connection plate   area <8) arranged in the vicinity of a middle zone of each cylinder, and that apart from its connections with the wall   external of the cylinder and the internal wall of the block, this plate   that has fixing means (7) for the studs (17) connecting the cylinder head (4) to the engine block, çt that a volume (11) located between the outer wall of the cylinder and the inner wall of the block and delimited axially by the plate   connection and the cylinder head, is provided with at least one   tion (13, 14, 15) supply and evacuation of this vo-   lume for the heat transfer agent, and that this bonding plate   its ring finger is placed at a sufficient distance from the separation plane (18) between the cylinder and the cylinder head, in particular for the zone (9) of the cylinder situated between the   connecting plate and this separation plane can be   edged so as to be able to deform elastically.   2.- engine block according to claim 1, character-   risé in that the volume (11) located between the connecting plate (8) and the joint plane (18) has the shape of an annular cavity whose depth concentric with the longitudinal axis X of the cylinder (3) is limited by the connecting plate (8) itself.   3.- engine block according to claim 2, character-   rised in that the volume (11) extends in depth from the joint plane (18) only in the zone where the cylinder (3) is exposed to the heat of the combustion gases on the side of this joint plane (18).   4.- engine block according to claim 1, character-   in that the surfaces of the cylinder (3) and of the engine block (1) facing the joint plane (18) are machined in plan in a manner known per se and that these surfaces are applied to   flat without interposition of a lining against the cylinder head (4).   5.- engine block according to claim 1, character-   risé in that the connection plate (8) is provided with at least one intake pipe (13) supplying the volume (11) with a heat transfer fluid for temperature equalization, this   pipe being itself equipped with a branch pipe-   ment (14) connecting it to the corresponding volume.   6.- engine block according to claim 5, character-   in that the connecting plate (8) in addition to a con   intake pipe (13) and a connection pipe (14) is further provided with at least one discharge pipe (15)   and that this evacuation pipe opens from the   lume (11) in the volume of the crankshaft (6).   7.- engine block according to claim 1, character-   rised in that the volume (11) located between the wall of the cylinder (3) and the internal wall of the block (1) present in   longitudinal direction of the cylinder and block a configuration   V-shaped ration with an opening widening to across the joint plane.   8.- engine block according to claim 1, character-   rised in that between the outer wall of the cylinder (3) and the inner wall of the block (1) is provided another annular volume (12) limited in height by the connecting plate (8) with respect to the volume (11 ) cooled, and this volume towards   longitudinal of the cylinder and block has a configuration   V-shaped tion whose opening widens towards the volume crankshaft (6).   9.- engine block according to claim 1 in the-   which are provided for at least two cylinders arranged one   the other in the axial direction of the crankshaft, these cylinders   dres presenting between them a partition, characteristic   rised in that in the region of the end of the cylinder (3) projecting into the volume (6) of the crankshaft, each partition has an opening (20) for ventilation of the volume of the crankshaft and / or of the volume of the adjacent cylinder at this volume of the crankshaft.