FR2516008A1 - MARKING OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS, IN PARTICULAR PLASTER PRODUCTS REINFORCED BY GLASS YARNS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS THE MAKING OF TRADEMARKS ON A COMPOSITE PRODUCT, THAT IS TO SAY IN THE FORM OF A MATRIX AND WIRES BURNED IN THE MATRIX, THE MATRIX BEING IN PARTICULAR PLASTER AND GLASS WIRES. IT PROPOSES A PROCESS ESSENTIALLY CONSISTING OF SPRAYING ON THE PRODUCT TO BE MARKED, AT LEAST A JET OF A FLUID UNDER A PRESSURE AT LEAST EQUAL TO THAT WHICH DEGRADES THE MATRIX, BUT LOWER THAN THAT WHICH ATTACKS THE WIRES BUNNED IN THE MATRIX. IT ALSO PROVIDES A DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS, THIS DEVICE ESSENTIALLY INCLUDING ONE OR MORE NOZZLES DIRECTED TOWARDS THE PRODUCT AND SUPPLIED WITH FLUID AND IN PARTICULAR WATER, UNDER PRESSURE. IT ALLOWS PRODUCTS BEARING CROSSING OR NON-CROSSING MARKS DEPENDING ON THE CHOICE, THE CROSSING MARKS BEING PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR CONSTITUTING FOLDING LINES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NON-FLAT CONSTRUCTION PANELS.

Description

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  MARKING OF COMPOSITE PRODUCTS, IN PARTICULAR PRODUCTS

  PLASTER REINFORCED BY GLASS YARNS.

  The present invention relates to the realization of marks on

  composite products, ie forms of a matrix in which

  they are embedded in threads or fibers.

  It can in particular be used to manufacture plaster products provided with such marks, zenforced by threads or fibers, in particular glass, said products being in particular under

form of plates or ribbon.

  they may be non-tracing marks, that is to say,

  only on one side of the goods, along straight lines or not, or on a surface, to decorate or give a mark It may also be through marks obtained by removal of the matrix along a straight line or not or on

  a surface, while preserving reinforcing threads or fibers, in particular

  for folding the product along said line or for inserting any part or accessory into the opening

practiced on said surface.

  The matrix may be a plastic material, a hydraulic binder, plaster, etc., reinforcements of metal threads, glass threads, natural or artificial textile threads etc.

  To facilitate the description that follows, we will take

  as an example only the plaster, in the form of plates, reinforced by glass threads, but the invention must also be extended to other matrices, in forms other than plates, containing

other sons.

  It is known from French Patent Publication No. 2448008 to manufacture plasterboard reinforced with glass threads distributed substantially throughout their thickness and provided with plaster-free lines, along which the glass strands are stripped, said lines being for example intended for folding the edges of the plates, the stripped glass son then serving as hinge To achieve these lines, one must intervene at the time of the

  manufacture of the plates As soon as the plaster is poured, we begin to concentrate

  the reinforcements so as to bring them along the said lines, to

  to occupy only a small thickness, the action of concentra-

  during the setting of the plaster and the plaster is relieved

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  lines where reinforcements have been concentrated.

  But these techniques are relatively complicated and difficult.

  to implement them, because they intervene as soon as the casting of the plaster and thus may disturb the casting, because they encumber and delay the manufacture, because the means

  that clear the plaster become dirty quickly.

  In addition, these plaster-free lines, consisting solely of

  By the reinforcement threads laid bare, they do not always have the desired quality. Indeed, on one side the chamfers that line them are too

  irregular to be aesthetic, on the other hand, they are too

  its and even sometimes still cluttered with plaster waste that we have

  cleared, so that, in the case of a folding, the blocking

  port to another, plate elements folded around said line,

is made more difficult.

  Moreover, these chamfers are not always made with the necessary precision and this disadvantage can be very troublesome when it is envisaged to fold around the line thus created, a

  plate element in relation to another In fact, in the case where

  plaster would have been removed, the bending resistance suddenly becomes very important when the two chamfers come into contact and if we continue to bend, we risk breaking the reinforcements and thus destroy the hinge that connects the two elements plate, by excessive tensioning and exceeding the limit of

resistance of the reinforcing wires.

  To all these drawbacks is added the risk of cutting the glass wires when the plaster is released, even if they have been

  previously concentrated in a defined area.

  The present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, namely complexity of the technique, risk of hacking the

  reinforcing threads, fouling of plaster-removing installations,

  precision of the shape of the edges of the plaster-free line which can cause a rupture of the reinforcements by excessive tensioning during folding, unsightliness of these edges, unfitness of said edges to be

assembled one on the other.

  It proposes a method of making marks, either

  through or not through, totally independent of the

  plaster, which can intervene in any zone of the plates, without preliminary preparation, preserving the reinforcement threads embedded in the plaster, providing edges of marks without waste of

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  plaster, the crossing marks can have a double aspect, on one side of the plates, a very precise trace, net, aesthetic, on the other side, a serrated aspect which during a folding, on the one hand promotes the assembling the edges of the plate elements one on the other, on the other hand, provides progressively increasing folding resistance. This process consists essentially in projecting on the product, and in particular on the plaster product having son and / or glass fibers embedded in its thickness since we have said to take

  plaster reinforced with glass threads as an example, without

  miter the invention to said plaster, at least one jet of a fluid under a pressure at least equal to that which degrades the plaster matrix, but less than that which attacks the son or fibers embedded in said matrix.

  To promote the removal of the matrix, it is planned to

  when it is plastic, and more precisely when it is in an intermediate state between the one where it just stops flowing under its own weight and the one where it becomes too rigid and the pressure of the fluid becomes large enough to degrade the reinforcements at the same time as said matrix In the case of plaster, marking is carried out while it is being taken. It is possible to work from the moment when it no longer flies under its own weight, until the moment when its

  setting speed reaches a maximum.

  To shape the edges of the mark, the orets are oriented at an angle which is of the same order of magnitude as that which

  will have to form these edges with the surface of the product.

  We choose to scroll the product under two jets of water arranged one behind the other, inclined relative to the product, and

  inclined relative to each other, and to eliminate water

  jetty loaded with matrix waste and in particular plaster after

  said two jets for example by gravity, or by suction.

  This produces a product with marks that, depending on the energy of the water jets, are either non-through or through. When the marks are through, on the face of the product located on the side of the jets, the edges of marks are clear, precise and

  aesthetic, while on the other side, they are more irregular.

  The invention also proposes a device for implementing the method, this device essentially comprising means carrying the product to be worked and nozzles fed with fluid, in particular water under a pressure which in the case of a plaster product. reinforced by glass threads, traveling under the nozzles at a speed of less than 10 meters per minute, is between 1 and 75

  bars and preferably between 5 and 30 bars.

  The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings which show: FIG. 1 an example of glass son reinforcing a gypsum board.

  FIG. 2: an example of a device according to the invention for ef-

  make two parallel marks on a plate of

  plaster reinforced with glass threads.

  Fig 3: a schematic view of a plasterboard carrying

  a through mark made according to the invention.

  FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a cross-marking underside made of plaster having reinforcements

in fig 1.

  Fig 5 is a diagram showing the realization of a U-shaped panel.

  Fig 6 a diagram showing the realization of a brand

covering a surface.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the locking in the folded position of the borders of a panel bearing a marked mark

according to the method of the invention.

  Fig 1 shows an exploded view, an example of reinforcements that

  it is possible to insert inside plasterboard manufactured

  especially as indicated in the French patent publication 2416777 and having the order of a centimeter thick It may be a sheet of glass son 1, continuous, curled and entangled, enclosed above and below by a grid of glass wires 2 and 3 for example

  square mesh of 0.5 to 1 centimeter side.

  Exposing reinforcements such as 1, 2 and 3 in a gypsum board, in particular for producing fold lines for the production of non-planar building boards, for example U-shaped panels of the type of those described in French Patent Publication No. 2448008, or only the tracing of non-through marks, on plasterboard, can be obtained using the

  device, an example of which is given in FIG.

  tapping a strip of plaster 4 passing on a conveyor belt 5 furnace

  plastering a continuous bearing surface, surmounted by a

  equipment A intended to produce two parallel lines of marks

  This equipment A consists essentially of two tracing stations 7 and 8 each assigns to the tracing of a line, each station comprising a series of two nozzles 9 and 10 supplied with water at medium pressure and a suction mouth 11 placed after the nozzles

  considering the direction of movement of the gypsum tape The two pos-

  7 and 8 are carried by a gantry 12 straddling the line

  It is possible to move the plaster ribbon at will along the said line to be placed where the plaster is

  in the most favorable condition to undergo the tracing of a mark.

  Each nozzle 9 or 10 is slidably and swivelingly mounted in a nozzle holder 13 or 14 mounted on a plate 15 attached to the gantry 12 via a system for adjusting the height of said plate relative to the conveyor 5, for example a threaded rod 16 The position of each plate can also be set in the

  transverse direction, for example using threaded rods 16 '.

  Each nozzle 9 or 10 consists essentially of a straight tube 17 having a length at least equal to 10 times its diameter, ie about 8 to 10 cm in length, to stabilize the flow of the liquid, connected on one side by a flexible 18 to a pressurized water supply station not shown in the figures, finished on the other side by a nozzle

19 gauge.

  The suction mouth 11 is also fixed to the gantry 12 so as to have its opening arranged flush with the gypsum tape. The two nozzles 9 and 10 are inclined with respect to the surface of the ribbon.

  plaster and also inclined relative to each other, thereby forming

  if together a V approximately in a plane perpendicular to the direction of travel of the plaster tape In addition, the two nozzles are slightly offset relative to each other in the direction of advancement of the plaster tape All settings of Distances, pressure, angles depend on the nature of the plaster, its state at the time of marking, the depth of the mark, da profile To be able to be marked the plaster must be plastic, that is to say say in the process of taking If the catch is too short the trace obtained by the jets of water is immediately filled On the contrary if the setting state is too advanced, the plaster is too hard, the marking is irregular,

  and the necessary pressure becomes too great so that

  glass can also be damaged linaaement, the plaster must be advanced enough for the plaster to

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  In a more precise way, the plaster can be

  the moment when it ceases to flow under its own weight, up to

  The maximum setting rate can be determined by taking series of samples of the plaster on the belt conveyor 5 and determining for each sampled sample the quantity of phase transformed. The temperature can be recorded. plaster tape using thermocouples embedded in the plaster, the setting reaction being exothermic can thus detect the moment when the setting speed is maximum When the manufacturing process does not significantly change the behavior of the

  plaster, the period during which the fold tape can be marked

  is approximately between one-quarter of the end-of-setting time Vicat and the setting time Vicat; the end of setting time Vicat and the conditions of its measurement being defined in the AFNOR standards for the hydraulic binders P 15-414, P 15-431 and B 12-402 Consequently, the gantry 12 is placed in the region of the manufacturing line o

the plaster is in this state.

  Then we choose the type of nozzle 9 or 10: jet jet nozzle, flat jet nozzle, conical nozzle, etc, depending on the nature of the desired mark For narrow marks along lines we will choose jet nozzles baton A to suppose that a jet jet nozzle has been chosen, its diameter is then determined; diameters included

  between 0.30 and 1 mm will be commonly used.

  the nozzles are dependent on the desired mark depth, but for a through-mark on a gypsum board reinforced as previously described, 6 to 7 mm thick, not moving more than m / min under the marking nozzles 9 or 10 it will be between 1 and 75 bar and preferably between 5 and 30 bars Beyond 75 or 80 bar, the plaster continues of course to be degraded, but the reinforcements

  they also start to get damaged The height of the nozzles

  plaster tape must also be adjusted in particular so that the jet from the nozzle 9 or 10 retains the same characteristics when it arrives on the gypsum tape This height also depends

  the depth of the mark and / or the extent of the mark when

  bends conical jet nozzles as shown in fig 6 In the case of jet nozzles, distances of the nozzles to the plaster tape, of the order of 3 mm to 10 cm can be adopted for water pressures

  and the nozzle diameters indicated previously. This height of the bu-

  its will be adjusted by changing the height of the plate 15, for example to

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  The shape of the profile of the mark will depend essentially on the inclination of the jets with respect to the surface of the plaster ribbon Each jet may be inclined with respect to the ribbon

  plaster with an angle of between 90 (vertical throw) and 300

  If a mark with two symmetrical edges is desired, the two nozzles should be inclined at the same angle to the plasterboard so that they form a V.

  two nozzles at a short distance from each other, at a sufficient distance

  however, so that the jets do not disturb before touching the plaster, offsets of the order of a centimeter in the direction

  advancement of the plaster tape will be fine.

  Advantageously, to avoid having a trace too wide and to prevent the non-degradative plaster 4 remaining in the trace, it will be

  converge the jets on the upper surface of the product or in the

  surface of the ribbon of pl Atre free of reinforcements.

  The suction mouth 11 associated with each pair of nozzles 9 and 10 is advantageously arranged after said nozzles, at a distance

  between 5 mm and 5 cm, and preferably less than 2 cm,

  5 mm from the plaster surface It is connected to a

  vacuum filling not shown in the figures, providing a vacuum of the order of 300 mm C E The installation being adjusted as described

  previously, it is possible to obtain a through trace such as schemati-

  3 On the top surface of the plaster tape, the mark

  has sharp and smooth edges 20 and 21, whereas on the surface

  ribbon, the mark has more irregular edges 22 and 23, provided with fine serrations distributed randomly.

  width of the mark on the upper side is determined by the differences

  On the underside, the shape of the mark and in particular its width also depends on these settings, but

  in addition it depends on the reinforcements arranged on the path of the jets of water.

  Indeed, every stream of water consistent with its entry into the product, is disturbed as soon as it encounters a thread, it then ceases to be coherent, it

  is deflected by the wire, turbulences are created, possibly

  teragit with the neighboring jet and finally it stands out on the other side of the

  product in an average direction substantially identical to its

  entrance, but having a larger section and

  diverging 11 then produces in the thicknesses of the gypsum tape

  under the reinforcements, a brand whose profile is no longer as

  gulier in the upper face reinforcements, especially the wires 1

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8-

  entangled, curled into a sheet with a random distribution, we ob-

  holds plaster removals on the underside which also

  are irregular and produce serrations 24 or irregularities.

  FIG. 4 shows in enlarged view a underside of a through mark. The serrations can be seen as above-mentioned, having

  real widths of the order of mm, but also the threads of

strong left intact.

  The jets of water having been deflected by the reinforcing threads,

  obtains a lower mark on the lower face than on the upper face.

  Thus for example with jets inclined relative to each other, thus making each with the plaster tape an angle of 75, a mark having 1 mm wide on the upper face of the ribbon was obtained.

  plaster 6 mm thick and 5 mm wide on the underside.

  However, overall we can say that the angles of the edges of marks

  remain of the same order of magnitude as those of the nozzles

  However, to obtain the serrated appearance on the underside, it is important that the jets are deflected by the son of

  reinforcement, and therefore they must have a section of the same order,

  The water sprayed by the nozzles, as well as the debris of plaster that it has removed, is sucked up by the suction mouth 11 Thus the water having penetrated the whole thickness of the ribbon

  plaster, goes back to the surface, performs a washing of the edges of the

  that and carries with it the plaster debris Immediately sucked

  it does not modify, even locally, the quality and the evolution of the

  The continuous support of the plaster tape constituted by the conveyor

  strip 5 allows suction from above the product.

  However other techniques of elimination of the water are possible The water can be allowed to flow by simple gravity under the

  plaster tape, said ribbon being of course supported by a

  discontinuous voyeur One can also suck the water under the plaster tape. Instead of water jets, one can similarly use

  jets of other fluids: gaseous jets or jets of other liquids.

  To obtain wider marks or covering surfaces, it is also possible to use a larger number of nozzles

  possibly supplied by different fluids or furnace nozzles

  jets of different shapes Thus fig 6 shows how

  a brand covering a whole area using a nozzle to

conical spray.

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  We have essentially described until now the real

  However, by reducing the penetration depth of the jets, by increasing the distance from the nozzles to the plaster tape, and especially by reducing the pressure, by also modifying the inclinations of the nozzles, it is possible to obtain marks with the same device. non-traversing Marks in non-straight lines are also possible by moving the nozzle (s)

following the desired contour.

  Crossing marks along lines may in particular

  create fold lines around the formed hinge

  plaster-free reinforcements and left intact, with a view to

  construction of non-planar building boards, for example

  U-shaped skins The edges 25, 26 of drywall

  bounded by straight marks can be folded as

  tré fig 5, jagged edges of the mark inside the fold As seen from below, the U-shaped panel has aesthetic edges, with a clear outline On the contrary, seen from above, the fold is less aesthetic, but

  this is not a problem because the top of such panels is never visible

  ble after placement, and in addition it is usually covered with a

  insulating material of the glass wool type.

  At the time of folding, when the serrated edges of the mark come into contact, a weak resistance appears, resistance which increases regularly as one accentuates the folding, and

  that the serrations crush The serrations entering first

  tact with the opposite edge, then said serrations crashing, the

  folding resistance is lower than for U-shaped panels of the type

  former, and she believes much more regularly Thus for

  cast plaster with a given tensile strength, it is possible to choose settings for the marking station which

  make a mark with an opening angle lower than that required

  to make the folding, the required opening angle being

  held progressively during folding by crushing the serrations.

  After bending, the edges in contact which, instead of being smooth, as in the U-shaped panels of the old type, have irregularities. These irregularities favor the assembly of the two.

  edges one on the other, in particular using glue, said glue pas-

  from one side to the other between the reinforcing wires and between the

  annentes serrations of the two edges that go neck Lough as shown 6 fig 6, and realizing with said serrations 24 a real succession of

25160 08

  rivets 27 whose bodies are clamped between two adjacent serrations and the heads blooming on each side of the panel,

  These marks may also be made according to

  In this way slits will be obtained in which the electric wires, for example, or the hooks of the panels can be passed away by separating the reinforcing wires which have remained in place. The invention explained in detail by taking the plaster reinforced by glass son, must of course be extended to the case of other matrices, such as various hydraulic binders or resins reinforced by

other sons.

251600 d

4 & 1 -

Claims (17)

  1 marking process on composite products comprising a matrix, in particular plaster, and son or fibers embedded in the matrix, including reinforcements son or glass fibers, characterized in that it projects on said product, at less a jet of a fluid under a pressure at least equal to that which degrades the matrix, but less than that which attacks the son or fibers drowned in said matrix.   Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that   intervenes at a time when the matrix is in the plastic state.   Process according to Claim 2, characterized in that the   matrix being plaster, it intervenes during the setting of plaster.   4 Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the favorable period for making marks on a gypsum based product begins from the moment it no longer flue under its own   weight and ends when its setting speed reaches its maximum.   Proc 6 d 6 according to claim 4, characterized in that the product is marked during the period between one quarter of the time   end of setting Vicat and the end of setting time Vicat.   Process according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the projected fluid is water.   Process according to any one of the claims   previous, characterized in that the projected fluid is recovered loaded matrix debris by one of the following means: by gravity, by suction on the same side of the product as that o comes the fluid, by suction of the opposite side to that o is projected the fluid.   Process according to one of claims 6 or 7,   characterized in that the matrix being pl Atre and the son embedded in said matrix, son or fiberglass, the pressure of the water is   between 1 and 75 bar and preferably between 5 and 30 bar, the   speed of the plaster under the jets of fluid being lower at 10 m / min.   Process according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized by orienting the jet or jets at an angle of the same order of magnitude as that which must form the edges   the mark drawn with the surface of the product.   Process according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the section of a jet for the 4.2 realization of narrow marks arriving on the product is chosen to be of the same order of magnitude as that of the son embedded in the matrix. 11 Process according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the product is scrolled under two jets of water arranged one after the other, each inclined relative to the product surface and disposed in V relative to one another. at the other, the water charged with the matrix debris is sucked after the two jets, the product being in this zone   carried by a solid continuous support.   Process according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the energy of the jets is regulated by   depending on the desired depth of the mark.   Apparatus for carrying out the process according to the   preceding sales, characterized in that it includes means   of maintaining the product to be worked, at least one nozzle directed towards   said product and fed with a fluid under pressure.   Device according to claim 13 characterized in that   the means of maintaining the product make it scroll and that the   two of them are arranged one after the other in the direc-   of the product, each inclined relative to the product of an angle of the same order of magnitude as that provided for each edge   brand, inclined also relative to each other.   Device according to claim 14, characterized in that   that the nozzles are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the direction scrolling of the product.   Device according to claim 15, characterized in that   the nozzles are placed above the product and followed by a   pirator acting flush with the upper surface of said product, the   product holding means being a continuous conveyor belt.   Apparatus according to any of claims 13 to 17   16, characterized in that the two nozzles are 1 cm one behind the other, and the vacuum cleaner at a distance between 5 mm and 5 cm and   preferably less than 2 cm behind the last nozzle.   Apparatus according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized   characterized in that the nozzles are stick jet nozzles with a diameter of the order of 3/10 to 1 mm.   A composite product formed of a matrix and wires embedded in the matrix, and in particular produced in plaster with son and / or glass fibers embedded in its thickness having lines 251600 along which the matrix and in particular the plaster is removed and stripped son, characterized in that these igneous have smooth edges on one side of the product, edges with serrated asperities on the other side of the product.   The product of claim 193 characterized in that the lines belong to one of the following categories: lines   rectilinear lines, non-rectilinear lines, continuous lines, discontinuous lines naked.   21 Produced according to one of claims 19 or 20, characterized in that   rised in that after folding its borders around the lines o the plâ-   it is removed, face with asperities inside the fold and blocking said edges by a glue 6 e along said line inside the fold, it has edges located along the lines above provided, a plurality of glue rivets passed from one side   to the other, and arranged between the different asp Srities.