FR2510001A1 - DEVICE FOR THE SEPARATION OF DISPERSE MATERIALS CONSTITUTING THE SAME PHASE IN A CURRENT FLUID - Google Patents

Abstract

THE PRESENT INVENTION RELATES TO A DEVICE FOR THE SEPARATION OF DISPERSE MATERIALS CONSTITUTING A SAME PHASE. THIS DEVICE INCLUDES AT LEAST TWO HOLLOW PARTS (1) WHICH WIDEN AND TIGHTEN, WHICH INCLUDE, ONE AFTER THE OTHER, AT LEAST ONE OPENING FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF FLUID A AND, AT LEAST ONE OPENING FOR THE DISCHARGE OF THE FLUID A. FLUID B AND IN THAT BETWEEN THESE OPENINGS THE HOLLOW SPACE CONTAINS AT LEAST ONE MAXIMUM SECTION C, IN THAT, MOREOVER, THE PIECES 1 WHICH WIDEN AND TIGHTEN ARE CONNECTED BETWEEN THEM DIRECTLY THROUGH THEIR INTRODUCTION OPENINGS OF FLUID A AND THEIR FLUID B DISCHARGE OPENINGS OR BY INTERMEDIATE PARTS 10 THAT CONNECT THESE OPENINGS BETWEEN THEM. APPLICATION FOR EXAMPLE FOR THE SEPARATION OF SOLID GRAINS IN A GASEOUS FLUID WITH COUNTERCURRENT.

Description

2510001 I

  The present invention relates to a device for the separation of dispersed materials of the same phase in a fluid stream (for example for the separation of grains

  solids in a countercurrent gaseous fluid).

  In the mining industry, in the chemical industry

  and in the branches of neighboring industries, a fre-

  it is necessary to separate a quantity of particles of the same phase but of different characters (for example a quantity of solid grains) on the basis of the individual properties

particles.

  Among the separation methods and devices known from the specialized literature and practice, the

  more widespread are gravity separation facilities.

  against the current and with a vertical main axis (

  in which the fluid flowing in the opposite direction to the amount of material falling into the gravitational field, causes a portion of the particles, another part of them continuing to descend in the opposite direction to the flow of fluid while part of the

  particles is suspended in the stream; the behavior

  grain is determined by the resultant

  who operate on them) Currently these devices

  according to the principle of gravitation work with the minimum of energy expenditure, because they are not obliged to move useless masses (for example,

screen frame, drum).

  But, at the same time, their large size (especially vertically) is a disadvantage; this size is well characterized by the fact that the so-called specific load (kg of material to be separated introduced by m 3 of fluid flow) which essentially determines the

  accuracy, the quality of separation, is low.

  According to the findings of the technical literature (Engel: Studies on air lift in the

  pneumatic separation Diss Technical University of Aix-

251000-1.

  la-Chapelle 1957), when using for example quartz grains and air, the maximum specific charge is

3 3

  1.5 kg / m, but the optimum specific load is 1.0 kg / m. According to other measures (Vessel: Bases of screening and density, Technetreatem 7 r 196772, p 53; 4, p.

  167), the optimum load capacity of a vertical device

  quadrangular section cal is 0.5 kg / m Also the

  specific load capacity of the so-called zig-type separators

  zag "(considered to be the most effective among the

  widespread multi-storey) is between 0.5

  and 1.5 kg / m 3 / Lauer: Pneumatic laboratory separators.

  Treatment Technique, Part 16 (1976) 5, 224,231;

2nd part (1976) 10, 620-625).

  The increase of the specific charge is limited by the fact that after a certain charge threshold, which is different according to the matter and its state, the particles

  separate from each other and form lumps

  As a result of changing the load threshold, the distribution of grains in space and in time changes, so that part of the phase to be separated leaves the device untreated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device in which the reciprocal bonding of the particles of the amount of granular material to be separated is prevented, or in which the particles which have agglomerated during the separation process are disintegrated again. in particles, which can significantly increase the specific charge, so that the dimensions of the device can

  be reduced while ensuring effective separation.

  This object is achieved according to the invention by a device for the separation of dispersed matter of the same phase in a fluid stream, which device comprises at least two hollow parts which widen and shrink and which comprise one after the at least one fluid introduction opening and at least one fluid discharge opening, the hollow space between these openings having at least one maximum section; these pieces that widen and shrink connect together

  between them either directly through their introductions

  fluid evacuation or discharge, either through intermediate

  which connect these openings to each other.

  In practice, the device according to the present invention is advantageously made in such a way that each of the parts which widen and shrink comprises, respectively, tubes for the recovery, of separate fractions and tubes for the recycling of separate fractions, a connection currents of matter being

  provided, where appropriate, between these tubings.

  It is also advantageous that the introduction openings and the discharge openings, as well as the surfaces of the maximum sections that correspond to them are different for a given part or inside this room. It is, moreover, characteristic of the device

  according to the invention that the wall of the parts which

  grooves and / or ribs and that each of the pieces that expand and

  shrink has a common wall.

  The device according to the invention therefore consists of units (of parts that widen and shrink)

  formed of spaces connected to each other, which

  in the separating fluid that penetrates into the widening space, they form and shrink

  and which runs along the entire length of the device,

  lons that prevent the particles of the materials to be separated from sticking together or disintegrate in their particles, the materials bonded together under the effect of the centrifugal force caused by the swirling motion or under the action of shocks and friction of the grains between them,

  caused by swirling motion.

2510001 '

  The device consisting of a plurality of pieces (units) which widen and shrink allows a

  the matter which forms, on entering the

  a mass of grains, advancing from unit to unit, disperses in the ascending gaseous fluid, on the other hand, that special fractions of matter are separated in each unit, and third, according to the form and number of the elements. incorporated during the separation of grains having these parameters, very narrow characteristics, for example solid grains, this device makes it possible to separate

  fractions of geometrically

identical.

  The units of the device according to the present invention, that is to say the parts which widen and shrink are hollow bodies which can advantageously

  be constituted by rotation surfaces and / or

  flat faces having at least two openings (for the purpose of

  troduction and evacuation of the material), the hollow body

  having at least one maximum section between these openings.

  The parts that widen and shrink can be connected together along the openings either by an intermediate piece or directly; they can also be made in one piece with a continuous surface The parts may also have other complementary parts, for example secondary pipes (openings) for feeding and evacuation of the material; they can also be equipped with a double wall or a hollow wall for the supply or removal of heat The part that widens and shrinks can also be constituted by envelopes having the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid with circular or shaped openings

parallelogram.

  Units made up of coins that are

  lie and shrink can also be arranged

  next to each other; in the interests of better use

  each piece that widens and shrinks

  may have a common wall.

  From the point of view of its function, the device according to the present invention is comparable to a superimposed screening system * each shrinkage, where the separation fluid accelerates, corresponds in fact to a screen and

  the function of the screening slot is essentially supported

  by the speed of the fluid; the increasing speeds can be compared to dimensions of screening slots always narrower It should be noted, however, that the structure of the screening system and the maintenance of the exact size of the holes require difficult and expensive work, that the maintenance of the system of screening is costly because of repeated mass acceleration and that repairs are very important because of the moving mechanisms and

  the strong wear contrary to this, the manufacture of the dis-

  positive embodiment of the present invention does not require

  special technical births or special materials; the device does not contain moving parts and is much less subject to wear; its manufacture, maintenance and

  repairs are therefore inexpensive.

  In addition to the foregoing, the invention also includes other arrangements which will be apparent from

the following description.

  The invention will be better understood by means of the

  description which will follow, which refers to the drawings

annexed in which:

  Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the

  according to the invention, which shows the feeding points

  extraction and sampling as well as material flow and fluid flow; Figure 2 shows a part that widens and narrows the device according to the invention, with several possibilities for cutting profiles and shapes; FIG. 3 represents a view partially in

251000 1,

  elevation and partly in section of the device according to the invention.

  tion, with tubings suitable for taking fractions of material; FIG. 4 represents the diagram of some parts which widen and shrink, of the device

  according to the invention, with recycle lines (conduits)

clage, and

  FIG. 5 represents a side view of the disc

  positive according to the invention, the parts that widen and shrink are interconnected by intermediate parts. It should be understood, however, that these drawings and the corresponding descriptive parts are

  given only as an illustration of the purpose of the in-

  tion, of which they in no way constitute a limitation

  tation. In FIG. 1, the widening and narrowing pieces 1 are arranged superimposed on each other. The quantity of material to be separated 6 which

  penetrates by the introduction of mixture 2 falls by gravity.

  The separating fluid 9, which moves countercurrently with the quantity of material 6, reaches the device through the introduction of the fluid 3. The separating fluid 9 entrains the grains which form the fine fraction 8 of the mixture, while it drops the grains forming the coarse fraction 7 The fine fraction 8 leaves the device,

  with the separating fluid 9, through the outlet pipe 4.

  The coarse fraction 7 leaves the device through the tubing

output 5.

  The separating fluid 9 which rises also causes part of the coarse fraction 7, which separates

  however, in rooms 1 which widen and shrink

  Likewise, the coarse fraction 7 contains

  fine grains 8, which separate in pieces 1 which widen

  feel and shrink and come out from above, with the

10001.

separation fluid 9.

  Exhibits 1 below the introduction

  mixture 2 form the expulsion zone of the

  tif, while those which are above said introduction 2 form the enrichment zone are distinguished well the fluid introduction openings a and the fluid discharge openings b and the section

  c of the hollow part, on parts 1 which widen

feel and shrink.

  When these parts are assembled and directly connected to each other, the openings a and b are of

same section and same shape.

  Figure 2 shows some typical profiles

  of a part 1 which widens and narrows, namely: the profile of the introduction opening a, the profile of the discharge opening b and the maximum profile c As is apparent from this figure , the associated profiles may comprise surfaces delimited by a straight or curved line according to different variants, some of which are

shown in the drawings.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, fractions can be separated by each piece which

  widens and narrows. This is how the fat fraction

  7 'goes out through the evacuation tubing 5' but that the fraction in suspension of the amount of material to be separated 6

  can also go out through this tubing.

  The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 allows the separation into increasingly finer fractions; the fine fraction 8 coming out of the lower part 1 which widens and narrows may, in fact, contain grains that this piece should have separated; thanks to the recycling of a part of the material stream, this separation becomes possible. Thus, the coarse fraction 7 'can, via the upper tube 5', be recycled in the piece 1

  by the tubing 2 'which is below.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and from bottom to top, the opening for introducing the fluid and the maximum section c for parts that widen and shrink become regularly larger, so that the speed separation fluid

  ascending 9 decreases further in the corresponding sections.

  Thus, according to the different degrees of speed, the separation in each piece which widens and narrows 1 gives a quality each time different In the mode of

  illustrated in the figure, the opening of an intro-

  tion of the fluid a and the discharge opening of the fluid b are each time well separated by the intermediate part 10 used. The series of tests carried out with the device according to the invention have proved that this device can be kept running with a specific load of 14 kg / m, which is much higher than that of the devices known until now and that its most favorable load is in the range of 2 to 3 kg / m, that is to say in the vicinity of

  the most precise separation optimum.

  In addition to these benefits, it is very advantageous

  that the device according to the invention is of a construction

  and therefore entails reduced investment costs.

  maintenance and repair.

  The device according to the invention can be

  used with particular success for the following processes.

  separating a quantity of solid material using a fluid (gas or liquid); Extension of the process according to item 1 in that the material to be separated is heated or cooled by the fluid (calcination, freezing); Extension of the process according to item 1, in that the solid grains of material act in the desired direction on the chemical reaction between the components of the

  fluid flow (for example, catalytic reactions).

  In the case where the parts of the device which widen and shrink are double-jacketed, the parameters of this method can also be influenced by heat transfer; 4 Variant of the process according to point 1, according to which the solid grains separate from the phase

  fluid (for example, crystallization).

  Variant of the process according to point 1, following which a process of transmission of

  matter between the solid phase and the fluid.

  As is apparent from the foregoing, the invention

  tion is not limited to those of its modes of

  These are the ones that have just been described more explicitly; it embraces on the contrary

  all the variants that may come to the mind of the

  in this respect, without departing from the scope or scope

of the present invention.

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Claims (4)

JEVENDICATIONS   1 Device for the separation of materials   dispersed from the same phase in a fluid stream, characterized   characterized in that it comprises: at least two hollow parts (1) which widen and shrink, which comprise, one after the other, at least one opening for introducing the fluid (a) and, at   least one fluid outlet (b) and in that   these openings the hollow space comprises at least one maximum section (c), in that, moreover, the pieces (1) which widen and shrink connect to each other directly by their openings of the introduction of fluid (a) and their fluid discharge openings (b) or by intermediate pieces (10) which connect these openings between them.   2 Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized   characterized in that the various pieces (1) which widen and shrink comprise tubings (5 ') for the recovery of special fractions of material and tubings (2') for the recycling of special fractions, connection lines currents of matter being provided,   where appropriate, between these tubings.   3 Device according to any one of the   1 and 2, characterized in that the openings of   troduction (a) and the discharge openings (b) as well as the surfaces of the corresponding maximum sections (c) are different for a given part (1) or inside thereof.   4 Device according to any one of the   1 to 3, characterized in that the wall of the widening and narrowing pieces (1) has grooves   and / or ribs suitable for heat transfer.   Device according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a part (1) which widens and narrows each time comprises a common wall. THE W T ORÉ CABINET PATENT INVENT 1 N BRAND-Model 6, AVENUE DE ME 75008 P