DE19750983B4 - Plant and method for the separation of mixtures of different density - Google Patents

Abstract

Plant for the separation of mixtures of different density by means of a liquid separation medium by rising easier and sinking heavy fractions, with:
A stirring tank (17) for producing a mixture of the mixture of substances and the separation medium,
At least one separation tank (1),
A separation unit (3) arranged in the central area of the separation tank (1) through which the mixture is introduced into the separation tank (1), the separation unit (3) being formed from two opposing cones, namely an upper and a lower cone (6 , 7), wherein the mixture enters centrically through one of the cones (6, 7),
- outlet pipes (14, 15) at the top and bottom of the separation tank (1),
At least one device for freeing the thus separated fractions from the separation medium,
characterized in that
in the separation container (1) a first and a second baffle (4, 5) are provided, which are arranged horizontally, the cones (6, 7) between them and record a ...

Description

The amount of waste of all kinds is increasing due to the increase of the population. The treatment in landfills leads to a large area requirement. The location near villages causes nuisance from ammonia vapors and health damage from spreading fungi and spores. Waste incineration for the disposal of waste materials in incinerators causes CO ₂ as exhaust gas and creates slags that have to be dumped for themselves. If waste materials from plastics are burned, this produces toxic gases and CO ₂ , which pollute the atmosphere.

Provided such waste materials are sorted out and deposited, form these Volume an environmental impact or these are unstable and become slowly biodegrades. This is especially true for packaging material made of plastics with adherent food residues, as well Milk cup.

Of the The prior art has made numerous attempts to plastics as mixtures of substances for the purpose of recycling.

The DE 28 27 335 A1 describes, for example, a funnel-shaped separation device with a central agitator and separation of plastic particles heated up to 200 ° C. Problems with this device appear to be that the agitator causes a turbulent flow against Absetzbleche in the middle part of the hopper and the heating of the separation medium leads to a change in specific gravity. Especially with multilayer plastic objects, the achievable degree of separation is hardly sufficient.

The DD 256 049 A3 describes a process for the treatment of "plastic waste". In this method, a funnel-shaped separating device is also used, which has in the upper part of the task of the material to be separated baffles. Also in this method, the purity of the separated fractions is hardly sufficient.

The FR 25 73 340 describes a process for the preparation of plastic material after separation of paper with an intensive stirrer. It will be plastic particles in a cylindrical tube with a narrowing below the inlet tube by generating a zone with reduced flow rate in a light, floating and a heavy, sinking fraction separated. In another constructive training to be done in, with the two tops of successive funnels a separation. This is to be effected in that the separation space has parallel, vertical partitions, which also represent tubular separation surfaces. On the circular dividing line of the two funnels should form a small volume of a calming zone. However, this zone is flowed through in a horizontal direction by the incoming and outgoing separation medium. This device only allows the separation of plastics which, due to their chemical composition, have larger differences in their specific weights. However, only an insufficient degree of separation and no single-grade product is achieved. The achievable varietal purity is hardly sufficient. The enforcement capacity is low in this device.

The publication Kunststoffe, 74/1984, page 189, right column, lines 9-13 of below, confirms that such Separations according to the state of the art in swimming and sinking method have proven to be susceptible to interference in practical continuous use.

From the DE 42 09 277 A1 is a separation unit with an eccentrically arranged in a cylindrical tube stirrer known. By a final plate with channel-shaped, perpendicular to the pipe outlet openings a sudden reduction of the flow velocity to be effected. But even with this working in the floating and sinking device a sufficiently pure separation with sufficient throughput is hardly achievable.

From Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technology, 4th Edition, Volume 2, Process Engineering I, 1972, page 77 is a Aufstromklassierer known, which is equipped with a movable gooseneck for changing the bed height. The classifier is designed so that the free feed flows out through an inverted funnel and changes the flow direction upwards and downwards when flowing over this closed-top container. The classifier is used to separate mud from kaolin. It is intended to separate a fine fraction from a coarse fraction, but not fractions of different densities. Only the bedthö hey, but not the exit amount is controlled by the gooseneck.

From the EP 0 557 816 A2 , according to which the preambles of the independent claims have been formed, a plant for the separation of mixtures of different density by means of a liquid separation medium by rising easier and descending heavy fractions is known, comprising: a Einrührbehälter for preparing a mixture of the mixture and the separation medium; at least one separation vessel; a separating unit arranged in the middle region of the separating tank, through which the mixture is introduced into the separating tank, wherein the separating aggregate is made up of two opposing cones, namely an upper and a lower cone, the mixture entering centrally through one of the cones; Discharge lines at the top and bottom of the separation vessel; and at least one means for freeing the thus separated fractions from the separation medium. This proposal has not come out on an experimental scale on an experimental stage. It has been shown in practice that it is not possible to achieve adequate separation of substances at an acceptable throughput.

Of the Invention is based on the object, systems and methods for To provide separation of mixtures of different densities, with little effort improvements in varietal purity and throughput can be achieved.

These Task is solved by a plant according to the preamble of claim 1, which is characterized in that in the separation vessel first and a second baffle are provided, which are horizontal are arranged to receive the cone between them and one side outward directed flow space for the Forming mixture, and that between the horizontal Guiding plates are arranged several vertical calming plates. Surprisingly has been shown that the characteristic measure a significant improvement in the purity of the variety Separation can be achieved.

Preferably is a device for controlling the through the lower discharge line taken amount provided (claim 2). Preferably, the Control of the amount withdrawn through the lower discharge line without cross-sectional reduction of the outlet line (claim 3). In particular, the lower discharge line as a flexible hose be formed, which can be raised and lowered to control the amount of discharge is arranged (claim 4).

At the upper end of the separation tank is advantageous an overflow device arranged, which adjoins the upper outlet power (claim 5). By selectively controlling the amount taken out below the height of the liquid level in the separation tank - and with it indirectly the above over the overflow device overflowing Quantity - controlled.

Preferably ends a line for the transfer of produced in the stirred tank Mix in the separation tank laterally in the Einrührbehälter (claim 6).

Regarding the method claims (Claims 7-12) is based on the above directed to the various embodiments of the plant.

The Invention will now be described with reference to embodiments and the Drawing closer explained. In the drawing show:

1 a separation vessel in cross section;

2 a side view of the separation vessel of 1 with a flexible hose for controlling the amount removed below;

3 a Einrührbehälter in cross section;

4 a schematic representation of a plant for the separation of mixtures.

The embodiments use the technical effect of generating a laminar flow flow through the design of a "separation unit". This has two parallel, horizontal te separating plates, between which the liquid phase preferably flows from below through a wide pipe. On these dividers are two opposing pointed cones, with a close distance, such as 4 cm, arranged, which do not touch with the tips. The introduction of the liquid phase takes place from below through a wide inlet pipe. The laminar flow required for the separation is provided by an upper and a lower, parallel baffle in combination with a plurality of calming plates (US Pat. 29 ). These sheets form a defined geometric space. Only after leaving this room at the end of the two dividing plates does the technical effect of the practically sharp separating cut occur due to the rise of the specifically lighter and a sinking of the specifically heavier fractions.

The defined geometric space formed by the two partitions leads to a laminar flow flow to the sides. The separation of the material particles takes place after exiting from the geometric space, by several symmetrical, vertical, between the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) attached calming sheets ( 29 ), by raising the light fraction and by sinking the heavier fractions.

If the space between the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) would be too small, no adequate guidance of the liquid phase would take place in a laminar flow. If the room were too big, then a turbulent flow could develop.

Too small a diameter of the introduction tube ( 2 ) leads to a higher flow rate, whereby the formation of the laminar flow of the particles in the liquid phase is adversely affected.

The diameter of the inlet tube ( 2 ) and the diameters of the upper ( 15 ) and lower ( 14 ) Outlet lines are the same, whereby the flow is uniform. A narrow gap is formed between the opposing pointed cones. Without a gap or too small a gap, the laminar flow of the homogeneous mixture in the liquid phase is adversely affected, thereby deteriorating the separation effect.

A flexible hose ( 12 ) allows according to the principle of communicating tubes lifting and lowering the liquid level of the liquid phase in the separation vessel ( 1 ). If the fraction of the light fraction is much higher, is through the upper drain by increased height adjustment of the flexible hose ( 12 ) more material than through the lower reaches. If, however, the flexible hose ( 12 ) is lowered, so more specifically heavier material is carried out by the separation medium. The discharge is therefore also on the structural design of the separation vessel ( 1 ) at different contents of fractions through the flexible hose as a design element controllable.

It is understood by the terms:
liquid separation medium or liquid phase: the liquid whose specific gravity is between the specific weights of the substances to be separated.

Fraction: This designates the separated substances with different specific Weight.

Pure fraction: refers to separated substances of the same chemical composition.

Particle: Designates pieces of material as granules or as regrind.

Separating unit: separating device ( 3 ) with constructive training to produce the laminar flow.

In the figures are the various elements with the following reference numerals characterized:

1

separation vessel

2

pipeline

3

separating unit

4

upper Sheet metal, baffle

5

lower Sheet metal, baffle

6

Oberer cone

7

lower cone

8th

cone angle

9

cylindrical partial device

10

Upper conical sub-device

11

Lower conical sub-device

12

flexible hose connection

13

liftable and lowering device

14

Valve

15

drain pipe

16

Overflow box

17

conical mixing tank

18

agitator

19

Einrührer

20

Outlet connecting line to the separation stage

21

inlet tube

22

exit slide for foreign goods

23

Siebentwässerung headwaters

24

filter

25

buffer pool

26

Siebentwässerung underflow

27

filter

28

Return line separation medium

29

sedative sheets

30

Return line

31

centrifuge

32

pipeline

Advantageously, the length of the separating plates ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) to the diameter of the cylindrical part ( 9 ) of the separation tank ( 1 ) has a ratio of 0.4-0.6, preferably 0.47-0.50, as with a length of the dividing plates of 900 mm to the diameter of the cylindrical part ( 9 ) of 1,900 mm.

Advantageously, the diameter of the upper and lower outlet of the liquid separating medium is the diameter of the inlet pipe ( 2 ) equal, preferably 100 mm.

In the embodiments of the method explained below, there is a functional interaction between the structural design of the separating device as a separating unit with the parallel guide surfaces with a plurality of vertically mounted stabilizing plates (US Pat. 29 ) with the laminar flow of the liquid phase of the separation medium to effect the separation cut of the particles and the control of the lower discharge amount, e.g. B. by the structural arrangement of the flexible tube for raising and lowering the level of the liquid phase to effect the change in the amounts (volume), the exit of the liquid phase. The method works without the use of valves which would automatically cause cross-sectional reduction of the flow when closing, causing accumulations of material in front of the valve leading to blockages.

• 1. Einführen des zu trennenden, zerkleinerten Stoffgemisches, insbesondere aus Kunststoffgemischen, über das Einleitungsrohr (32) in das durch das Einleitungsrohr (21) getrennt eingeleitete flüssige Trennmedium in einen unten konischen, bereits gefluteten Einrührbehälter (17) in konstanter Menge einer Konzentration von 10–20, vorzugsweise von 10–15 Gewichtsprozent, auf die flüssige Phase gerechnet, Vermischen zu einer homogenen Mischung mittels eines Rührwerkes (18) mit einer Rührwelle mit ein oder mehreren Einrührern (19), wie Rührpropeller mit verstellbaren Rührblättern, wobei die Rührgeschwindigkeit so eingestellt wird, daß Verunreinigungen, wie aus Metallteilen und Fremdstoffen, in den konischen, unteren Teil absinken und die homogene Mischung in laminarer Strömung kontinuierlich seitlich, etwa in der Mitte durch die Austrittsverbindungsleitung (20) einfließt und Verunreinigungen durch einen Austrittsschieber (22) periodisch abgezogen werden,
• 2. Eintreten des homogenen Stoffgemisches in einen Trennbehälter (1), der aus einem zylindrischen Teil (9) und einem oberen (10) und einem unteren (11) konischen Teil gebildet ist, durch eine Rohrleitung (2) dicht oberhalb des unteren konischen Teiles (10), die in der Mitte des zylindrischen Teiles (9) senkrecht nach unten gebogen ausgebildet ist, aus dieser frei austretend in ein Trennaggregat (3) eintritt, das einen geometrischen Raum bildet und aus einem oberen (4) und einem unteren (5) runden oder kreisförmigen Trennblech gebildet ist, auf denen obere (6) und untere (7) Kegel mit einem Abstand angeordnet sind, mit einem Kegelwinkel (8) von 100–130°, vorzugsweise von 120°, und die Kegel mit den Spitzen eng aufeinanderstehen zum Bewirken turbulenzfreier Führung des homogenen Gemisches im flüssigen Trennmedium, und dadurch das in den gefluteten Trennbehälter (1) ohne Verwirbelung in Kombination mit mehreren senkrechten Beruhigungsblechen (2) ein tretende, homogene Stoffgemisch mit einer laminaren Fließgeschwindigkeit einen Trennschnitt der Komponenten mit unterschiedlichem spezifischem Gewicht (g/cm³) bewirkt und erst am Ende der Trennbleche (4) und (5) die Stoffpartikel einer zerkleinerten Korngröße von 10–50, vorzugsweise 20–30 mm, aufsteigen oder absinken in die konischen Teile (10) und (11) des Trennbehälters (1) und dadurch eine Stofftrennung in eine leichte und eine oder mehrere schwere Fraktionen bewirkt wird, und eine Regelung der flüssigen Phase mit den getrennten Fraktionen mittels eines flexiblen Schlauches (12) durch das geöffnete Ventil (14) erfolgen kann, der durch einen Flaschenzug (13) oder einen Spindelantrieb höhenverstellbar ist, derart, daß die obere Krümmung des Schlauches (12) als kommunizierende Röhre die gleiche Höhe mit dem Flüssigkeitsspiegel in dem Trennbehälter (1) einstellt und die leichte Fraktion am oberen konischen Teil (10) durch das Ableitungsrohr (15) mit dem darin angeordneten Überlaufkasten (16) austritt und die schwere Fraktion oder Fraktionen im unteren konischen Teil (11) des Trennbehälters (1) austritt und die getrennten Fraktionen durch Siebentwässerung (23) und (26) und über Filter (24) und (27) von der flüssigen Phase abgetrennt werden und diese in ein Pufferbecken (25) fließt und aus diesem das flüssige Trennmedium über eine Rückführleitung (28) in den Einrührbehälter (17) recycliert wird, und die getrennten Fraktionen zentrifugiert oder über Hydrocyclone von einer Restmenge an flüssiger Phase und gegebenenfalls durch eine Nachtrocknung befreit werden und danach den Silos zur weiteren Verwendung zugeführt werden und beim Stillstand der Anlage das untere Ventil (14) geschlossen wird und dadurch der Trennbehälter (1) gefüllt bleibt bis zum Wiederanfahren des Durchsatzes an Stoffgemisch.

An embodiment of the process for the separation of mixtures of different specific weights of the components by means of a separation medium in liquid phase can be carried out with the following process steps:

• 1. introducing the comminuted, comminuted substance mixture, in particular from plastic mixtures, via the inlet tube ( 32 ) into which through the inlet pipe ( 21 ) separately introduced liquid separation medium into a bottom conical, already flooded Einrührbehälter ( 17 ) in a constant amount of a concentration of 10-20, preferably of 10-15 weight percent, calculated on the liquid phase, mixing to a homogeneous mixture by means of a stirrer ( 18 ) with a stirring shaft with one or more stirrers ( 19 ), such as stirring propeller with adjustable stirring blades, wherein the stirring speed is adjusted so that impurities, such as metal parts and foreign matter, sink into the conical lower part and the homogeneous mixture in laminar flow continuously laterally, approximately in the middle through the outlet connection line ( 20 ) and impurities through a discharge slider ( 22 ) are subtracted periodically,
• 2. Entry of the homogenous substance mixture into a separation vessel ( 1 ), which consists of a cylindrical part ( 9 ) and an upper ( 10 ) and a lower ( 11 ) conical part is formed by a pipeline ( 2 ) just above the lower conical part ( 10 ) located in the middle of the cylindrical part ( 9 ) is bent vertically downwards, from this freely emerging into a separation unit ( 3 ) enters, the one geometric space forms and from an upper ( 4 ) and a lower ( 5 ) round or circular separating plate is formed, on which upper ( 6 ) and lower ( 7 ) Cones are arranged at a distance, with a cone angle ( 8th ) of 100-130 °, preferably 120 °, and the cones with the tips are close together to effect turbulence-free guidance of the homogeneous mixture in the liquid separation medium, and thereby into the flooded separation vessel ( 1 ) without turbulence in combination with several vertical stabilizing plates ( 2 ) a passing, homogeneous mixture with a laminar flow rate causes a separation cut of the components with different specific gravity (g / cm ³ ) and only at the end of the dividing plates ( 4 ) and (5) the particles of a comminuted particle size of 10-50, preferably 20-30 mm, rise or fall into the conical parts ( 10 ) and ( 11 ) of the separation tank ( 1 ) and thereby a separation of substances into a light and one or more heavy fractions is effected, and a regulation of the liquid phase with the separated fractions by means of a flexible hose ( 12 ) through the open valve ( 14 ) can be made by a pulley ( 13 ) or a spindle drive is adjustable in height, such that the upper curvature of the hose ( 12 ) as the communicating tube the same height with the liquid level in the separation vessel ( 1 ) and the light fraction at the upper conical part ( 10 ) through the discharge pipe ( 15 ) with the overflow box ( 16 ) and the heavy fraction or fractions in the lower conical part ( 11 ) of the separation tank ( 1 ) and separating the separated fractions by drainage ( 23 ) and ( 26 ) and via filters ( 24 ) and ( 27 ) are separated from the liquid phase and placed in a buffer tank ( 25 ) flows and from this the liquid separation medium via a return line ( 28 ) in the stirred tank ( 17 ) and the separated fractions are centrifuged or freed via hydrocyclones of a residual amount of liquid phase and optionally by a post-drying and then fed to the silos for further use and at standstill of the system, the lower valve ( 14 ) is closed and thereby the separation tank ( 1 ) remains filled until the start of the flow rate of mixture.

Advantageously, the outflow direction and the amount of the liquid separation medium at the upper outlet ( 15 ) and / or at the lower exit ( 14 ) by adjusting a variable height of the flexible hose ( 12 ) by changing the height of the communicating liquid level in the separation tank ( 1 ) causes.

As a separation medium are advantageously water or inorganic salts dissolved in water, such as NaCl, KCl, MgSO ₄ with a setting of different specific weights (g / cm ³ ) between 1.1-1.4 or from water and water-miscible, organic liquids, such as isopropyl alcohol at 0.80-0.98 (g / cm ³ ), and the adjusted specific gravity of the liquid separation medium is set between the specific gravity of the light fraction and the heavy fraction.

To Separation of the light fraction will be advantageous in further separating containers in the same way one or more heavy fractions of each separated lighter fraction, further treated in the same way and executed.

The Comminution of the mixture is advantageously carried out by extrusion to the granules or by grinding to the millbase.

Separated are used e.g. shredded mixtures such as ores, coal of gangue or metals, such as aluminum of iron, or immiscible liquids with different specific gravity, like water and oils.

organic Mixtures of substances such as PE, PS, PVC, PET with the specific weights 0.96; 1.05; 1.30; 1.31 can in several stages in separation tanks be separated into pure fractions.

For example, in a plant with the size of the separation vessel ( 1 ) with dimensions: total height 4m; Diameter of the cylindrical part 1.90 m; Height of the cylindrical part at least 2 m with a Durchsatzka capacity of 1-2 t / h of imported plastic mixture carried a separation into virtually pure fractions.

The plant advantageously comprises a conical stirred tank ( 17 ) with inlet pipe ( 21 ) for introducing the substance mixture with separation medium via the inlet tube ( 32 ) and comminuted mixture, a stirrer ( 18 ) with stirrer shaft and stirrers ( 19 ), as with stirring propellers with adjustable stirring blades to produce a homogeneous mixture and a discharge connection line ( 20 ) for the exit of the homogeneous mixture on one side of the cylindrical part ( 22 ) and a discharge gate ( 22 ) at the lower end of the conical part for the periodic removal of foreign matter as impurities and these further from a separation vessel ( 1 ) from the cylindrical part ( 9 ) and an upper ( 10 ) and a lower conical Part ( 11 ), in which a separation unit ( 3 ) is arranged, which forms a geometric space through the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) is limited and on the baffles cone as upper ( 6 ) and lower ( 7 ) Cones with the tips with only a small distance, as of about 4-5 cm, facing each other. At the outer edge of the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) are vertical calming plates ( 29 ), whereby through the curved pipeline ( 2 ) from below through the lower cone ( 7 ) the homogeneous mixture enters centrically and flows through these sheets in a laminar flow rate and at the round, preferably circular end of the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) the separating cut occurs and the specific lighter fraction via the discharge tube ( 15 ) with overflow box ( 16 ) and at the lower end the specific heavier fractions or fractions through the valve ( 14 ) and the raised and lowered, flexible hose ( 12 ) and the separation unit ( 3 ) in the cylindrical part ( 9 ) is attached constructively and the separated fractions for separating the liquid separation medium with the specific lighter fraction on the screening device ( 23 ) and with the specific heavier fraction on the screening device ( 26 ) and then via filters ( 24 ) and ( 27 ) and transfer the separating medium into a buffer tank ( 25 ) flows and from this via a return line ( 28 ) in the stirred tank ( 17 ) and the separated fractions optionally via centrifuge ( 31 ) and / or dried by heating device and then silos are fed and optionally further to be separated heavy fractions through the pipeline ( 32 ) in the second stirred tank ( 17 ).

On the circular edge of the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ), in particular 12-15 calming sheets ( 29 ) evenly radially arranged and welded, in parallel, vertical arrangement between the baffles ( 4 ) and ( 5 ).

The system can have the following dimensions, for example:
Diameter of the cylindrical part ( 9 ) 1900 mm,
Diameter of the separating unit ( 3 ) 900 mm,
Diameter of the cones ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) 500 mm,
Angle tips of the cones about 120 °,
Distance of the tips of the cones 4 - 6 , preferably 4 cm,
Height of the parallel baffles ( 4 ) and (5) about 300 mm,
Diameter of the pipeline ( 2 ) about 110 mm,
Width of the calming sheets ( 2 ) about 100 mm with edge distance of about 20 mm.

The separations of specific lighter substances and specific heavier substances takes place in the liquid separation medium in the separation unit ( 3 ); this is done by parallel, eg round or circular or angular surfaces ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) formed in a defined, open space to the sides; on the surfaces in the interior are opposing conical bodies ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) arranged to adjust the flow direction of the liquid phase. Between the surfaces a plurality of vertical, radial, symmetrically arranged guide elements can be fastened for guiding the laminar flow. When leaving the ends of the parallel surfaces, the separation cut is effected, the specific lighter fraction flows on and the specific heavier fraction or fractions in the separation medium sink and exit at the upper and lower outlet openings. The separation medium is separated and recycled, the fractions are freed from residual water and fed to the silos. The separation unit ( 3 ) is centrally in the separation tank ( 1 ) arranged; this one has a pipeline ( 2 ) for the introduction of the homogeneous mixture, as well as outlets for the separate fractions with the separation medium.

Example:

Into the stirred tank ( 17 ) is the approximately 10-30 mm crushed plastic mixture, provenance "Green Dot", through the inlet tube ( 21 ) in a concentration of about 10% (kg plastic / kg separating medium) and with the stirrer ( 19 ) is homogenized with adjustable stirring blades with water as separation medium.

The homogeneous mixture is continuously fed at a rate of 1-1.2 t / h over the curved pipeline ( 2 ) in the already flooded separation medium ( 1 ).

It occurs in the separation unit ( 3 ) in laminar flow through the baffles ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) the separation effect.

Upon exiting the imaginary geometric space, the separation of substances takes place in a specific lighter, ascending and in a sinking, specifically heavier fraction. These factions will be on the Seven ( 23 ) and ( 26 ) and the filters ( 24 ) and ( 27 ) separated from the water as a liquid phase. It If necessary, a drainage with a centrifuge.

The effluent water as separation medium is in the buffer tank ( 25 ) and from this into the separation tank ( 1 ) recycled.

The following fractions have been separated:

The residual fractions can be separated in the same way with a MgSO ₄ solution as a separation medium.

The procedure with the plant for its implementation offers the following advantages:
Avoidance of disposal of waste by landfilling or incineration; Production of valuable materials for reuse from mixtures by separation of the components in fractions, such as pure fractions, processing of organic waste from households and from industrial production to recyclables. The process has a high efficiency through the recovery of substances with low use of resources. It does not lead to environmental pollution from gaseous, liquid or solid waste materials that do not arise. The method has the advantage that the liquid separation medium is recycled. If aqueous solutions were to be removed from them, they contain no toxic compounds, but only salts that are nutrients.

Claims (12)

Plant for the separation of mixtures of different density by means of a liquid separation medium by rising easier and sinking heavy fractions, comprising: - a stirred tank ( 17 ) for producing a mixture of the mixture of substances and of the separation medium, - at least one separation vessel ( 1 ), - one in the middle region of the separation vessel ( 1 ) arranged separating unit ( 3 ), through which the mixture in the separation tank ( 1 ) is introduced, wherein the separation unit ( 3 ) of two opposing cones, namely an upper and a lower cone ( 6 . 7 ), wherein the mixture is centric through one of the cones ( 6 . 7 ), - outlet lines ( 14 . 15 ) at the top and bottom of the separation tank ( 1 ), - at least one device for freeing the thus separated fractions of the separation medium, characterized in that in the separation vessel ( 1 ) a first and a second baffle ( 4 . 5 ) are provided, which are arranged horizontally, the cone ( 6 . 7 ) between them and form a laterally outwardly directed flow space for the exiting mixture, and between the horizontal baffles ( 4 . 5 ) several vertical calming plates ( 29 ) are arranged. Plant according to Claim 1, with a device for controlling the flow through the lower discharge line ( 14 ) taken amount. Installation according to claim 2, which is designed so that the control of the through the lower outlet line ( 14 ) taken amount without cross-sectional reduction of the outlet line ( 14 ) he follows. Plant according to Claim 3, in which the lower outlet line ( 14 ) is designed as a flexible hose, which is arranged to control the amount of discharge hebund lowered. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at the upper end of the separation vessel ( 1 ) an overflow device ( 16 ) is arranged, to which the upper outlet line ( 15 ). Installation according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a line for transferring the in the stirred tank ( 17 ) prepared in the separation vessel ( 1 ) laterally in the stirred tank ( 17 ) opens. A method for the separation of mixtures of different density by means of a liquid separation medium by rising easier and descending heavy fractions, comprising the following steps: - preparing a mixture of the mixture and the separation medium by stirring the substance mixture in the separation medium in a Einrührbehälter ( 17 ), - introducing the mixture into a separation vessel ( 1 ) via a separating unit ( 3 ), which consists of two opposing cones, namely an upper and a lower cone ( 6 . 7 ), wherein the mixture is centric through one of the cones ( 6 . 7 ), - removing the lighter fractions of the substance mixture together with separation medium at the top of the separation vessel ( 1 ) via an upper outlet line ( 15 ) and the heavier fractions at the bottom of the separation tank ( 1 ) via a lower outlet line ( 14 ), - freeing the thus separated fractions of the separation medium, characterized in that the mixture after insertion into the separation vessel ( 1 ) between a first and a second horizontal baffle, which the cones ( 6 . 7 ) between them, laterally outwards and between the horizontal baffles ( 4 . 5 ) vertical stabilizing sheets ( 29 ) flows. Process according to claim 7, in which the bottom of the separation vessel ( 1 ) amount is controlled. A method according to claim 8, wherein the control of the bottom of the separation vessel ( 1 ) withdrawn amount without cross-sectional reduction of the outlet line ( 14 ) he follows. A method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the control of the bottom of the separation vessel ( 1 ) amount removed by lifting and lowering a lower outlet line ( 14 ) forming, flexible hose takes place. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein with the control of the bottom of the separation vessel ( 1 ) amount also the liquid level in the separation vessel ( 1 ) is set, so that thereby the top of the separation vessel ( 1 ) via an overflow device arranged there ( 16 ) running amount is affected. Method according to one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the mixture laterally from the Einrührbehälter ( 17 ) is removed, so that in the stirred tank ( 17 ) sinking down parts not into the separation tank ( 1 ) are transferred.