FR2509236A1 - Transmission for all-wheel drive, cross-country vehicle - comprises propeller shaft which drives another one via torque limiting mechanism in gearbox - Google Patents

Transmission for all-wheel drive, cross-country vehicle - comprises propeller shaft which drives another one via torque limiting mechanism in gearbox Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2509236A1
FR2509236A1 FR8113560A FR8113560A FR2509236A1 FR 2509236 A1 FR2509236 A1 FR 2509236A1 FR 8113560 A FR8113560 A FR 8113560A FR 8113560 A FR8113560 A FR 8113560A FR 2509236 A1 FR2509236 A1 FR 2509236A1
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FR
France
Prior art keywords
transmission
torque
limiting mechanism
gearbox
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
FR8113560A
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French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Chometon
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BEREX
Original Assignee
BEREX
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BEREX filed Critical BEREX
Priority to FR8113560A priority Critical patent/FR2509236A1/en
Publication of FR2509236A1 publication Critical patent/FR2509236A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D7/00—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock
    • F16D7/02—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock of the friction type
    • F16D7/024—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock of the friction type with axially applied torque limiting friction surfaces
    • F16D7/028—Slip couplings, e.g. slipping on overload, for absorbing shock of the friction type with axially applied torque limiting friction surfaces with conical friction surfaces

Abstract

The transmission system is designed for an all-wheel drive vehicle. It comprises at least two propeller shafts (3,12), each independently driving a differential (6,9). One of the propeller shafts (3) is driven directly by the gearbox (2), whilst the other propeller shaft (12) is driven by the first one via an automatic torque limiting mechanism (16). The torque limiting mechanism (16) is pref. a friction device containing springs which can transmit at most the engine torque taking into account the rolling resistance of the differential (9).

Description

Dispositif de transmission pour un véhicule a plusieurs essieux moteurs.Transmission device for a vehicle with several driving axles.

L'invention concerne la transmission de la puissance motrice dans un véhicule a plusieurs essieux moteurs, en particulier un véhicule tout terrain å quatre roues motrices. The invention relates to the transmission of motive power in a multi-axle vehicle, in particular an all-terrain four-wheel drive vehicle.

On sait que sur un véhicule il est souhaitable, pour l'adhérence et la sécurité, que toutes les roues soient motrices. Cela entraîne cependant une difficulté importante du fait que, lors d'un virage sur route ou sur terrain adhérant, les roues suivent des trajectoires différentes, et par suite le différentiel de l'essieu avant tourne å une vitesse différente de celle du différentiel de l'essieu arrière. We know that on a vehicle it is desirable, for grip and safety, that all the wheels are driven. This however causes a significant difficulty in that, during a turn on road or on adhering terrain, the wheels follow different paths, and consequently the differential of the front axle rotates at a different speed from that of the differential of the 'rear axle.

Une solution rigoureuse de ce problème cinématique consiste à entraîner l'arbre de transmission avant et l'arbre de transmission arrière par l'intermédiaire d'un troisième différentiel recevant la puissance de la botte de vitesses. Une telle solution est cependant onéreuse, et en outre la perte d'adhérence d'une seule des roues suffit a immobiliser le véhicule. I1 est donc nécessaire de lui adjoindre un dispositif de blocage du différentiel central actionné par une commande manuelle. Naturellement, dans ce cas le conducteur doit bloquer ce différentiel central lors des manoeuvres sur terrain glissant, et le débloquer lors des manoeuvres en courbe sur terrain adhérant.En cas d'erreur ou de retard dans cette manoeuvre de dégagement, le couple important prenant naissance entre les deux arbres de transmission peut produire des rupture de pièces, en particulier du différentiel central. A rigorous solution to this kinematic problem consists in driving the front drive shaft and the rear drive shaft by means of a third differential receiving the power of the gear boot. Such a solution is however expensive, and in addition the loss of grip of only one of the wheels is sufficient to immobilize the vehicle. It is therefore necessary to add to it a central differential locking device actuated by a manual control. Naturally, in this case the driver must block this central differential during maneuvers on slippery ground, and unlock it during cornering maneuvers on sticking ground.In case of error or delay in this disengagement maneuver, the significant torque taking birth between the two drive shafts can cause breakage of parts, especially of the central differential.

Une autre solution plus simple consiste a n'entraîner en permanence que l'arbre de transmission d'un seul des essieux, en prévoyant un dispositif de crabotage qui permet d'accoupler l'autre arbre de transmission au premier sur terrain glissant. Another simpler solution consists in permanently driving only the drive shaft of only one of the axles, by providing a dog clutch device which makes it possible to couple the other drive shaft to the first on slippery ground.

Dans ce cas encore, il est nécessaire de prévoir une commande manuelle de ce crabotage, et en cas d'oubli ou de retard dans la manoeuvre de décrabotage, les couples importants qui prennent naissance entre les deux arbres de transmission peuvent entraîner des ruptures de ces arbres, ou à un niveau plus faible produire un couple suffisamment important sur le crabot pour empêcher son désengagement manuel.In this case also, it is necessary to provide a manual control of this dog clutch, and in case of forgetting or delay in the clutch maneuver, the significant torques which arise between the two transmission shafts can cause breaks in these trees, or at a lower level produce enough torque on the dog to prevent manual disengagement.

Le but de l'invention est d'éviter les inconvénients qui précèdent en réalisant un dispositif de transmission pour un véhicule à plusieurs essieux moteur qui soit entièrement automatique, c'est-a-dire qui ne nécessite aucune commande manuelle, qui néanmoins assure l'adherence totale sur les divers essieux, de manière que le patinage d'une des roues d'un des essieux n'empêche pas à l'autre essieu de recevoir un couple, qui permette les virages sur sol adhérant sans dommage pour le mécanisme, et qui néamoins soit relativement simple et économique. The object of the invention is to avoid the above drawbacks by providing a transmission device for a vehicle with several driving axles which is fully automatic, that is to say which does not require any manual control, which nevertheless ensures the total adhesion to the various axles, so that the slip of one of the wheels of one of the axles does not prevent the other axle from receiving a torque, which allows turns on adhering ground without damage to the mechanism, and which is nevertheless relatively simple and economical.

L'invention consiste à transmettre le mouvement directement à l'un des arbres de transmission avant ou arrière, et à transmettre ensuite ce mouvement de l'un à l'autre des arbres de transmission par I'interméiaire d'un limiteur de couple réglé pour un couple au moins égal à la valeur du couple nécessaire, mais au plus égal à la valeur du couple pris en compte pour le calcul de sécurité des diverses pièces de la transmission. The invention consists in transmitting the movement directly to one of the front or rear transmission shafts, and then in transmitting this movement from one to the other of the transmission shafts via a regulated torque limiter for a torque at least equal to the value of the necessary torque, but at most equal to the value of the torque taken into account for the safety calculation of the various parts of the transmission.

D'autres particularités de l'invention apparattront dans la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation pris comme exemple et représenté sur le dessin annexé, sur lequel
la fig. 1 est un schéma d'ensemble de la transmission; et
la fig. 2 est une coupe axiale d'un exemple de réalisation du limiteur de couple.Other features of the invention will appear in the following description of an embodiment taken as an example and shown in the attached drawing, in which
fig. 1 is an overall diagram of the transmission; and
fig. 2 is an axial section of an exemplary embodiment of the torque limiter.

Le groupe motopropulseur est constitué d'un moteur 1 et d'une botte-pont 2 dont l'arbre de transmission 3 entraîne par un pignon 4 la couronne 5 du différentiel 6 de l'essieu 7, ce différentiel 6 étant contenu dans la boite-pont 2. Par ailleurs, le véhicule comporte un autre essieu moteur 8 comportant également un différentiel 9 dont la couronne 10 est attaquée par le pignon d'extrémite 11 d'un autre arbre de transmission 12 qui peut éventuellement comporter des cardans de transmission 13. Le moteur 1 et la boSte-pont 2 peuvent indifféremment être à l'avant ou à l'arrière du véhicule, et les roues directrices peuvent être indifféremment être celles de l'essieu 7 ou de l'essieu 8.  The powertrain consists of an engine 1 and a truss 2 whose transmission shaft 3 drives a pinion 4 the crown 5 of the differential 6 of the axle 7, this differential 6 being contained in the box -bridge 2. Furthermore, the vehicle comprises another driving axle 8 also comprising a differential 9, the crown 10 of which is driven by the end pinion 11 of another transmission shaft 12 which may optionally include transmission gimbals 13 The engine 1 and the transaxle 2 can be either at the front or at the rear of the vehicle, and the steered wheels can be either those of the axle 7 or of the axle 8.

Naturellement, les rapports de démultiplication des couples coniques 4-5 et 10-11 sont choisis en fonction du développement des pneumatiques des roues 14 et 15 de manière qu'en ligne droite et sur terrain adhérant les deux arbres 3 et 12 tournent à la même vitesse. Naturally, the gear ratios of the bevel couples 4-5 and 10-11 are chosen according to the development of the tires of the wheels 14 and 15 so that in a straight line and on ground adhering the two shafts 3 and 12 rotate at the same speed.

Dans un virage et sur sol adhérant, il en va tout autrement comme exposé plus haut. Pour éviter les difficultés rencontrées, on prévoit conformément à l'invention d'entraîner l'arbre de transmission 12 par l'arbre de transmission 3, qui reçoit directement le mouvement, par l'intermédiaire d'un limiteur de couple 16, qui peut avantageusement être disposé à l'intérieur de la boite-pont 2, mais qui pourrait éventuellement être disposé n'importe où entre 3 et 11. In a bend and on sticking ground, it is quite different as explained above. To avoid the difficulties encountered, provision is made in accordance with the invention to drive the transmission shaft 12 by the transmission shaft 3, which receives the movement directly, by means of a torque limiter 16, which can advantageously be placed inside the transaxle 2, but which could possibly be placed anywhere between 3 and 11.

Ce limiteur de couple peut être réalisé par un simple dispositif à friction comme dans l'exemple représenté sur la fig. 2. This torque limiter can be produced by a simple friction device as in the example shown in FIG. 2.

Dans celui-ci il est prévu à l'extrémité de l'arbre 3 un renflement 17 dans lequel est usiné un évidement conique 18 dans lequel vient s'emboîter un cône mâle 19 qui est lié en rotation à l'arbre de sortie 12, tandis qu'un ressort, constitué par un empilement de rondelles Belleville 20, prend appui sur un couvercle 21 fermant l'évidement conique 18 pour pousser le cône 19 par l'intermédiaire d'une rondelle d'appui 22, liée en rotation par rapport au renflement 17 mais libre axialement. La périphérie du renflement 17 comporte avantageusement des ailettes de refroidissement 23 pour dissiper la chaleur dégagée lors du glissement. In this, a bulge 17 is provided at the end of the shaft 3 in which a conical recess 18 is machined in which a male cone 19 is fitted which is linked in rotation to the output shaft 12, while a spring, constituted by a stack of Belleville washers 20, is supported on a cover 21 closing the conical recess 18 to push the cone 19 by means of a support washer 22, linked in rotation relative to at the bulge 17 but axially free. The periphery of the bulge 17 advantageously comprises cooling fins 23 for dissipating the heat released during the sliding.

L'ensemble est prévu et réglé de telle manière qu'entre l'arbre 3 et l'arbre 12 soit transmis un couple qui, dans tous les cas, est suffisant pour entraîner l'essieu 8. En cas de perte d'adhérence des roues avant 14, c'est évidemment ce seul couple qui est utilisé pour la propulsion du véhicule, c'est pourquoi il doit être en principe égal au minimum au couple moteur. Par contre, ce couple de glissement de l'accouplement 16 doit etre au plus égal à la valeur prise en compte pour le calcul de résistance des divers organes de la transmission allant d'un couple conique 4-5 à l'autre couple conique 10-11 en passant par les arbres -3 et 12 et les cardans 13, le tout naturellement avec les coefficients de sécurité usuels. The assembly is provided and adjusted in such a way that between the shaft 3 and the shaft 12 is transmitted a torque which, in all cases, is sufficient to drive the axle 8. In the event of loss of grip of the front wheels 14, it is obviously this only torque which is used for the propulsion of the vehicle, this is why it must in principle be equal to at least the engine torque. On the other hand, this sliding torque of the coupling 16 must be at most equal to the value taken into account for the calculation of resistance of the various transmission components going from a bevel torque 4-5 to the other bevel torque 10 -11 passing through shafts -3 and 12 and cardan shafts 13, all naturally with the usual safety coefficients.

De cette manière, lorsque le véhicule évolue en courbe serrée sur un sol adhérant, sans que le conducteur n'ait la moindre manoeuvre à effectuer, la légère différence de vitesse de rotation entre les arbres 3 et 12 ne peut produire aucun effet indésirable autre qu'un glissement du cône mâle 19 dans le logement conique 18, la faible quantité d'énergie correspondant à cette différence de mouvement étant transformée en chaleur qui est dissipée par les ailettes 23. In this way, when the vehicle is moving in a tight curve on an adhering ground, without the driver having the slightest maneuver to perform, the slight difference in speed of rotation between the shafts 3 and 12 cannot produce any undesirable effect other than a sliding of the male cone 19 in the conical housing 18, the small amount of energy corresponding to this difference in movement being transformed into heat which is dissipated by the fins 23.

L'ensemble selon l'invention est donc particulièrement simple et économique, d'un fonctionnement absolument automatique et offre toute sécurité dans tous les cas d'utilisation. The assembly according to the invention is therefore particularly simple and economical, of an absolutely automatic operation and offers complete security in all cases of use.

Naturellement la meme solution s'appliquerait à un véhicule comportant plus de deux essieux moteur en assurant de meme la transmission du mouvement aux essieux moteurs supplémentaires. Naturally, the same solution would apply to a vehicle comprising more than two driving axles while likewise ensuring the transmission of movement to the additional driving axles.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Dispositif de transmission pour un véhicule à plusieurs essieux moteurs (7, 8) du type comportant au moins deux arbres de transmission longitudinaux (3, 12) entraînant chacun séparément le pont à différentiel d'un des essieux, caractérisé par le fait que l'un (3) des arbres de transmission est entraîné directement par la boîte de vitesse du véhicule, tandis que l'autre arbre de transmission (12) est entraîné à partir du premier par l'intermédiaire d'un limiteur automatique de couple (16). 1. Transmission device for a vehicle with several driving axles (7, 8) of the type comprising at least two longitudinal drive shafts (3, 12) each driving separately the differential bridge of one of the axles, characterized in that one (3) of the drive shafts is driven directly by the vehicle gearbox, while the other drive shaft (12) is driven from the first by means of an automatic torque limiter ( 16). 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le limiteur de couple (16) est du type à friction avec des ressorts de serrage (20) qui sont tarés de telle manière que le couple transmis soit au moins le couple moteur et au plus le couple pris en compte pour le calcul de résistance des pièces de la transmission allant d'un pont à l'autre. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque limiter (16) is of the friction type with clamping springs (20) which are calibrated so that the transmitted torque is at least the engine torque and at most the torque taken into account for the calculation of resistance of the parts of the transmission going from one bridge to another. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif d'accouplement à friction est du type à accouplement conique réversible. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the friction coupling device is of the type with reversible conical coupling. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le ressort de serrage est constitué par un empilement de rondelles Belleville (20). 4. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clamping spring is constituted by a stack of Belleville washers (20). 5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé par le fait que le corps (17) du cône femelle (18) comporte extérieurement des ailettes de refroidissement (23).  5. Device according to one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the body (17) of the female cone (18) externally comprises cooling fins (23).
FR8113560A 1981-07-09 1981-07-09 Transmission for all-wheel drive, cross-country vehicle - comprises propeller shaft which drives another one via torque limiting mechanism in gearbox Pending FR2509236A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8113560A FR2509236A1 (en) 1981-07-09 1981-07-09 Transmission for all-wheel drive, cross-country vehicle - comprises propeller shaft which drives another one via torque limiting mechanism in gearbox

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8113560A FR2509236A1 (en) 1981-07-09 1981-07-09 Transmission for all-wheel drive, cross-country vehicle - comprises propeller shaft which drives another one via torque limiting mechanism in gearbox

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FR2509236A1 true FR2509236A1 (en) 1983-01-14

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2558117A1 (en) * 1984-01-12 1985-07-19 Dana Corp TORQUE LIMITING DEVICE
FR2623157A1 (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-19 Valat Eric Device for driving the front wheel of a motorised or non-motorised cycle, with a dog clutch for free wheel and a force-torque limiter
US5205373A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-04-27 Mazda Motor Corporation Structure of vehicle power train
EP0802084A1 (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-10-22 MEKRA Lang GmbH & Co. KG Transmission unit

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE392566A (en) *
US2185636A (en) * 1936-09-23 1940-01-02 Karl D Kysor Torque release device for fourwheel drives
US2268373A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-12-30 Goodman Mfg Co Overload release clutch
FR1170417A (en) * 1957-03-29 1959-01-14 Selene S A S Four-wheel drive tractor with end of differential shaft power take-off
US3648483A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-03-14 Gen Electric Overload friction coupling
US3656573A (en) * 1969-06-05 1972-04-18 Borg Warner Plural output path torque transmitting mechanism with slip clutch
US3902334A (en) * 1974-02-13 1975-09-02 Compensating Tension Controls Constant torque clutch
DE2414135A1 (en) * 1974-03-23 1975-10-09 Rudolf Betzing Combination coupling with flexible and friction element - has adjustable friction load on taper sleeve for varying torque transmission

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE392566A (en) *
US2185636A (en) * 1936-09-23 1940-01-02 Karl D Kysor Torque release device for fourwheel drives
US2268373A (en) * 1939-11-10 1941-12-30 Goodman Mfg Co Overload release clutch
FR1170417A (en) * 1957-03-29 1959-01-14 Selene S A S Four-wheel drive tractor with end of differential shaft power take-off
US3656573A (en) * 1969-06-05 1972-04-18 Borg Warner Plural output path torque transmitting mechanism with slip clutch
US3648483A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-03-14 Gen Electric Overload friction coupling
US3902334A (en) * 1974-02-13 1975-09-02 Compensating Tension Controls Constant torque clutch
DE2414135A1 (en) * 1974-03-23 1975-10-09 Rudolf Betzing Combination coupling with flexible and friction element - has adjustable friction load on taper sleeve for varying torque transmission

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2558117A1 (en) * 1984-01-12 1985-07-19 Dana Corp TORQUE LIMITING DEVICE
FR2623157A1 (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-19 Valat Eric Device for driving the front wheel of a motorised or non-motorised cycle, with a dog clutch for free wheel and a force-torque limiter
US5205373A (en) * 1990-03-09 1993-04-27 Mazda Motor Corporation Structure of vehicle power train
EP0802084A1 (en) * 1996-04-16 1997-10-22 MEKRA Lang GmbH & Co. KG Transmission unit
US6283863B1 (en) 1996-04-16 2001-09-04 Mekra Lang Gmbh & Co. Kg Drive unit

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