FR2504247A1 - House with integral solar heating - has one or more collectors accumulating heat in foamed concrete foundations - Google Patents

House with integral solar heating - has one or more collectors accumulating heat in foamed concrete foundations Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2504247A1
FR2504247A1 FR8108151A FR8108151A FR2504247A1 FR 2504247 A1 FR2504247 A1 FR 2504247A1 FR 8108151 A FR8108151 A FR 8108151A FR 8108151 A FR8108151 A FR 8108151A FR 2504247 A1 FR2504247 A1 FR 2504247A1
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Prior art keywords
house
tubes
heat
solar
heating
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FR8108151A
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French (fr)
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Priority to FR8108151A priority Critical patent/FR2504247A1/en
Publication of FR2504247A1 publication Critical patent/FR2504247A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/006—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses air heating system
    • F24D11/007—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses air heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/15—Wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The heat store is defined by foundations (1) which are deepened, enlarged and made to be heat insulating by using foamed concrete. The tubes (2,3) for circulating the warmed air are placed on the ground before the foundations are excavated and the material removed from the excavations (4) is placed over the tubes and forms part of the heat accumulator. A single heat insulation layer (6) insulates the top surface of the accumulator and the bottom of the floor slab (7) while the collector has a transparent wall (8), absorbent wall (9) and a support wall.

Description

MAISON A CHAUFFAGE SOLAIRE INTEC,RAL TRACE A UNE ACCUMULATION SAISOKNIERE
11 est connu d'accumuler la chaleur solaire dans un volume de sol en place et de diminuer les déperditions thermiques, d'une part en recouvrant la surface d'une couche de matériaux calorifuges, d'autre part en creusant une tranchée tout autour et en la remplissant de matériaux mauvais conducteurs de la chaleur. Il n'y a alors plus de déperditions que vers le has et le calcul montre qu'avec une surface d'une centaine de mètres carrés et une profondeur de 2 à 3 m, on peut accumuler la chaleur de l'été à l'hiver avec un rendement acceptable. Les échanges de chaleur sont réalisés par des tubes enterrés dans le sol où circule le fluide caloporteur qui peut entre de l'air ou de l'eau.INTEC SOLAR HEATING HOUSE, RAL TRACES TO A SAISOKNIERE ACCUMULATION
It is known to accumulate solar heat in a volume of soil in place and to reduce heat losses, on the one hand by covering the surface with a layer of heat-insulating materials, on the other hand by digging a trench all around and by filling it with materials which are poor conductors of heat. There is then no more loss than towards the has and the calculation shows that with a surface of a hundred square meters and a depth of 2 to 3 m, we can accumulate heat from summer to winter with an acceptable yield. The heat exchanges are carried out by tubes buried in the ground where the heat transfer fluid circulates which can enter air or water.

L'inconvénient connu de ce type d'installation est son coût et son encombrement. The known drawback of this type of installation is its cost and its size.

L'invention consiste en une combinaison de ce système avec la maison elle-meme, les fondations de cette maison étant approfondies, élargies, et constituées de matériaux calorifuges pour assurer la protection contre les déperditions de chaleur par la périphérie. Ouant au calorifugeage en surface, il sert en meme temps à isoler thermiquement le sol de la maison. The invention consists of a combination of this system with the house itself, the foundations of this house being deepened, widened, and made of heat-insulating materials to provide protection against heat loss from the periphery. Like surface insulation, it is used at the same time to thermally insulate the floor of the house.

Une partie de la façade sud située de préférence à la base est aménagée en capteur plan à circulation d'air et l'autre partie est vitrée pour permettre à la chaleur solaire de pénétrer directement dans l'habitation. Un volet calorifuge peut venir recouvrir cette partie vitrée pour réduire la déperdition de chaleur la nuit et, de la sorte, toute la maison fonctionne en serre. Elle consomme moins de chaleur qu'une maison normale et le calcul montre que l'accumulateur constitué par le sol comme il a été dit suffit pour assurer la totalité de son chauffage. Part of the southern facade, preferably located at the base, is arranged as a flat collector with air circulation and the other part is glazed to allow solar heat to penetrate directly into the house. A heat-insulating shutter can cover this glazed part to reduce heat loss at night and, in this way, the whole house works in a greenhouse. It consumes less heat than a normal house and the calculation shows that the accumulator constituted by the ground as it has been said is sufficient to ensure all of its heating.

La planche ci jointe représente une maison conçue selon l'invention. The attached plate represents a house designed according to the invention.

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe de la maison et elle fait apparaître en 1 les fondations calorifuges qui sont beaucoup plus profondes et larges que les fondations normales et qui sont constituées en béton à intégration d'air. Comme il n'est demandé à ce béton qu'une faible résistance à la compression, on peut lui donner une densité particulièrement faible ce qui en fait un bon calorifuge.Figure 1 is a sectional view of the house and it shows in 1 the heat-insulating foundations which are much deeper and wider than normal foundations and which are made of air integration concrete. As this concrete is only required to have a low compressive strength, it can be given a particularly low density which makes it a good insulator.

Avant le creusement des fouilles on a disposé les tubes 2 de circulation d'air qui servent au réchauffage du sol par la chaleur solaire et entre eux les tubes 3 qui servent au chauffage de la maison. La terre est provence des fouilles est disposée en 4 au dessus de ces tubes et elle est maintenue pr le mur calorifuge 5. Un matériau isolant en vrac 6 remplit l'intervalle jusu' la dalle 7.  Before digging the excavations, the air circulation tubes 2 which are used for heating the ground with solar heat are placed and between them the tubes 3 which are used for heating the house. The earth from the excavations is arranged in 4 above these tubes and it is maintained pr the heat-insulating wall 5. A loose insulating material 6 fills the gap up to the slab 7.

La chaleur solaire est fournie par un capteur plan situé à la base d'une façade orientée vers le sud, et constitué simplement par une paroi transparente 8, une paroi absorbante 9, ainsi qu'une paroi 10 qui limite un canal plat où circule l'air qui véhicule les calories. Solar heat is supplied by a flat collector located at the base of a south-facing facade, consisting simply of a transparent wall 8, an absorbent wall 9, as well as a wall 10 which limits a flat channel through which the air that carries calories.

Au dessus du capteur, la façade est vitrée, et des stores à lames épaisses calorifugées, viennent la protéger du froid. Above the sensor, the facade is glazed, and blinds with thick insulated slats protect it from the cold.

L'auvent 12 protège la façade du soleil de l'été. The awning 12 protects the facade from the summer sun.

La figure 2 représente la vue agrandie de l'une des extrémités de la partie où se trouve le capteur. Un ventilateur 13 aspire l'air par les tubes 2, et le refoulc ensuite dans le canal limité par les parois 9 ct 10. De l'autre catie, il repasse dans les autres extrémités des tubes 2. Des clapets 14 bouchent les tubes aux deux extrémités lorsque le ventilateur nc fonctionne pas, dc manière à éviter une déperdition de chaleur. FIG. 2 represents the enlarged view of one of the ends of the part where the sensor is located. A fan 13 draws in air through the tubes 2, and then discharges it into the channel limited by the walls 9 ct 10. On the other side, it passes back into the other ends of the tubes 2. Valves 14 block the tubes at two ends when the fan is not running, so as to avoid heat loss.

Un autre ventilateur 15 mis en route par un thermostat d'ambiance aspire l'air dans la maison par une grille de sol et le souffle à une extrémité des tubes 3. L'autre extrémité aboutit à des bouches de chaleur réparties dans la maison. Another fan 15 started by a room thermostat draws air into the house through a floor grille and blows it at one end of the tubes 3. The other end leads to heat vents distributed in the house.

Pour rafraîchir la maison l'été, un volet 16 permet au ventilateur 13 d'assurer la circulation de l'air non pas dans les tubes chauds dc l'accumulateur mais bien dans une gainc 17 enterrée à l'extérieur dc la maison ct qui revient alimenter une ou plusieurs bouches de soufflage. To cool the house in summer, a shutter 16 allows the fan 13 to ensure the circulation of air not in the hot tubes of the accumulator but in a duct 17 buried outside the house and which comes back to supply one or more air outlets.

Les ventilateurs 13 et t5 peuvent faire circuler l'air dans les mêmes tubes 2 et 3. Il suffit pour cela de faire aboutir les extrémités de ces tubes situées d'un même côté de la maison, dans un caisson où chaque ventilateur prélève de l'air avec interposition d'un ou plusieurs clapets anti-retour. The fans 13 and t5 can circulate the air in the same tubes 2 and 3. It suffices for this to cause the ends of these tubes located on the same side of the house, in a box where each fan draws l air with the interposition of one or more non-return valves.

Au centre de la maison se trouvent les tubes 18 de réchauffage de l'eau sanitaire ainsi qu'une résistance électrique 19 placée un peu au dessus et qui, à la fin de l'hiver, permet de remonter la température de cette eau : il est clair en effet que pour utiliser à fond l'accumulateur, on doit laisser sa température descendre aux environs dc 250 et que c'est une température trop faible pour de l'eau chaude sanitaire. In the center of the house are the tubes 18 for heating domestic water as well as an electrical resistance 19 placed a little above and which, at the end of winter, makes it possible to raise the temperature of this water: It is clear in fact that to use the accumulator fully, one must let its temperature drop to around DC 250 and that it is a temperature too low for domestic hot water.

Cette résistance 19 est calculée largement de manière à pouvoir fournir un appoint de chaleur, soit au début du fonctionnement lorsque l'accumulateur n'est pas encore chaud, soit simplement parce que la consommation de chaleur a dépasse ses possibilités. La résistance est placée au dessus des tubes si bien que 1a fraction de sa chaleur qui est perdue par conduction vers le bas est minime et, comme la terre qui l'entoure fait officc d'accumulateur, on peut n'utiliser nue du courant de nuit. Même le chauffage d'appoint est-ainsi rendu beaucoup plus économique qu'un chauffage électrique traditionnel. This resistance 19 is calculated largely so as to be able to provide additional heat, either at the start of operation when the accumulator is not yet hot, or simply because the heat consumption has exceeded its possibilities. The resistance is placed above the tubes so that the fraction of its heat which is lost by conduction downwards is minimal and, as the earth which surrounds it acts as an accumulator, one can use naked current of night. Even backup heating is thus made much more economical than traditional electric heating.

Cette meme capacité d'accumulation permet d'utiliser une éolienne pour alimenter la résistance 19.  This same accumulation capacity makes it possible to use a wind turbine to power the resistor 19.

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS 1 - Maison à chauffage solaire qui reçoit la chaleur d'un ou plusieurs capteurs et l'accumule dans le sol, caractérisée en ce que la zone d'accumulation dans le sol est délimitée par les fondations 1 qui, à cet effet, sont approfondies, élargies et rendues calorifuges.1 - House with solar heating which receives heat from one or more collectors and accumulates it in the ground, characterized in that the zone of accumulation in the ground is delimited by the foundations 1 which, for this purpose, are deepened , expanded and made heat-insulating. 2 - Maison à chauffage solaire suivant revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les tubes 2 et 3 dc circulation du fluidc caloporteur sont disposés sur le sol avant creusement des fouilles et recouverts de la terre 4 extraite des dites fouilles, cette terre venant constituer une partie du volume dans lequel s'e- fectue l'accumulation.2 - house with solar heating according to claim 1 characterized in that the tubes 2 and 3 dc circulation of the heat transfer fluidc are arranged on the ground before digging excavations and covered with earth 4 extracted from said excavations, this earth coming to constitute a part of volume in which the accumulation takes place. 3 - Maison à chauffage solaire à accumulation suivant revendication 1 et 2 caractérisée en ce qutune couche calorifuge unique 6 sert à isoler thermiquement la surface supérieure de l'accumulateur et la surface inférieure de la dallc du rez de chaussée 7.3 - House with solar storage heating according to claim 1 and 2 characterized in that a single heat-insulating layer 6 is used to thermally insulate the upper surface of the accumulator and the lower surface of the dallc from the ground floor 7. 4 - Maison à chauffage solaire à accumulation suivant revendication 1 caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente au sud une façade dont une partie est aménagée cn capteur solaire et le rcstc offre une grande surfacc vitrée.4 - House with solar storage heating according to claim 1 characterized in that it has a facade to the south, part of which is arranged in a solar collector and the rcstc offers a large glazed area. 5 - Partie dc façade sud de maison à chauffage solaire aménagée en capteur solaire suivant revendication 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est constituée simplement par trois parois, une paroi transparente R, une paroi absorbante 9 et une paroi 10 pa allèle à la paroi 9, l'intervalle entre la paroi 9 et 10 servant de canal à une circulation d'air.5 - Part of the south facade of a house with solar heating fitted out as a solar collector according to claim 4, characterized in that it consists simply of three walls, a transparent wall R, an absorbent wall 9 and a wall 10 pa allele to the wall. 9, the interval between the wall 9 and 10 serving as a channel for air circulation. 6 - Partie de façade sud de maison à chauffage solaire, aménage en capteur solaire suivant revendications 4 et 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est disposée en oblique à la base de cette façade sud, la couche calorifuge 6 étant prolongée en arrière du capteur pour assurer son isolation thermique.6 - Part of the south facade of a house with solar heating, arrangement as a solar collector according to Claims 4 and 5, characterized in that it is arranged obliquely at the base of this south facade, the heat-insulating layer 6 being extended behind the collector to ensure its thermal insulation. 7 - Maison à chauffage solaire à accumulation suivant revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la chaleur emmagasine est reprise par une circulation d'air dans des tubes 3 disposés commc les tubes 2 dc circulation d'air du capteur.7 - House with solar storage heating according to claim 1 characterized in that the stored heat is taken up by an air circulation in tubes 3 arranged commc tubes 2 dc air circulation of the sensor. 8 - Système de circulation d'air suivant revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que les tubes 3 utilisés sont les mêmes que les tubes 2 utilisés pour le capteur , des clapets anti-retour permettant aux deux circulations d'etre établies indépendamment l'une de l'autre.8 - Air circulation system according to claim 7 characterized in that the tubes 3 used are the same as the tubes 2 used for the sensor, non-return valves allowing the two circulations to be established independently of one of the 'other. 9 - Système de circulation d'air suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou r caractérisé en ce qu'un volet 16 permet de couper le débit de l'air chaud en prove- nance de l'accumulateur et d'établir un débit d'air froid en provenance d'une ou plusieurs gaines enterrées à l'extérieur.9 - Air circulation system according to any one of claims 7 or r characterized in that a flap 16 makes it possible to cut off the flow of hot air coming from the accumulator and to establish a flow cold air from one or more ducts buried outside. 10 - Accumulateur de chaleur suivant revendication 1 caractérisé en ce qu'il assure en meme temps le chauffage de l'eau sanitaire grâce à un ou des tubes 18 enterrés en meme temps que les tubes d'air 2 et 3.10 - Heat accumulator according to claim 1 characterized in that it simultaneously ensures the heating of the domestic water by one or more tubes 18 buried at the same time as the air tubes 2 and 3. tl i - Maison à chauffage solaire suivant l'une quelconque des revendications t à 10, caractérisée en ce qu'une résistance électrique 19 est noyée dans la terre qui recouvre les tubes de manière à permettre un apport de chaleur avec une accumaltion qui permet d'utiliser du courant de nuit. tl i - House with solar heating according to any one of claims t to 10, characterized in that an electrical resistance 19 is embedded in the earth which covers the tubes so as to allow a supply of heat with an accumulation which allows d '' use night current. 12 - Maison à chauffage solaire suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 caractérisée en ce que l'apport de chauffage par résistance électrique est fourni par un aérogénérateur. 12 - House with solar heating according to any one of claims 1 to 10 characterized in that the supply of heating by electrical resistance is provided by an aerogenerator.
FR8108151A 1981-04-17 1981-04-17 House with integral solar heating - has one or more collectors accumulating heat in foamed concrete foundations Withdrawn FR2504247A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2747764A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-24 Guimbal Jean Combined solar and electric heating

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2266121A1 (en) * 1974-03-27 1975-10-24 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab
DE2547387A1 (en) * 1974-10-29 1976-07-29 Georg Ing Schved Heating and cooling method of dwelling rooms - using low potential heat from sunlight or atmospheric heat content
DE2710053A1 (en) * 1976-03-11 1977-09-15 Ind & Tek Forskning Solar energy using building heating system - involves specified temp. supplied to layer conductor in room divider with slot, duct and air supply
FR2353021A1 (en) * 1976-03-15 1977-12-23 Feist Artus Heat accumulator using ground as sink - has primary and secondary pipe circuits with coils in insulating casing
FR2386786A1 (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-11-03 Gillot Claude Solar heating system with underground heat storage - and panels located on various parts of the building
FR2386783A1 (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-11-03 Haugg Gmbh Polar Luft AIR HEATER

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2266121A1 (en) * 1974-03-27 1975-10-24 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab
DE2547387A1 (en) * 1974-10-29 1976-07-29 Georg Ing Schved Heating and cooling method of dwelling rooms - using low potential heat from sunlight or atmospheric heat content
DE2710053A1 (en) * 1976-03-11 1977-09-15 Ind & Tek Forskning Solar energy using building heating system - involves specified temp. supplied to layer conductor in room divider with slot, duct and air supply
FR2353021A1 (en) * 1976-03-15 1977-12-23 Feist Artus Heat accumulator using ground as sink - has primary and secondary pipe circuits with coils in insulating casing
FR2386786A1 (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-11-03 Gillot Claude Solar heating system with underground heat storage - and panels located on various parts of the building
FR2386783A1 (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-11-03 Haugg Gmbh Polar Luft AIR HEATER

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2747764A1 (en) * 1996-04-19 1997-10-24 Guimbal Jean Combined solar and electric heating

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