FR2502960A1 - METHOD FOR PREPARING DIALYSIS LIQUID FOR USE IN HEMODIALYSIS APPARATUSES, AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

THE PRESENT INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR PREPARING A DIALYSIS LIQUID FOR USE IN HEMODIALYSIS APPARATUS, AND AN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS. PROCESS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE DIALYSIS LIQUID IN THE FORM OF WATER AND OF SUBSTANCES DISSOLVED THEREIN IS PREPARED IN A DISCONTINUOUS WAY, IN QUANTITIES EACH TIME CORRESPONDING TO THE CAPACITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL HEMODIALYSIS DEVICE, IN A CENTRAL UNIT OF FEEDING, BY DISSOLVING IN WATER SUBSTANCES OF COMPOSITION INDIVIDUALLY ADAPTED TO THE NEEDS OF EACH PATIENT AND THAT THE DIALYSIS FLUID IS BROUGHT SO PREPARED TO THE HEMODIALYSIS DEVICE WHICH IT IS ABOUT.

Description

1 2502960

  The invention relates to a process for the preparation of dialysis liquid for use in hemodialysis machines as well as an apparatus for the implementation

of this process.

  In hemodialysis (artificial kidney), about 80 to 180 liters of dialysis fluid are needed for each treatment. The preparation of these large quantities of liquid requires, throughout the treatment process and in its technical implementation, considerable attention and significant technical means. It must be taken into account that the properties of the dialysis liquid, which can be perfectly attributed according to its mode of application the role of a drug, must meet strict requirements, in particular that it must have a composition responding to physiological necessities and be largely

free of germs and pyrogens.

  The problems posed by an appropriate composition of the dialysis liquid, adapted to the physiological requirements,

  are described in detail, for example, in the book "Replace-

  of Renal Function by Dialysis "(authors: W. Drukker, F. M. Parsons, J. F. Maher, editor: Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division, The Hague 1978), in the chapter" The Composition

  of Dialysis Fluid "(Editors: F. M. Parsons, A. M. Davison).

  It is known, and it is also seen by the cited publication, that an adaptation of the composition of the dialysis fluid to the individual state of the patient in question is a part

  essential medical necessities.

  Previously, this goal was often targeted, but for mainly technical reasons, it was not found at

  this problem of solution that appears sustainable feasible-

  is lying. For example, the entire supply of liquid for the dialysis treatment of a patient was prepared in a tank in which the necessary solutes (salts, glucose, etc.) were dissolved in the total amount of water required in accordance with the procedure. individual recipe determined as optimal. This process, in itself entirely natural,

  However, given the great amount of

  and the long time it requires, in addition to the need for careful monitoring. On occasion, he has

2 2502960

  incidents of incomplete dissolution of constituents.

  That's why we considered a progress

  notable that prefabricated concentrates

  industrially, with which the dialysis liquid can be prepared by diluting them with water. As a result, the handling was considerably simplified, including between

  other, because using proportional mixing pumps

  As a result, it became possible to continuously manufacture the dialysis liquid starting from the liquid concentrate and water. But at the same time, this partial progress leads to

  significant concessions in terms of the degree of adaptability

  to the individual state of the patient, because to make

  the manufacture and maintenance of the stalls, we can not

  only a limited choice of standardized concentrates.

  However, concessions due to pharmaceutical requirements

  especially in the stability and shelf life of concentrates, are even more serious. So,

  for these pharmaceutical reasons, in particular, bicarbonate

  bonate, significantly better tolerated physiologically, was replaced by acetate. It is the same for others

  constituents, in themselves desirable.

  The purpose of the invention is to take account of the

  of a physiologically satisfactory composition of the dialysis liquid, adapted individually, and to create

  the appropriate technical conditions for this purpose.

  The process according to the invention is characterized in that the dialysis liquid formed of water and substances dissolved therein is prepared discontinuously.

  quantities corresponding each time to the capacity of the

  individualized hemodialysis machine, in a central feeding unit, by dissolving substances of composition individually adapted to the needs of each patient and bringing the dialysis liquid

  prepared for the hemodialysis machine in question. In dissolving

  in a central processing unit the composition substances individually adapted to the needs of each

  patient, for the feeding of several haemo-

  dialysis, before introduction into the tank of the individual device of hemodialysis, one obtains the advantage that it is

3 2502960

  It is possible to feed several hemodialysis machines, for example in a hospital ward, from the central power unit. Devices previously used in individual hemodialysis machines for liquid preparation, particularly proportional mixing pumps for dosing concentrate and water and liquid concentration monitoring devices

  dialysis, can be removed.

  The invention is also advantageous in relation to known central supply units in which the dialysis liquid is prepared by mixing water and prefabricated concentrates industrially. Indeed, a disadvantage of these is that it is not

  possible to individualize the composition of the dialysis liquid.

  for the different patients because given the way these facilities operate, it is obligatory to accept, for all patients treated at the same time, a

  standardized uniform composition of the dialysis liquid.

  Another advantage of the invention is that the cost

  the preparation of the constituents used for the preparation of

  dialysis fluid is significantly lower than

  when prefabricated industrial concentrates are used

  is lying. As a result, the additional efforts represented by the individual adaptation of the composition to the state of the

  patient, are compensated at least partially.

  The apparatus for carrying out the method is characterized in that the central supply unit has a device for dissolving the constituents of the dialysis liquid, which can be supplied in the form of

  solid. In detail, the mechanism for the dissolution of

  of a virtually cylindrical shaped chamber

  than. The chamber furthermore has at least one introduction opening for the constituents (solids) to dissolve, a water inlet opening almost tangentially and an evacuation with filtration device, opening into the tank of the hemodialysis machine considered. . Thus, the device for dissolving the substances is practically conceived in the form of a swirling path in which

  the substances dissolve surely. According to a mode of

4 2502960

  According to the invention, baffles can be provided

  to promote swirling. The filter device

  tion has a preferably shaped filter body

  cylindrical, which extends upwards from the evacuation

  tion, preferably arranged at the bottom of the chamber. For the

  the process of swirling, it can, moreover, be

  that the evacuation or the filter cylinder are

  arranged eccentrically in the room.

  Other details and features of the invention

  will appear below, in the description of an example

  embodiment shown in the drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diagram of the central power supply unit; FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the chamber provided in the feed unit for the dissolution of the constituents brought and for the filtration of the solution, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the arrangement according to FIG.

figure 2.

  In the arrangement shown in Figure 1, the water required for the preparation of the dialysis liquid is supplied by a pipe 1. On the path of this pipe is provided an isolation valve 2. In addition, to ensure a uniform influx of water, it may be advantageous to provide an adjustable pressure regulator 3 and, for dosing a specific quantity of water, a water dispenser 4. By controlling the isolation valve 2 by means of the water dispenser 4 , it is possible that a predetermined quantity of water is

  brought automatically to each working cycle of the

sition.

  The water arrives in a room 5 which is essential-

  in the form of a vertical cylinder, a water inlet pipe 6 opening tangentially in the chamber 5. The chamber 5 has, in addition, at the top a filling opening 7 through which the constituents (pulverulent) to dissolve are brought before the water supply is released. At the bottom of Room 5 is an evacuation 8

intended for the solution.

  As a result of the tangential influx of water, it occurs in chamber 5, when the dimensions of the

2502960

  room and the speed of influx are suitably harmonized

  This is a very intense circular flow through which the introduced solid constituents swirl and dissolve in a short time. This process is favored by baffles (not shown) arranged in the chamber. A substantially cylindrical filter cartridge 9 disposed upright within the chamber above the discharge opening 8 also contributes to the described process. The lateral surface formed of filtering material retains the

  constituents which are not yet dissolved, before the

  ment and limits the circular flow to an area

  near annular. The surface of the filter cylinder is continuous

  bathed tangentially, which decreases at the same time

  time the risk of clogging the filter. In addition, the cartridge

  filter flow limits the flow velocity of the solution through the evacuation 8, so that the dissolution time can be adjusted optimally for the dissolution process.

  stay of the circulating liquid in the room. The trial-

  This is further enhanced by the eccentric arrangement of the discharge 8 and the filter cartridge 9. Another advantage of the filter arrangement is the ease of access which greatly simplifies filter control and the necessary change. . For this purpose, preferably, the discharge pipe is provided, inside the chamber 5, a threaded section or a cone and the filter cylinder, a suitable complementary element. FIG. 2 shows in longitudinal section a preferred form of the chamber 5. In the present case, for

  introduce the substances to be dissolved, an opening has been

  it occupies the entire upper surface and has a lockable lid. The filter cartridge 9 is fixed above the discharge pipe 8 by a

conical nesting.

  It is envisaged that specific constituents of the

  dialysis fluid is needed in liquid form.

  They can be brought by the same introduction opening as the solid constituents. However, for the purpose of handling

6 2502960

  simpler, it is also possible to provide a separate supply of these components to the chamber 5, as shown in the diagram of Figure 1. The corresponding pipe 10 is connected via a valve 11 to a metering container 12, which can in turn be filled, by a pipe 13 provided with a valve 14, from a reservoir (not shown). It is possible to automate the introduction into the measuring container of a quantity prescribed by the recipe, using a level measuring device 15 in combination with a corresponding control unit 16 for actuation.

valves 11 and 14.

  The operating mode of the feed unit described above is discontinuous. The dialysis liquid used to feed the hemodialysis machines is prepared discontinuously according to the recipe prescribed in each case. As a result, a feeding unit of the kind described is particularly suitable as a central filling station for artificial kidneys, that is to say hemodialysis machines comprising a container for containing the entire volume of

  liquid required for treatment.

  Another advantage in mobile hemodialysis machines of the type indicated is that dispensing pipes can be removed between the feeding unit and the various hemodialysis machines. This not only reduces the expense, but also avoids the hygienic problems normally associated with the use of hoses.

  distribution for the dialysis liquid.

  According to an alternative embodiment of the invention

  in the case where at least the essential constituents of the dialysis liquid are in solid form and are dissolved by water, the dissolution of the solid substances is carried out

  by swirling in a room through which water passes.

7 2502960

Claims (11)

-R E V E N D I C AT IO N S-   A process for the preparation of a dialysis liquid for use in hemodialysis machines, characterized in that the dialysis liquid formed of water and dissolved substances therein is discontinuously dispensed into each time corresponding to the capacity of the individual hemodialysis machine, in a central feeding unit, by dissolving in water substances of composition adapted individually to the needs of each patient and that the liquid of dialysis thus prepared to the hemodialysis machine of which it's about.   2. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the central supply unit has a device for dissolving constituents of the dialysis liquid which can be brought in solid form.   3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the dissolution device has a substantially cylindrical chamber, and the chamber has at least one introduction opening (7) constituents to dissolve, a water inlet (6). ) opening virtually tangentially and an evacuation (8) with filtration device. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that baffles (5) are arranged in the chamber to promote swirling.   5. Apparatus according to any one of the claims   3 and 4, characterized in that the outlet (8) is disposed in the bottom of the chamber (5), and the filter device has a filter body extending from   the evacuation (8) upwards in the chamber (5).   6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the filter body is in the form of a filter cylinder (9) whose side surface is formed of filter material.   Apparatus according to any one of the claims   3 to 6, characterized in that the filter cylinder   (9) is arranged eccentrically in the chamber (5).   Apparatus according to any of the claims   3 to 7, characterized in that the chamber (5) has at least one connection (10) for supplying constituents   liquids for the preparation of the dialysis liquid.   9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the additional connection is connected to a   measuring container (12) for liquid components.   Apparatus according to any of the claims   2 to 9, characterized in that the water supply is connected to a water meter (4).   A process for preparing a dialysis liquid for use in hemodialysis machines according to claim 1, wherein at least essential components of the dialysis liquid are introduced in solid form and are dissolved by water, characterized in that the   dissolution of the solid substances is carried out under   Billoning in a room crossed by water.