FR2486206A1 - APPARATUS FOR TRANSFORMING A WOOD STOVE IN A COAL STOVE, AND A COAL STOVE - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION CONCERNS WOOD AND COAL STOVES. IT RELATES TO A CONVERTIBLE STOVE, THAT CAN BE USED EITHER FOR WOOD OR FOR COAL. WHEN USED FOR COAL, IT INCLUDES GRID ELEMENTS THAT CAN PIVOT AROUND HORIZONTAL AXLES, PLACED ABOVE AN ASH PAN 146. COMBUTION AIR IS OBLIGED TO PASS THROUGH THE GRILLE, BEFORE IT IS USED. ENSURE THE PREHEATING OF A SECONDARY COMBUSTION AIR ALLOWING TOTAL COMBUSTION OF THE VOLATILE PRODUCTS IN A SECONDARY COMBUSTION CHAMBER. A HOPPER 172 BRINGS THE COAL JUST IN THE CORRECT POSITION. APPLICATION TO HOME HEATING.

Description

- 2486206

  The present invention relates generally

  coal combustion and in particular a charcoal stove

good having a high return.

  Coal stoves have been available for many years. They have been used for centuries

  in Europe, where coal is relatively

  ing. The European coal stoves available on the market are therefore very sophisticated and elaborate and, in

  in many cases they have a very good return.

  In the United States of America, coal, like wood, is relatively abundant and is a relatively inexpensive alternative to oil,

  gas and electricity. For many people, the char-

  good presents some advantages over wood when

  to its availability, its cost and the necessary storage.

  However, unlike wood, coal can unfortunately have significant variations in characteristics that make it more or less suitable for combustion in domestic coal stoves. Coal is made of an organic material that has undergone significant pressure over the years. Variations between coals depend on differences in climatic conditions, differences in bacterial actions, and pressure and temperature during coal formation. For example, coal can have a high content of constitutional moisture, up to 40% in lignite, different concentrations of volatile matter, a high content of volatiles forming a combustion with a lot of smoke in most heaters. and, for example, very different ash and carbon contents. In addition, coal exists with

  different particle sizes.

  In the United States of America in particular, the

  The problem of burning coal is very delicate when

  we want to obtain a maximum combustion efficiency. Europeans have developed efficient stoves that work with minimal difficulties. The secret of this is that the owners of European stoves burn European coal and the latter has. a uniform size and a relatively low ash content, and ashes are easily separated from coal

  which burns to form a powder in the form of scales

  managed. European coal stoves are made

  specifically for this type of coal and this type of coal

  Unfortunately, differences between American and European coals generally make European stoves unsuitable for efficient and effective operation when using American coal. The shaking of the ashes and the maintenance of a combustible bed of suitable thickness prove very difficult. In addition, the American anthracite shape and configuration

  variables, for example having a high

  lumpy and relatively sturdy

  the grills of European stoves and prevents

circulation of oxygen.

  Consequently, the invention relates essentially to

  a charcoal stove for efficient combustion

  American coal. It also concerns a stove with

  good requiring minimal maintenance, having a long duration of use, convenient handling and giving a long and regular combustion. It also concerns a stove that can be easily transformed so that it burns

efficiently coal or wood.

  The invention more specifically relates to a stove for burning coal. This stove has a heat conducting frame surrounding a primary combustion chamber, a baffle arrangement communicating with the primary combustion chamber so that the gas can flow and forming a long internal heat exchange passage, and a feed passage. in primary air intended to transmit air containing oxygen which

  promotes combustion in the primary combustion chamber

  mayor. An outlet opening of the combustion products is formed in an upper part of the frame and communicates with the deflector arrangement, and forms a channel of

output of combustion products.

  The stove has a grate assembly for holding coal and having at least two elements of

  grid, intended to rotate each around an axis corresponding to

  of rotation (preferably horizontal), a first

  first vertical grid, a rear vertical grid, a first and a second vertical lateral grid, and support elements of the front vertical grid above the level of the grid rotating elements so that a slot is delimited horizontally and allows the introduction of a coal shake poker in the chamber of

primary combustion.

  The invention also relates to the support of

  seems to grate above the primary air supply

  of the main combustion chamber and the elements of

  designed to prevent the exit of this air from this chamber without first passing through the grid assembly. The

  coal is charged by introduction from a

  the stove to the grate assembly. It is

  gravely from a gravity feed system.

  In another embodiment, the grid elements each have an elongated portion forming a toothed member and a central support column, the latter having, in its central part and in a support direction perpendicular to the plane of the support. body forming the

  teeth, a dimension greater than the size of the colon

  not in the direction perpendicular to the end of the organ

equipped with teeth.

  In another particular embodiment, the elongated portion of the toothed member comprises, at its ends, a flange or annular collar intended to

  cooperate with the vertical lateral grid so that the

  grid is maintained along its horizontal axis

  of rotation. The grid element can not be de-

  place longitudinally in a horizontal direction.

  The unit that directs the coal During the food

  Preferably, the arrangement has a stationary hopper member cooperating with a top member of the frame for directing coal from an opening in the top of the frame to a movable hopper member that is adjustably attached to the fixed member of the housing. hopper, at the bottom of it, so that it guides the coal of the fixed element to the grid elements. The fixed hopper element is of such construction that it includes a first and a

  second member intended to be connected in accordance with a sen-

  vertically so that these organs maintain the

  hopper adjustable in a fixed vertical position during operation

stove.

  The shaker system for oscillating 1S the grid members has a plurality of pivoting arms, each being connected to a grid member by a latching portion of the grid at its end, the end passing through a corresponding shaped aperture formed

  in a connecting element of a pivoting arm of se-

  couage. These pivoting arms are connected to the connecting element with which they are associated so that they pivot in synchronism about their axes of rotation, and a connecting arm displacement element is intended to

  alternatively move the connecting element

  a substantially rectilinear path so that the grid elements oscillate around their

  axes of rotation, under the control of the pivoting arms.

  The connecting element preferably has a body having L integral lugs at one

  swivel arm. Each leg has a first section close to

  the body to which the leg is connected, and a second keying section distant from the body. Each pivot arm has an opening whose section corresponds to

  the second section of keying and a thickness,

  calf of the swing arm opening, which is not

  greater than the distance separating the clevis

  vetting and body. Thus, a swivel arm can lock on the L-shaped lug and can rotate in a stable manner and

  determined around the part having the first section.

  In another embodiment, the invention relates to an apparatus for transforming a wood stove into a charcoal stove. The wood stove, for example the "Vigilant" stove from Vermont Castings, is initially designed to ensure efficient combustion of wood. This stove has a conductive casting of heat, surrounding a

  main combustion chamber, a combustion chamber

  secondary supply communicating with the main combustion chamber so that the gases can flow between them, and a baffle arrangement communicating with the secondary combustion chamber and intended to delimit a long internal heat exchange passage. This stove also has a deflector oriented vertically and directed downwards, for separating the main combustion chambers

  and secondary in such a way that part of the deflec-

  is distant from the lower surface of the frame and

  limits an orifice connecting the two combustion chambers

  and thus putting them in communication. A food pass

  Primary air supply transmits combustion air to

  the main combustion chamber and a

  secondary air is placed along the deflec-

  downward and transmits preheated air to the secondary combustion chamber through the orifice. An outlet opening of the formed combustion products

  the upper part of the building communicates with the

  baffle to form an exit channel

combustion products.

  The apparatus for transforming stoves such as the "Vigilant" into charcoal stoves includes an assembly for preventing preheated air at the orifice from entering the combustion chamber.

  principal, and includes a first organ intended to

  the gases discharged from the main combustion chamber

  in a first portion of the orifice to the secondary combustion chamber, so that they circulate in the long heat exchange passage, and a second member for plugging the remaining portion of the orifice so as to

  it prevents the passage of secondary air (or

  combustion products) in the primary combustion chamber

  of the secondary combustion chamber. A grid assembly is for holding coal, a support assembly is for holding the assembly together

  grid above the primary air inlet, and a

  seems to be intended to ensure the oscillating displacement of the grid assembly. Finally, a hopper is intended to direct the coal from an upper part of the stove to the grid assembly, under gravity feed conditions. More specifically, the transformation of this

  stove in a charcoal stove may follow the general instructions

previously indicated.

  In particular, in one embodiment -

  advantageous of the invention, the stove has a forming element

  a removable door, giving access to the combustion chamber

  secondary treatment and for the removal of ashes accumulated therein. In addition, a slot structure is provided for directing combustion gases escaping from the main combustion chamber to the chamber of combustion.

secondary combustion.

  Other features and advantages of the

  will become apparent from the following description,

  with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a perspective showing

  the front and the outside of a stove according to a method of

  advantageous embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a perspective of the outer rear portion of a stove according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention; Fig. 3 is a perspective with torn portions showing the interior of the stove of Figs. 1 and 2, the internal coal utilization assembly being removed; Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a section on line 5-5 of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a section along the line 6-6 of Figure 4; FIG. 7 is a perspective view with torn parts showing the front of the stove of FIGS. 1 and 2, including the coal combustion assembly according to FIG.

  an advantageous embodiment of the invention; -

  Figure 8 is a section along the line 8-8 of Figure 7; Figure 9 is a section along the line 9-9 of Figure 8;

  Figure 10 is a section along line 10-

  Figure 11 is a plan view of an example of a horizontal grid element; and

  Figure 12 is a section along the line 12-

12 of Figure 7.

  In an advantageous embodiment of the invention,

  vention, the stove of Figures 1 to 12 is made so that it burns coal efficiently and it can also be converted into a wood stove as described in the following

  present memory. Conversely, the stove may be at the

  in the form of a wood-burning device and can then be converted into a charcoal stove, by means of

  principles and structure of the embodiment

  Brother. Thus, in the following description, it should be noted

  that although we basically describe the configuration

  coal stove, the stove shown may be

  formed of coal stove in wood stove and vice versa.

  The stove 8 according to the invention, shown in Figure 1, has an outer frame 10 advantageously formed of thick cast iron. The sides 12a, 12b, the front portion 12c having doors 12e, 12f, the rear portion 12g, the upper portion 12h having a door 14 and the lower portion 12i of the frame are connected in the form of a sealed assembly

  and solidarity. The 12th, 12f front swivel doors allow

  attempt to open the stove from the front for loading if necessary and for the observation of combustion when the stove is used as a chimney. An upper cover 14 of the apparatus has hinges 15a, 15b which allow it to pivot upwards so that the coal can be loaded into a combustion chamber

  principal 16 (Figure 3) through an

  17 with double door, ensuring smoke-free loading. The cover 14 is connected to a smaller door 17a and the combination is intended to maintain

  the orifice substantially free of combustion gases when

  that the door or top cover-14 pivots in the open position. Thus, even when the stove is operating, the coal can be loaded simply by dropping into the hopper 17 for feeding by gravity to the main combustion chamber (FIG. 7). A refractory seal placed around the orifice of the upper frame ensures the seal between

the cover 14 and the frame.

  As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the air is transmitted to the main combustion chamber 16 via a primary air inlet channel 18 and a primary air circulation passage 20 (FIG. 3). The channel 18 is controlled by a thermostat 21 which moves a register 22 which covers an opening 23 (Figure 6) formed in the rear member 12g of the frame. The thermostat 21 is formed for example of a 13 cm coil of a bimetallic material, connected to a register 22 by a flexible chain 24. The stove 8 has

  also a register control lever, a cir-

  26 exhaust gas exhaust pipe and a manual channel

  27 air intake for the night, formed in the lateral organ

  ral 12a. (This channel 27 air intake for the night is

  used when burning wood).

  As shown in Figure 3 in which the essential elements for efficient combustion of coal have been removed and allow efficient combustion

  wood, the primary air entering through the opening 23 (

  6) circulates in the air supply passage 20

  primary to the main combustion chamber 16.

  This latter is generally defined by a deflector 28 oriented substantially vertically and downwardly, the side walls 12a and 12b of the frame, the front doors 12e,

  12f and the front wall 12c of the frame, with the panels su-

  lower 12h and lower 12i of the frame.

  A straight portion 29 of the baffle 28 further constitutes a partial separation between the main combustion chamber 16 and what would constitute a secondary combustion chamber in the case of wood combustion. During operation in a wood stove, the secondary combustion chamber is connected to the main combustion chamber through an orifice 31 of the deflector 28 and allows the flow of gas. As described in

  subsequently, when the fuel is coal, that origin

  It is partly clogged and is used partly for the direction of flue gases following a long heat exchange passage. A combined passage 32 of circulation

  primary and secondary air (Figure 4) allows the

  tation of the main and secondary combustion chambers through the thermostatically controlled inlet duct 18, and it comprises a first perforated portion 36 (FIG. 4)

  disposed from the input channel 18 until the beginning of

  of the secondary combustion chamber and a second perforated or apertured conduit 38 penetrating the secondary combustion chamber along a

  lower part of the deflector part 29,

turn of the orifice 31.

  A third passage 40 of air circulation

  can be used for air transmission from

  Manual flow 27 (Figure 2) to the secondary combustion chamber so that a minimum wood burning activity is maintained during the night or during other periods of low heating. The air intake passage 40 transmits an additional amount of oxygen necessary for secondary combustion into the secondary combustion chamber of the products of the main combustion of the wood.

  Several passages 104, 106, 108 of smoke (fi

  4) are formed behind the deflector 28. These

  sages direct the burnt and spent gases from the

  secondary combustion chamber along a long pas-

  wise heat exchange, first to the left end of the stove (when viewed from the front) and then in a passage or upper channel 106 before returning to the right side of the stove and introduction into the passage upper 108, the gases then returning to the left of the

  stove before finally going out by the necklace 26 of

  cuation of the burned gases. The secondary combustion chamber, in combination with the smoke passages, is the passage of the flames. As the heat of the used gases is

  very important and is transmitted to the surfaces of the stove when

  that the flue gases run through these passages, a significant amount of heat is released into the room instead

  to be lost in the fireplace. In addition, as

  wise are adjacent to the main combustion chamber,

  temperatures in it are higher and easier

  read the combustion of volatile products from

  the burning of wood or coal.

  The collar 26 can preferably be turned over so that it allows the operation of the stove with a

  outlet arranged horizontally or vertically. The neck-

  bind is attached to an inclined rear portion 50 which is held on the rear and upper portions of the stove frame. The collar is attached to the inclined surface of the

  rear part by two bolts 56 (only one is shown).

  The two bolts are fixed on both sides of the collar.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the thermostatically controlled inlet channel 18 transmits air to both the primary air passage and the air passage 32

  primary and secondary. Ambient air enters through the opening

  23 formed in the rear wall 12g of the frame and is re-

  went almost immediately into the passages 20, 32, he made the presence of a plate 70 distribution. The

  part of the incoming air that reaches the 32 cir-

  along the deflector 28 and must follow a path adjacent to the deflector, given the disposition of a member 72 placed around. The latter directs the flow of air

  towards the orifice 31 of the deflector 28. However, the openings

  73 are formed in the baffle 28 along the passage 32 and divert a portion of the air stream to the

  master bedroom. The section of the passage

  limited by the member 72 in combination with the deflector 28 increases significantly when the passage is approaching the orifice as shown in Figure 4 so that the air flows substantially uniformly in the orifice

  31 (when burning wood). The volume distribution

  necessary power supply is thus ensured and

  the uniform circulation of air in the orifice. At the beginning

  31, the member 72 ends by being aligned parallel-

  the deflector 28 but at a distance from it, as indicated for example by the reference 80 (FIG. 3), so that the secondary air flow is practically unimpeded when it enters the secondary chamber through the orifice 31. The secondary air transmitted by this orifice

  is also preheated because of its proximity to deflec-

  28 so that the efficiency of the combustion chamber

  secondary is increased (during wood burning).

  The part of the ambient air that passes through the

  23 and following the passage 20, circulates through the deflector 28 near the lower part thereof

  (Figure 3) and reaches the main combustion chamber

  blade along the side wall 12a. A system forming

  duct may be used where appropriate during the

  wood burning. The primary air is thus transmitted so

  that it facilitates the continuous circulation of an oxy-

  gene sustaining combustion along the entire bottom of

the combustion chamber.

  As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the

  A deflector assembly for directing flue gases along a sinuous heat exchange passage in the space between the baffle 28 and the rear wall 12g has a lower baffle 90 and an upper baffle 92. The lower baffle 90 shown has two molded elements 94, 96 plate-shaped which are connected to

  their length and form the deflector 90 when the

  flecteur 28 is set in position. The deflector 90 or

  its is disposed substantially from the side wall 12b to a position close to the side wall 12a. The deflector shown 92 is placed above the deflector and has two molded bodies 98, 100 of table-shaped support, carrying a plate 102 disposed substantially from the side wall 12a to a position close to the side wall 12b. The flue gases are thus transmitted from the horizontal passage 104 to the horizontal passage 106 and then to a third horizontal passage 108 from which they

escape through collar 26.

  The stove also has a register that allows the user to

  sation of the appliance both in stove and fireplace.

  In the position shown in FIG. 5, the stove may be used as a chimney, the flue gases exiting the main combustion chamber through a passage which bears the general reference 114. When the register is closed, that is to say placed in the position indicated in dashed lines 116, the stove operates in closed apparatus and the flue gases come out practically as indicated

  by the arrow 120 (Figure 3) during the combustion of wood.

  (When the fuel is loaded into the stove by the cover 14, the exhaust gas outlet must be open because, otherwise, smoke could pass

  through the opening formed in the upper panel 12h.

  As indicated in FIGS. 2 and 5, the rear wall 12g has a series of corrugations 122, 124 and 126 projecting outwardly from the plane of this wall.

  back 12g. These undulations form additional surfaces

  heat radiation by the stove so well

  that the heat transmitted to the air-surrounding is increased.

  In addition, the waves constitute a com-

  mode for the channeling of "night air" from the channel 27 manually adjusted and transmitted to the chamber of

  secondary combustion through the passage 40. Thus, the corrugation

  126 is closed by a plate 130 and is used for channeling night air into

  the secondary combustion chamber or at least to that

  this. As shown in FIG. 7 on which the additional elements necessary for the combustion of the

  coal were added, stove 8, when

  for coal combustion, has a set 140

  grid, a hopper assembly 17b and several

  fliers comprising vertical deflectors 142, 144.

  An ash bin 146 is also used. The addition of these elements actually transforms the stove into a stove

coal.

  The grid set 140 has several elements

  rotary gears 152, 154, 156 arranged in a plane -

  horizontal and surrounded on their periphery by a set

  forming a vertical grid, comprising a vertical grid

  back block 160, a front vertical grid 162, and side vertical grilles 164 and 166 (see Figures 7 and 8). The elements of the grid set delimit

  a basket of coal support in which takes place the

burning of coal.

  The coal is transmitted to the grate assembly by the hopper assembly 17b. This assembly shown has an upper fixed hopper 172 and an adjustable lower member

  174 hopper. The height adjustment of the lower element

  174 above the flat upper surface of the grid elements 152, 154, 156 makes it possible to obtain a coal combustion region of suitable configuration,

  the height depends essentially on the dimension par-

  ticular of coal so that a bed of suitable thickness

  is formed during the burning of coal.

* Primary air enters the combustion chamber

  main section below the grid assembly. It must be remembered that the primary air comes through one of two passages. The first passage 20 transmits the primary air to the left part of the apparatus while the second passage

  Wise 32 transmits the primary air through openings 73 formed in the deflector 28. It is important that this air does not pass bypass with respect to the grid assembly and the bed of coal that it supports and which is in progress combustion; and as a result, a baffle structure prevents the primary air from passing into

  derivation with respect to the bed of coal. To the left of the

  seems to grid, a deflector member 144, in combination

  with the side grid 164, prevents the passage of

  The front portion of the baffle 144 co-operates with the front panel 12c of the stove relative to the primary air grill assembly on the left side of the stove. A similar structure having a deflector 142 and the vertical grid 166 prevent the bypass passage of the primary air relative to the coal bed to the right of the main combustion chamber. At the front of the grid assembly, a vertical baffle-162 carries a stuffing material 180 which is attached thereto and which provides tight cooperation with the front doors 12e and 12f when they are

  closed. This construction prevents the passage of

  primary air relative to the grate assembly

at the front of the stove.

  The rear vertical deflector stops traffic

  the primary air that could go into bypass

  relative to the coal bed, on the rear side of the chamber

  primary combustion. In addition, in this part

  back, a left part of the orifice 31, until

  vertical flector 142 at least, is closed by an element

  182 in the form of a plate which prevents the escape of

  combustion fuels and / or primary air so that the secondary air is not transmitted to this location, this element 182 cooperating with the deflector 28, the grid

  vertical rear 160 and the side grid 142 and prevents

  thus singing the bypass passage of the primary air with respect to the grid assembly. In addition, the element

  182 stop is preferably in the form of a door

  which can be removed if necessary so that the ashes accumulating behind can be removed.

  An ash pan 146 is placed under the grid assembly.

  The products of combustion leave the chamber

  primary busting by slits 188.

  - The grid assembly shown in the figures

  7 and 8 is mounted in the stove as follows.

  From the position of Figure 3 in which the

  main combustion chamber is empty, the deflec-

  Right Speaker 142 is first set up. Then, the rear vertical grid 160 is placed in the working position near the lateral deflector member 142 and the latter partially supports it. This deflector 142 thus prevents longitudinal displacement of the rear gate 160 and participates in the retention of the gate 160, by a rib 189 projecting,

  so that this grid can not move transversely

  badly to the front. The rib 189 cooperates with the rear gate in a substantially watertight manner so that the combustion gases can not escape otherwise

  through the slots 189a and so that the primary air can not

  not to be bypassed in relation to the chamber of

main combustion.

  Then, the left deflector 144 is introduced into the main combustion chamber and is supported by the rear vertical grid of a first side and a protruding tab protruding from the front frame 12c. Then, a shaking mechanism 192 is mounted outside the stove

  and it is placed in it, near its working position.

  vail. This assembly or shaking mechanism, as described

  in more detail later in this mem-

  pivoting arms 194 connecting an element 196 of

  wire to the horizontal elements 152, 154, 156 grid.

  The connecting element 196 moves in a substantially rectilinear path under the control of a rod 198 which is itself connected to a shaking handle 200

placed at the front of the stove.

  Then, the horizontal grid members 152, 154, 156 are set up, first in the grid support openings formed in the right baffle 142 and then in the grid support openings formed in the left baffle 144. Before introduction in

  the openings of the left deflector, however,

  half of the horizontal grid elements are introduced

  by the apertures 203 for supporting the pivot arms

  tants 194 then in the openings of the deflector 144. The gate elements are moved to the left towards their end position in abutment (corresponding to the end of the keying structure of the ends 202), and the right vertical grid 166 and the gate vertical left

  164 are then put into position. Gate 166 is placed

  to the right of a flange or collar 206 and, in the embodiment shown, it rests on the right end 208 of the horizontal grid elements. Each grid element has the flange 206 to the left of the right vertical grid 166 so that the horizontal grid elements can not move laterally to the right. Thus, the horizontal elements are retained and

  have a fixed longitudinal position during operation.

  The final element of the grid assembly, the front vertical grid 162, is introduced into retaining channels placed on the right and left vertical grids. In this way, the front vertical grid is

  restraint and can not move horizontally, that is

  that is, the interlocking of the vertical side grids and the front vertical grid prevents the movement of

  side grids horizontally in the lateral direction.

  The grid assembly thus formed defines a "basket" of

  coal support. The lower parts 207 of the

  Vertical grid elements preferably have teeth

  so that the primary air is directed into the bed of

  good. All horizontal elements 152, 154, 156

  grid have the same configuration (see Figure 11).

  Each has, at a first end such as the end 208, the flange or collar 206, and at the other end 202, a portion 210 of keying section which cooperates

  with a corresponding zone of locking of the pivot arms

  tantsl94 of the shaking set. This part 210 of

  keying has a limited longitudinal dimension.

  The central portion of the horizontal grid elements has teeth. Thus, a series of protruding members 212, forming teeth, protrude on both sides

  a central support column 214 (Figures 8 and 11).

  These grid elements, when they are in their

  working conditions, form a practically closed surface

  for the support of the coal particles, with a

  face open, however, allowing the descent of the ashes.

  The support column 214 has a special structure

  Especially advantageous so that the grid elements can hardly be warped. As a result, the column has a larger vertical dimension in the center than

  ends. This larger dimension improves the

  port and actually reduces the warping of the ho-

  when they are subjected to high temperatures.

  during the burning of coal.

  As shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10, the

  As indicated above, a shaking element 196 which connects the swivel arms 194 so that, when the connecting element is moved in a substantially straight path by a

  stem 198, the arms all move simultaneously and pivot

  around the corresponding horizontal axes 220

  horizontal sets. Each swivel arm has two open

  tures, the first upper opening 203 for the passage of the end 202 of a horizontal grid member, and the second opening 224 for pivoting around and below a keying portion of a leg

  226 L which is integral with the connecting element 194.

  Each pivoting arm can pivot about the tabs 226 when it has been introduced through the opening 224 and then rotated by a suitable angle, preferably greater than 45, relative to the vertical (FIG. 9) above the tab 226, the swivel arm was then turned upright. In this way, each pivoting arm can rotate around the tab 226 in a limited angular range while remaining stably and securely maintained on the leg. The rod 198, the free end of which has been previously placed in an opening of the end of the connecting element 196, at its other end which passes through the front of the stove and which is connected

  to the shaking handle 200 which allows its movement.

  As previously stated, the hopper assembly

  comprises the fixed upper element 172 and a lower element

  The upper element is integral with tabs 201 which rest on the upper member 12h of the frame, at the loading opening. So, the

  the entire hopper assembly can easily be

  drawn, for example when you want to burn wood.

  The element 172 of the hopper comprises two parts which are connected along substantially vertical joints 240 and which are connected at these joints for example by screws. The upper element 172 of the hopper has a door 17a at its upper part, this door being connected to the upper opening door 14 so that when

  the upper door is open, the lower door opens

  then automatically with her. In this way, the condensation at the top of the hopper is

  reduced and the amount of gas passing through the heating room

  fairy is reduced. In an advantageous embodiment, the elements of the hopper are connected in such a way that

  the upper element 172 is forced into the

  174. This force fitting is completed by ribs 242 formed on the parts of the element.

  and a lip 244 formed on the element

  respectively. This rib structure and 'lip

  increases the stability of the entire hopper.

  The closing member 182 blocks the part of the orifice 31 which penetrates into what becomes a main combustion chamber of slightly reduced size. This closure member is preferably

  example maintained by screws so that it can be re-

  drawn periodically and allows the removal of ashes behind the deflector 28. The ashes accumulate at

  this place during normal operation of the stove.

  During operation, the damper is moved to the open position so that the temperatures of the

  chimneys are increased, for example when the stove-

  works in the spring or autumn or during

  initial lighting of the coal. Thus, the register advantageously allows the adaptation of the stove-to different modes

coal combustion.

  The invention therefore relates to a coal stove which ensures the transmission of a large amount of primary air under a grid assembly, which comprises baffles for directing the primary air through the grid assembly and consequently to through the coal bed during combustion, the air being heated during its passage so that the combustion efficiency

  in the main combustion chamber is increased. Lors-

  that the damper is closed, the air coming out of the main combustion chamber is directed by the baffle 142 (which has the single discharge port of the products

  in the right portion 250 of the orifice 31.

  The products of combustion therefore go into the long -

  internal heat exchange path previously described

  and the stove has a very high efficiency.

  The depicted ash removal apparatus is particularly effective in the combustion of American coal. This ash removal apparatus has dual operation, the movement of the shaking handle causing the axial rotation of the horizontal grid members 152, 154, 156 and simultaneously the front vertical deflector 162 is supported by the grids.

  side vertical lines above the plane of the horizontal elements

  grid values so that a poker can be introduced

  in an area 252 between the lower part of the front vertical grid and the upper plane of the elements

  horizontal grid and advantageously facilitates the

  ashes removal. Poker is a kind of rod

  flattened that goes into the slot 252.

  It is understood that the invention has not been

  It is written and represented only as a preferred example and any technical equivalence can be added to its constituent elements without departing from its scope.

Claims (24)

  1. Apparatus for converting a wood stove to a charcoal stove, the wood burning stove being of the type comprising: - a heat-conducting frame (10) surrounding a main combustion chamber (16), a combustion chamber secondary combustion (30) which communicates with the main combustion chamber so that the gases   can move between them, and a deflec-   communicating with the secondary combustion chamber   and forming a long internal heat exchange path, - a deflector (28) oriented vertically and   directed downwards, intended to separate the chambers of com-   primary and secondary venting, a portion of the deflector being spaced from a lower surface of the frame so that an orifice (31) connecting the two combustion chambers is delimited and provides communication between them, - a passage (20) feeding in air for maintaining combustion in the main combustion chamber,   a passage (32) for supplying secondary air   located at least along the downwardly directed deflector and for transmitting preheated air to the secondary combustion chamber at said port, and   - an exit opening of combustion products   formed at the top of the frame and communicating with the baffle arrangement to form an outlet channel for the products of combustion, said transforming apparatus being characterized in that it comprises - a device for preventing entry   in the main combustion chamber of the pre-heating air   said device comprising a device (142) for directing the gases discharged from the main combustion chamber into a first   part of the orifice to the second combustion chamber   to circulate in the long heat exchange passage, and secondly a device (182) for sealing a remaining portion of the orifice and thereby to prevent the passage of air between the chambers of heat. primary and secondary combustion, - a grate assembly (140) for retaining coal,   a device (142, 144) for supporting the   seems to grate above the primary air inlet of the main combustion chamber,   a device (192) for controlling the bone   cillation of the grid assembly, and   a device (17b) for directing the   good unburned from an upper part of the stove towards the seems to grid.   2. Apparatus according to claim 1, of the type in which the grid assembly comprises: - at least two grid elements (152, 154, 156) each rotatable about a corresponding horizontal axis, - a front vertical grid ( 162), - a rear vertical grid (160), and a first and a second vertical lateral grid (164, 166), said apparatus being characterized in that it comprises a device (164, 166) for supporting the vertical grid before above the level of the rotating grid elements so that a horizontal slot (252) is delimited and allows the introduction of a poker   intended to change the loading of coal in the chamber main combustion chamber.   An apparatus according to claim 2, of the type in which the gate members each comprise an elongated member having a toothed portion (212) and a central support column (214), said apparatus being characterized in that the column, in its middle part, has a dimension perpendicular to the plane of the part having the teeth which is greater than the dimension, in the same   direction, measured at the ends of the toothed member.   4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized   it comprises: - a lateral deflector (144), and - a device for supporting the lateral deflector at a distance from the lower part of the frame so that an orifice is delimited and allows the passage of a part of the primary air in the space between the grid elements and the lower part of the frame, and the grid support device (142, 144)   has support openings formed in the deflec-   side (144) and the device (142) for directing   the evacuated gases, so that the grid elements are supported and can rotate.   5. Apparatus according to claim 4 in the   which each of the grid elements has an organ   with teeth, having a first and a second elongated   an elongate support member (202, 208) extending from the ends, the support members cooperating with the support openings so that the grids are arranged with   horizontal axes of rotation, said apparatus being   characterized in that the first elongated member (208) has a portion (206) constituting a flange for co-operating   with a vertical lateral grid (166) so that the element   grid is retained along the horizontal axis of rotation.   6. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized   in that the device for directing coal   door - a fixed element (172) of hopper cooperating with   an upper body of the frame and intended to direct the   from an opening formed in this superior organ. building, and   a mobile element (174) of hopper fixed   adjustable to the hopper fixed member (172) at its bottom and for guiding coal from the hopper fixed member to the grate members,   the hopper fixed member (172) having a first   and a second member intended to be connected in substantially vertical joints and ensuring the hold by force-fitting of the adjustable hopper in position fixed between them.   7. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the front vertical grid (162) has a member (180) forming a seal on the side facing the front of the stove, so that it seals when a set (12e, 12f) having front doors is closed, so that primary air from the portion below the grate assembly can not bypass relative to the coal combustion region between the assembly having the front doors and the front vertical grid. An apparatus according to claim 1, of the type in which the gate assembly has a plurality of gate elements (152, 154, 156) for rotating about horizontal axes, each gate element having a first and a second elongate portion. support members (202, 208) at a first and a second end respectively, the support portions defining an axis (220) around which each grid member rotates, the support devices carrying the grid elements so that they can rotate around it. of the corresponding axis, said apparatus being characterized in that - each gate member has a first support portion (202) having a keying section (210), and - the gate oscillation device (192) comprises   - several pivoting arms (194) connected each   a grid element at the cross section level.   the first support part being screwed, this first support part passing through a corresponding opening of the pivoting arm,   a connecting element (1-96) of the pivot arms   in order to rotate synchronously about the axes of rotation, and - an arm (198) for moving the connecting element for alternately moving this element along a substantially rectilinear path so that the grid elements oscillate around their axes of rotation under the control of the pivoting arms. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: - the connecting element (196) has a body having a lug (226) integral with the body L -for each associated pivoting arm, the tabs being distant some others, each leg having a first section near the body to which it is connected and a second keying section spaced from the body, and - each pivoting arm has an opening whose section corresponds to the second keying section, the thickness of the arm pivoting at the opening does not   beyond the distance separating the party having   conde body locking section, - so that each swivel arm can be locked on an L bracket and can rotate stably and safely in a limited angular range around the   leg portion having the first section.   Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized   in that it comprises a device for removably holding the closure device in position, so that the latter can be removed and can give access to the secondary combustion chamber so that the   ashes accumulated can be removed.   Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized   characterized in that the air-directing device (142) has slot-shaped apertures (189a) in its upper portion so that gases can flow from the main combustion chamber (16) to the combustion chamber. secondary (30).   Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized   rised in that it includes a mobile register between a   first position (110) in which the products of   leaving the stove have a high temperature and a second position (116) in which these products of   combustion have a low temperature.   13. Charcoal stove, of the type that comprises - a grid assembly (140) for retaining coal and having at least two grid members (152, 154, 156) each rotatable about a corresponding horizontal axis, a front vertical grid (162), a rear vertical grid (160), and a first and a second vertical lateral grid (164, 166), said stove being characterized in that it comprises: - a device (164, 166) of support of the   front vertical grid above the plane of the Roman elements   grid functions (152, 154, 156) so that a horizontal slot   tale (252) is delimited and allows the introduction of a poker to stir the coal that is in the combustion chamber,   a device (142, 144) for supporting the   seems to grate above the primary air inlet intended for the combustion chamber,   a device (192) for causing the os-   the grid elements around their axes corresponding rice prices, and   a device (17b) for directing   good not burned from an upper part of the stove towards the grid set.   14. Stove according to claim 13, wherein the grid elements each comprise an elongated member   having a portion (212) provided with teeth and a central column   trale (214) support, characterized in that the column has, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the part provided   of teeth, a dimension in the central position which is greater than   than the dimension measured at the extremities of the organ equipped with teeth.   A charcoal stove of the type comprising: - a grate assembly (140) for retaining coal and having a plurality of grid members (152, 154, 156) rotatable about horizontal axes, each grid member having first and second organ   elongated support at a first and a second   mity (102, 108), these support members defining an axis (220) around which the gate element rotates, - the support devices holding the grid elements so that they can rotate about their corresponding axes, said stove characterized in that flood - each grate member has a first support portion (202) having a keying section (210), and - the stove further comprises:   a device (140, 142) for supporting the   seems to grate over a primary air inlet intended for the main combustion chamber, and   a device (192) for controlling the bone   cillation of the grid assembly, the latter comprising:   - several pivoting arms (194) connected each   a grid element at the cross section level.   flaring of the first support member, the support member passing through a corresponding opening for locking the pivoting arm,   a connection element (192) of the pivot arms   in order to rotate synchronously about the axes of rotation, and - an arm (198) for reciprocating the connecting element along a substantially rectilinear path so that the grid elements oscillate by rotation about their axes under the arm control swivel.   16. A charcoal stove of the type that includes - a heat conducting frame (10) surrounding a main combustion chamber (16), a baffle arrangement communicating with the chamber   main combustion and intended to delimit a long   internal heat exchange jet and a feed passage (20)   primary air supply for supplying air which maintains combustion in the main combustion chamber;   - an exit opening of combustion products   positioned at the top of the frame and communicating with the baffle arrangement to form a flue outlet channel; - a grate assembly (140) for retaining the coal, and   a device (17b) for directing the   good impregnated from an upper part of the stove towards   is grid-like, - the grid assembly comprising - at least two gate elements (152, 154, 156) for rotating each about a corresponding horizontal axis (220), - a front vertical grid (162), - a rear vertical grid (160), a first and a second lateral vertical grid (164, 166),   said stove being characterized in that take:   a device (142, 144) for supporting the   seems to grate above the primary air inlet intended for the main combustion chamber,   a device (142, 144, 182) for   fetch the primary air outlet from the chamber   main venting without passing through the grid assembly, the grid assembly having a device (164, 166) for supporting the front vertical grid above the level of the rotating grid elements so that a horizontal slot (252 ) be delimited and permit the introduction of a poker intended to stir coal that is in the main combustion chamber, and   a device (192) for controlling the bone cillation of the grid assembly.   17. Stove according to claim 16, characterized in that the support device comprises support openings formed in the device for preventing the exit of the primary air and intended to support the   grid elements so that they can turn.   18. Stove according to claim 17, characterized in that the grid elements each comprise:   an elongated member provided with teeth having a   tie (212) provided with teeth and a central supporting column (214), and - the column, in its central part, has a dimension, measured perpendicular to the plane of the part   with teeth, which is greater than the dimension to the ex-   tremities of the organ with teeth, in the same direction.   19. Stove according to one of claims 13 and   17, characterized in that each of the discrete elements comprises:   an elongate member provided with teeth having a first   and a second elongated support portion (202, 208) extending from the ends, the support portions cooperating with support apertures to maintain the grids in a position parallel to the horizontal axes of rotation, and - the first elongated portion (208). ) has an annular collar (206) for cooperating with the lateral vertical grid (166) so that the grid element is retained   parallel to the horizontal axis of rotation.   20. Stove according to one of claims 13 and   16, characterized in that the device for directing the coal comprises: - a fixed element (172) of hopper cooperating with an upper member of the frame and intended to direct the coal from an opening of the frame, and - a movable member Hopper (174) adjustably attached to the fixed member (172) at its bottom portion for guiding the coal from the fixed hopper member to the grate members, - the fixed member (172) of hopper having first and second members for connection according to   substantially vertical joints and having a device   designed to hold-the adjustable hopper element in a fixed position.   21. Stove according to one of claims 13 and   16, characterized in that the front vertical grid (162) has a member (180) forming a seal on one of its faces, facing the front of the heating member and intended to seal when an assembly with Front doors (12e, 12f) are closed, so that the primary air from two grid subassemblies can not be bypassed   relative to the main combustion region of the   good by circulation in the space between the set   including the front doors and the front vertical grid.   22. Stove according to claim 16, of the type in which: the grid assembly comprises a plurality of grid elements (152, 154, 156) pivotable about a horizontal axis, each grid element having a first and a second an elongate support portion (202, 208) at a first and a second end, the support portions defining an axis (220) about which the gate element rotates, and - the support devices carry the gate elements so that they can rotate about the corresponding axes, said stove being characterized in that   each grid element has a first   mity (202) having a keying section (210), and - the device (192) for oscillating the gate comprises: - several pivoting arms (194) each connected to a gate element by the keying section of the first end, this first end passing through a corresponding opening of keying of the pivoting arm,   a connection element (196) of the pivot arms   in order to rotate synchronously about the axes of rotation, and - an alternating movement arm (198) of the connecting element along a substantially rectilinear path, so that the grid elements oscillate about their axes of rotation. rotation under the command swivel arms.   23. Stove according to one of claims 15 and   22, characterized in that the connecting member (196) comprises a body integral with an L-shaped lug (226) for each pivoting arm, each lug having a first section adjacent the body to which it is connected and a second section keying away from the body, and - each pivoting arm has an opening having a section corresponding to the second keying section, the thickness of the arm at the opening being not greater than the distance separating the part of the leg having the second keying section of the body, so that the pivoting arm can lock on the L-leg and can rotate stably and securely   around the part having the first section.   24. Stove according to one of claims 13 and   16, characterized in that it comprises a mobile register   between a first position (110) in which the   combustion products leaving the stove have a high temperature, and a second position <116) in which the combustion products leaving the stove have a low temperature.