FR2481571A3 - PROPHYLACTIC-TYPE BACTER FOR PLANT CULTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

A. THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DEVICE FOR PREVENTING INFECTION AND PREMATURE LOSS OF HORTICULTURAL OR FLORICULTURAL PLANTS. B. THE DEVICE INCLUDES A STERILIZABLE CONTAINER OPEN ON THE TOP CONTAINING MATERIALS SERVING AS A STERILIZED OR DISINFECTED CULTURE MEDIUM AND CONSTITUTES A CONTAINER WITH A FLAT BOTTOM, RECTANGULAR SECTION AND WHOSE WALLS 10, 11, 12, 13 ARE DEEP. DRAINAGE PORTS 16 ARE PROVIDED IN THESE WALLS AND ABOVE THE INSIDE LEVEL OF THE BOTTOM 14 OF THE CONTAINER WHILE VERTICAL SLOTS 19 OPEN IN THE SIDE WALLS 10 AND 11 FROM THE LOWER FACE OF THE BOTTOM OF THE BIN AND COMMUNICATE WITH DRAINAGE PORTS 16.

Description

The subject of the invention is, in a general manner,

  methods and devices used in horti-

  culture, floriculture etc. for growing young plants, seeds, cuttings and transplants - and more specifically a suitable method and device for use in nurseries or planks

  transplanting to grow and reproduce plants and bouquets

  special circumstances, subject to a high loss rate by

  of considerable susceptibility to infections caused by

  microorganisms transmitted by the soil.

  It is known that some plants, for example carnations and especially the variety of carnations known as "Sim", which is a long-stemmed variety, are difficult to obtain and store in commercially acceptable amounts in the adult state. after growing them from cuttings taken from

  mother plants and brought to the productive phase. From

  losses occur, in fact, as a result of the sen-

  the susceptibility of these plants to infections carried by soil-borne microorganisms which are pathogenic to plants and characterized by fungal infections such as fusarium and rust of carnations, such as uromyces carophyllus. Similarly, significant premature losses occur in adult plants, with reduced life expectancy, as a result of a return to

  from layers of soil underlying the upper layers

  which have been previously disinfected or sterilized before placing the plants. So,

  new contaminations occur in

  top of greenhouse planks land, yet

  previously sterilized because microorganisms

  from bottom to top or are brought back to the surface

  by raising the water level with trays of ice

  or when the roots of certain plants, such as Sim carnets, penetrate to the deeper layers, the infection then

  invading the whole plant, unless the plant can not

  risse by the root. For all these reasons, it is important

  plants, seedlings and cuttings which are very sensitive to

  fections are grown in a sterile environment, disinfected

  both the upper solid layer in order to obtain the

  of any substance used as a growth medium in the upper layer, while at the same time

  it is obviously important to overcome the infection by

  by means of ad hoc devices, such as airlocks and double doors, maintaining the cleanliness of the ambient air in the greenhouse, particularly for

  mother plants, cuttings and young plants.

  The aim of the invention is therefore to provide prophylactic means for increasing the sterility of the horticultural environment, in particular for Sim carnations, which are extremely sensitive to infection by

  pathological microorganisms. -

  Another object of the invention is to provide a method of prophylaxis to reduce the premature loss of adult plants during the productive phase of their life because of transmitted infections.

  by micro-organisms from the soil.

  On the other hand, the invention aims to create the

  necessary conditions to improve the economic performance of

  from a nursery or a transplant, thanks to a

  more sterile virescence of pathogen-sensitive plants, such as Sim carnations, while prolonging

  the active phase of the life of the plant.

  One aspect of the invention resides

  in a means of prophylaxis to prevent infection and reduce premature losses

  of seedlings and cuttings susceptible to

  coming from the ground at the moment of the productive phase of life

  plants, said means comprising a sterilized container

  surrounded by contiguous walls with a bottom or floor, constructed of a material supporting disinfection, so that said container can be placed on the floor of a greenhouse, in contact therewith, the dimensions of the

  container is sufficient to accommodate the ma-

  sterile, which contain the plants by promoting their growth, while outlets are formed in the walls of the

  container, above the level of its bottom; the materials

  The plants themselves are thus deprived of direct contact with the soil by means of a prophylactic barrier which isolates them, thus reducing the risk of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms originating from the soil and which can infect plants by migration from bottom to top by

conventional flow holes.

  The aforementioned container is preferably

  in the form of an extruded polystyrene foam container

  the outlet openings being arranged in the side walls at a height of 25 mm to 50 mm above the level of the underside of the bottom of the tank and at a height of between 12.25 mm and 25.4 mm above the upper surface of said soil, which allows to erect a prophylactic barrier between the soil on the one hand, the material containing the plants and the latter themselves

  on the other hand, while providing, through

  lowered, a holding trough for water and fertilizers,

  containing a clean sheet of water. On the other hand, the

  The flow rates should not be higher than

  excessively, or else drown the contents of the tank and

  to cause the plants to rot.

  The tray is preferably of parallel shape

  epipedic and has an integrated partition wall

which subdivides it.

  On the other hand, the tray preferably has a

  configuration to stack it, thanks to

  nesting and recesses of the lower edges for inserting fingers to clear a tray or for

lift it.

  It turned out that polystyrene foam

  expanded promotes uniformity of temperature by

as a thermal insulator.

  According to another aspect of the invention, this

  it aims at recommending a method for reducing plant losses that are ultra-sensitive to infections by pathogenic micro-organisms from the soil, said method of placing the culture medium with

  plants in a container or tray described above in accordance with

  putting it in the event that it has not been previously

  sterilized, for example at the time of manufacture, disinfection and sterilization that includes the culture medium it contains, before placing it on the ground, where it is in contact with the earth of a greenhouse etc., to place the plants without risk of new infection of the culture medium or the plants themselves contained

  in the bin due to migration of microorganisms -

  pathogens from the soil or its underlayments, or

  as a result of root penetration of culti-

  tived to the said deep layers, so that any infection of the above type is either avoided,

  at least reduced by this prophylactic barrier

  tick interposed between the soil and the culture medium,

  barrier formed by the sealed bottom of the container or tray.

  As for the plant growing medium, it may consist of any suitable material, for example gravel, slag, sand, quartz of vermiculite and any inert material suitable for serving.

for hydroponics.

  Normally, considering the method of manufacture, the bins according to the invention are received by horticulturists and nurserymen in the sterile state,

  which dispenses with a new operation of

  rilisation of the tray and the middle, but before re-use, the-tray

must be sterilized again.

  The sterilization of the culture medium is carried out at about 700 ° C. for a period of approximately one hour, before depositing said material in manufacturing sterilized containers or sterilized again, but these conditions may vary according to need. In addition, improved results in plant growth and survival can be achieved by adjusting other factors, such as

  light, heat, the composition of the atmosphere

  The latter two factors have a direct impact on the improvement of the growth and the percentage of survival of Sim carnations, corresponding to

  to a privileged aspect of the invention.

  Adjustment of humidity and elements

  nutrients allows for more growth

  guru and increased resistance of the plants to

  dies. A privileged technique of humidity control

  and nutritional elements is watering drip.

  In this manual, "sterile, sterilizable, sterilizable", etc., terms

  used for the description of the invention, the

  microorganisms that specifically cause substantial premature loss of adult Sim carnation plants during the most productive period

of their life.

  An example of practical execution, without

  limitation, of the prophylactic device according to

  the invention, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, is described below.

after.

  Figure 1 is a view of the tray in perspec-

rider.

  Figure 2 is a bottom view of the tray

according to Figure 1.

  The prophylactic device according to

  gures are made of expanded polystyrene foam

  and takes the form of a rectangular section tray

  placed side walls 10, 11, front walls 12,

  13, a bottom 14 and, in the example chosen, a partition

  Inner block molded sound 15 with the tray. All interior angles of the tank, as well as the inner edges joining the walls and the bottom,

  are rounded to increase the mechanical strength.

  It should be understood that the number of separating partitions

  In any case, these interior partitions may be

  may also be absent, but this latter construction

  is not recommended. The side walls of the tank have suitably spaced outlets 16, preferably two in the side wall of each compartment, and located about one-third to one-quarter of the length of said wall, at about 19 mm above the interior level of the bottom of the tank. The precise spacing or exact height of these outlets is less important than their ability to perform their function, which is to maintain an effective barrier against contamination by contaminants.

  pathogenic microorganisms present in the soil during

  that the tank is placed on the ground in a greenhouse, as well as

  constitute a reservoir of water and nutritional elements.

  In the embodiment shown, the side walls of the tray also have four beveled recesses 17 for inserting the fingers to take and lift the tray, especially when it is contained in a stack

and must be cleared.

  The bottom view of FIG. 2 shows that the container has longitudinal ribs 18 intended to

  to help with stacking, increase resistance to tor-

  and put a larger area of the bottom out of contact with the ground. Vertical notches 19, which open into the side walls from the underside of the bottom of the tank, communicate with the outlets 16 arranged in the interior above the level.

from the inside of the bottom.

  The bin can be used, optionally, in

  Judging with the use of black polystyrene sheets placed on the ground, following the usual horticulture mistakes. Finally, the tray can be placed on raised benches instead of being placed

On the ground.

  In the example chosen, the ferry in service

  is filled with a medium, previously sterilized, favoring

  growth or reproduction, it being understood that if the bin was not previously sterile, said bin,

  sterile or non-sterile inert material is often

  Steam sterilization at 710C during a

  hour, then placed in a greenhouse where he receives

  seedlings or young seedlings Sim. Tests have shown that the rate of premature loss of adult seedlings of Sim carnets can be reduced by up to a fraction in the particularly critical phase.

  takes place between the 6th and the 9th month after

  cuttings through the implementation of the procedure

  of prophylaxis according to the invention, this last

  thus creating better conditions or results

  economically more advantageous by means of a reproduc-

  growth and growth in a more sterile environment,

  important consistency in the case of costly plants

  and susceptible to disease, where the rate of loss of adult plants during the most productive portion of

  their lives are greatly reduced.

  The implementation of the process and the arrangement

  The invention has many advantages, among which may be mentioned a reduction in the number of mother plants, the reduction of greenhouse areas.

  used for transplanting, a saving in labor-saving

  vre and material. Plants, for their part, grow

  feel faster and are more vigorous than before.

  All the necessary equipment is available in the store.

this.

Claims (8)

  1) Device for preventing infection and   premature loss of adult, horticultural or flora plants   ricoles, as a result of diseases caused by microorganisms   pathogenic diseases-emanating from the soil and attacking   plants, said device being constituted by a recipe   sterilizable pest that may contain plants placed   in materials forming sterile culture media   or container, characterized in that it contains a prophylactic barrier which   when the container with its contents is placed directly   on land, prevents contamination of   and environment surrounding them by bottom-to-top migration of soil microorganisms, at least during   most of the growth phase of plants.   2) Device according to claim 1, characterized   in that the container, discovered on the top, can be sterilized and placed on a flat floor of a greenhouse,   in direct contact with the earth, the dimensions of the   pientoientant sufficient to place a culture medium   previously sterilized, or at least sterilizable, while flow orifices open into walls of the container, above the level of the bottom of the container.   the latter, the said fund itself having no   wise that allows the establishment of a communi-   between the soil and the growing medium.   3) Device according to claims 1 or   2, characterized in that the plants placed in the container are sim eyelets.   4) Device according to claims 1 or   2, characterized in that the container has the form of a   flat-bottomed tank, reclangular section, whose -   side walls are deep. ' A device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container   or tray is formed of rigid expanded polystyrene foam.   6) Device according to claims 4 or 5,   characterized in that the bottom of the container has a surface   this unit, uninterrupted by drainage or flow holes opening directly, through the face   top of said bottom, towards the underside of the bottom this.   7) Device according to any one of the   4 to 6, characterized in that the profiles of the   are rounded inside the trihedral angles   the faces and the bottom, as well as at the dihedral angles   formed by the walls with the bottom, so as to reinforce these profiles.   8) Device according to any one of the   preceding dications, characterized in that discharge holes are formed in two walls (side) of the container or tray, said orifices opening inside   said tray above the bottom level.   9) Device according to any one of the   preceding indications, characterized in that the discharge openings are extended by chimneys or cuts   rectangular section, ending on the outer face   re of the base of two side walls and not crossing   the bottom only at its outer edge formed with the sides.