GB2074834A - Apparatus for growing plants - Google Patents
Apparatus for growing plants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2074834A GB2074834A GB8014365A GB8014365A GB2074834A GB 2074834 A GB2074834 A GB 2074834A GB 8014365 A GB8014365 A GB 8014365A GB 8014365 A GB8014365 A GB 8014365A GB 2074834 A GB2074834 A GB 2074834A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- container
- soil
- plant
- tray
- plant material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 240000006497 Dianthus caryophyllus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000035415 Reinfection Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 235000009355 Dianthus caryophyllus Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 humidity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016462 Mimosa pudica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000876852 Scorias Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221576 Uromyces Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009363 floriculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940084434 fungoid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/021—Pots formed in one piece; Materials used therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
Abstract
To prevent infection of plant material, e.g. Sim carnation cuttings, by soil-borne micro-organisms, the material is grown in a container having a prophylactic barrier whereby when the container is placed on the soil, the barrier prevents upward migration of the micro-organisms during at least the major part of the productive growth stage of the plant material. The container has drainage apertures 16 in its side walls above its base which apertures may connect with vertical slots 19 opening into the side walls from the base of the container. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Apparatus for growing plants
This invention relates generally to methods and equipment used in horticulture, floriculture and the like for growing plant material such as seeds, cuttings and plants and more particularly the invention is concerned with a method and equipment suitable for use in nurseries for growing and propagating special plants and cuttings which are subject to high premature death rate because of susceptibility to infection by soil-borne micro-organisms.
It is well known that plants such as carnations and especially the variety known as Sim carnations which are a long-stemmed variety, are difficult to raise or maintain in commercially acceptable quantities in the mature plant stage after raising from cuttings taken from mother plants and then young plants to the productive stage. Losses of plants occur because of susceptibility to infection by soil micro-oryanisms which are pathogenic to plants and typified by fungoid diseases such as fusarium and carnation rust (Uromyces carophyllus). Heavy premature losses occur in mature plants with reduction in productive life span by re-infection from lower soil layers of previously fumigated or "sterilized" upper layers of soil in which the plants are growing.Thus re-contamination of upper soil layers in previously sterilized, ground level greenhouse beds occurs when micro-organisms migrate upwards or are elevated by rising water tables or when the roots of plants such as Sim carnations penetrate downwards to the lower levels and infection then spreads upwards to the whole plant or it can die off at the roots. For these reasons it is essential that plants, seeds or cuttings which are very disease prone are grown in "sterile" conditions using fumigation of the upper solid layer for "sterilization" of any soil or plant growing medium in the upper layer and, of course it is necessary to reduce airborne infection by use of such devices as air locks and double doors to maintain a clean glasshouse environment particularly for maintaining mother plant stock, cuttings and young plants.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide prophylactic means for providing a more germ-free environment for growing plants, and cuttings such as Sim carnations which are hypersensitive to infection by disease-bearing microorganisms.
Another object is to provide a prophylactic method for reducing premature loss of mature plants at the productive stage of their life span by infection from soil-borne micro-organisms.
A further object is to provide a new or improved economically advantageous result or condition in a plant nursery environment in the form of an improved prophylactic growing environment for disease sensitive plants such as Sim carnations whereby the productive stage of the life span of the plants is prolonged.
The invention, according to one aspect, may broadly reside in prophylactic means for preventing infection and reducing premature loss
of disease to susceptible plants and cuttings by soil-borne pathogenic micro-organisms at the
productive stage in the life span of the plants, which means comprises a "sterilizable" container with walls joined to a base member or floor and constructed of sterilizable material and adapted to be placed on level ground in contact with soil in a greenhouse, the dimensions of the container being sufficient for the placement therein of presterilized or sterilizable plant growth media, drainage apertures being provided in walls of the container above the level of the bottom thereof whereby plant growth media and plant material are out of direct contact with the ground and soil thereby providing a prophylactic barrier for the said media and material to reduce the likelihood of soil-borne pathogenic micro-organisms contaminating the media and infecting the plant material by upward migration from the soil directly through conventional bottom drainage holes.
Preferably, the container is in the form of a deep tray of expanded foam polystyrene and drainage holes are positioned in side walls at a height of about 1 to 2 inches above the level of the lower surface of the base or floor of the tray and at about 2 to 1 inch above the level of the upper surface of the floor or about 25mm to 50mm and 12.25mm and 25.4mm respectively, thus forming a prophylactic barrier between the soil and plant growth media and plant material in the tray and also providing a water and nutrient retention trough and clean synthetic water table in the bottom of the tray for water and nutrient. On the other hand, the drainage holes should not be positioned at a height which allows waterlogging of the media and plant material and causes rotting of plants.
Preferably, the tray is of rectangular configuration and has an integrally moulded longitudinal dividing wall.
Preferably, the tray is of stackable configuration with interlocking members and has indentations on the lower marginai portion of each end for insertion of fingers for separating stacked trays or for lifting.
It has been found that expanded foam polystyrene promotes more uniform temperature regulation by acting as thermal insulation means.
The invention, according to another aspect, resides in a method for reducing the loss of plant material which is hyper-sensitive to infection by diseases due to soil-borne plant pathogenic microorganisms, which comprises placing plant growth media in the above described container or tray, and, when the container is not already sterile as by fresh manufacture, subjecting the container and growth media to sterilization, placing same onto the ground in contact with soil in a greenhouse or the like, placing plant material into the media whereby re-infection of the media and plant material in the container by migration of plant pathogenic micro-organisms from the soil or soil lower layers or penetration of plant roots into the same is substantially prevented or reduced by the
prophylactic barrier placed between the soil and
media and plant material by virtue of the sealed
bottom of the container or tray.
The plant growth medium or media can be selected from any suitable particulate material such as for example, gravel, scoria, quartz or sand, or vermicuiite and inert material which can be
used for hydroponics.
Normally, because of the manufacturing
process, the trays of this invention are received by
nurserymen in a sterilized condition and it is therefore not necessary to further sterilize the tray and media, but the tray should be sterilized before re-use.
Preferably the plant growth medium is sterilized using steam sterilization at about 1 600F for about one hour and then placed into freshly manufactured or re-sterilized trays, but these conditions can be varied as required.
Additionally, better results of plant growth and survival can be obtained by controlling such factors as light, heat, atmosphere, humidity, water and nutrients and the latter two factors have a bearing on enhanced growth and survival of Sim carnations in accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention.
Control of moisture and nutrient promote more vigorous and healthier plant growth which are more disease resistant. One preferred technique for moisture and nutrient control is by using trickle irrigation.
Throughout this specification it is to be understood that such terms as "sterile", "sterilization", "sterilizable" and the like are relative terms for the purpose of this invention and means the elimination of those micro-organisms which specifically cause substantial premature loss of mature plants of Sim carnations during the most productive period of their life span.
A practical example of the prophylactic device or means and methods of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the tray.
Figure 2 is an underneath view.
Referring to the drawing, the prophylactic device or means is constructed from expanded foam polystyrene in the form of a deep rectangular shaped tray having external side walls 10, 1 end wails 12, 13, a bottom or floor 14, and in this particular embodiment an integrally moulded longitudinal internal dividing wall 1 5. Each internal corner of the walls and the junction of the floor and walls is rounded for strength. It is to be understood that any number of internal dividing walls may be included, or the dividing wall may be omitted altogether but this is not recommended.
The side walls of the tray are provided with suitable spaced drainage holes 1 6 and preferably two in the side wall or outer side wall of each compartment at about one third or one quarter of the distance along the wall and about three quarters of an inch (19mum) above the level of the floor of the tray. The precise spacings or heights of
the drainage holes is not as important as is the
function to provide an effective barrier against
contamination by soil-borne plant pathogenic
micro-organisms by the tray being placed in
contact with the ground in a greenhouse and also
to provide water or nutrient-retaining reservoir.In
this embodiment the side walls of each tray are
each also provided with four bevelled recesses 1 7 for access of fingers to enable the tray to be
gripped when lifting, but particularly to enable
disengagement when the trays are stacked. In the
underneath view shown in Figure 3, the tray is
provided with longitudinal ribs 1 8 to assist stackability and torsional strength and for keeping a larger area of the bottom of the tray off the ground. Vertically disposed rectangular slots 1 9 open into the side walls from the bottom surface of the tray and connect with the drainage holes 1 6
above the floor level inside the tray. The tray can,
if desired by used in conjunction with black
polyethylene sheeting placed on the ground in accordance with normal nursery practice.
Furthermore the tray can be placed on raised benches instead of on the ground.
In use, for this particular example, the tray is filled with pre-sterilized plant growth or propagating medium and if the tray is not already sterile the tray and sterilized or unsterilized medium is steam sterilized at 1 6O0F for about 1 hour and then placed in a greenhouse for the insertion of cuttings or young plants of Sim carnations.It has been found from experimental trials that the rate of premature loss of mature Sim carnation plants can be reduced by up to 50% at the critical high loss or fatality stage of 6-9 months from origination from the mother plant by using the prophylactic method and means of this invention and the invention provides an improved condition or economically valuable result in terms of a more "sterile" propagating and growing environment for expensive and disease prone plants whereby premature loss or fatality of mature plants during the most productive period of the life span is greatly reduced.
Many advantages accrue from the present invention and to name a few, the number of mother plants can be reduced, the nursery greenhouses and amount of labour and equipment can also be reduced. The plants also exhibit a greater growth rate and are more vigorous than heretofore. All the materials used are readily available.
Claims (11)
1. Apparatus for preventing infection and premature loss of mature horticultural or floricultural plant material susceptible to disease by soil-borne micro-organisms pathogenic to said plant material and which comprises a "sterilizable" container for holding Plant growth material in "sterilized" or fumigated plant growth media placed in said container which is provided with a prophylactic barrier so that when the container and contents are placed upon the ground over soil, the barrier prevents contamination of the media and plant material by upward migration of said soil micro-organisms during at least the major part of the productive growth stage of the plant material.
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the apparatus comprises an open-top "sterilizable" container adapted to be placed on level ground in contact with soil in a greenhouse, the dimensions of the container being sufficient for the placement therein of pre-sterilized or "sterilizable" plant growth media, drainage apertures being provided in walls of the container above the level of the bottom thereof, the bottom of the container being uninterrupted by apertures making direct contact or access between ground soil and plant growth media.
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the plant material is mature Sim carnation plants.
4. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the container is in the form of a flat rectangular tray with deep side walls.
5. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the tray or container is formed from rigid, expanded polystyrene foam.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, wherein the bottom of the tray is formed as a surface uninterrupted by drainage apertures opening directly from the bottom surface into the floor of the tray.
7. Apparatus according to any one of Claims 4 to 6 wherein curved reinforcing sections are provided at corners between all walls and at the junction of the walls and the floor of the tray.
8. Apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein drainage holes are provided in two (side) walls of the container or tray which open into the tray interior above the level of the floor thereof.
9. Apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein the drainage holes or apertures are in the form of narrow, rectangular shafts or slots in the outer surface of the lower portion of two side walls and extend only through the outer edges of the bottom.
1 0. Apparatus for preventing infection and premature loss of mature, growing, Sim carnation plants susceptible to disease by soil-borne microorganisms pathogenic to said plants substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
11. A method for reducing the loss of growing plant material which is hypersensitive to infection by disease due to soil-borne, plant pathogenic micro-organisms substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
11. A method for reducing the loss of growing plant material which is hyper-sensitive to infection by diseases due to soil-borne, plant pathogenic micro-organisms, which comprises placing plant growth media the container or tray according to any one of Claims 1 to 10 and, when the container is not already sterilized as by fresh manufacture and after usage, subjecting the container or tray and growth media to sterilization as hereinbefore defined, placing said container on the ground with growth media therein or adding sterilized growth media separately and with the container in contact with soil in a greenhouse or the like, placing plant material into the media whereby re-infection of the media and plant material in the container or tray by migration of plant pathogenic microorganisms from the soil or soil lower layers or from penetration of plant roots into the same is substantially prevented or reduced by the prophylactic barrier placed between the soil and the media and plant material by virtue of the sealed bottom of the container or tray.
1 2. A method for reducing the loss of growing plant material which is hypersensitive to infection by diseases due to soil-borne, plant pathogenic micro-organisms substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
New claims or amendments to claims filed on 2.3.81 Superseded claims 1-12 New or amended claims: 1 Apparatus for preventing infection and premature loss of mature horticultural or floricultural plant material susceptible to disease by soil-borne micro-organisms pathogenic to said plant material and which comprises a "serilizable" container for holding plant growth material in sterilized or fumigated plant growth media placed in said container, said container being formed integrally of sterilizable material as a unitary article, said container comprising side walls and a base, said base providing a bottom surface on which to support the container and an upper surface defining an internal floor surface, the internal wall surfaces of the side walls and said floor surface providing at least one internal compartment which is adapted to accommodate plant material and plant growth media, said floor surface being formed as a continuous surface uninterrupted by drainage apertures opening directly from said bottom surface through the floor surface and also provides a prophylactic barrier so that when the container and contents are placed upon the ground over soil the barrier prevents contamination of the media and plant material by upward migration of said soil micro-organisms during at least the major part of the productive growth stage of the plant material, and wherein drainage apertures extend outwardly from the internal compartment through internal wall surfaces of the side walls at a level above and spaced from the floor surface.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the drainage apertures extend from the internal wall surfaces of the side walls inwardly and downwardly through the side walls to discharge at the level of the support surface.
3. Apparatus as claimed in either Claim 1 or
Claim 2, wherein the container is in the form of a flat rectangular tray with deep side walls.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the container is formed from rigid, expanded polystyrene foam.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein curved reinforcing sections are provided at corners between all walls and at the junction of the walls and the floor in said compartment.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein longitudinally extending ribs are provided on the lowermost surface of the base, said ribs supporting the container with said lowermost surface spaced from the ground.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein a rib or ribs divide the container internally to provide a plurality of compartments.
8. Apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein the drainage holes or apertures are in the form of narrow, rectangular shafts or slots in the outer surface of the lower portion of two side walls and extend only through the outer edges of the bottom.
9. Apparatus for preventing infection and premature loss of mature, growing, Sim carnation plants susceptible to disease by soil-borne microorganisms pathogenic to said plants substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
10. A method for reducing the loss of growing plant material which is hyper-sensitive to infection by disease due to soil-borne, plant pathogenic micro-organisms, which comprises placing plant growth media the container or tray according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 and, when the container is not already sterilized as by fresh manufacture and after usage, subjecting the container or tray and growth media to sterilization as hereinbefore defined, placing said container on the ground with growth media therein or adding sterilized growth media separately and with the container in contact with soil in a greenhouse or the like, placing plant material into the media whereby re-infection of the media and plant material in the container or tray by migration of plant pathogenic microorganisms from the soil or soil lower layers or from penetration of plant roots into the same is substantially prevented or reduced by the prophylactic barrier placed between the soil and the media and plant material by virtue of the sealed bottom of the container or tray.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8014365A GB2074834B (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-05-01 | Apparatus for growing plants |
| NL8004495A NL8004495A (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-08-06 | APPARATUS FOR GROWING PLANTS. |
| DE19808028912U DE8028912U1 (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-10-30 | DEVICE FOR BREEDING PLANTS |
| BE0/202681A BE885998A (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-10-31 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING INFECTION AND PREMATURE LOSS OF HORTICULTURAL OR FLORICULTURAL PLANTS |
| IT25735/80A IT1134147B (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-11-03 | EQUIPMENT FOR GROWTH OF PLANTS |
| FR8025632A FR2481571A3 (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-12-03 | PROPHYLACTIC-TYPE BACTER FOR PLANT CULTURE |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8014365A GB2074834B (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-05-01 | Apparatus for growing plants |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2074834A true GB2074834A (en) | 1981-11-11 |
| GB2074834B GB2074834B (en) | 1983-06-29 |
Family
ID=10513121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8014365A Expired GB2074834B (en) | 1980-05-01 | 1980-05-01 | Apparatus for growing plants |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE885998A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE8028912U1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2481571A3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2074834B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1134147B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8004495A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0131089A2 (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-01-16 | Hans Zarm | Flower box |
| GB2163335A (en) * | 1984-08-23 | 1986-02-26 | Dennis William Clarke | Plant pot |
| US6851221B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2005-02-08 | Versascapes, L.L.C. | Flats and tray systems for plant borders and methods for using same |
| WO2016151186A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-09-29 | Green Automation Export Oy | Hydroponic growing system |
-
1980
- 1980-05-01 GB GB8014365A patent/GB2074834B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-06 NL NL8004495A patent/NL8004495A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-10-30 DE DE19808028912U patent/DE8028912U1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-10-31 BE BE0/202681A patent/BE885998A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-11-03 IT IT25735/80A patent/IT1134147B/en active
- 1980-12-03 FR FR8025632A patent/FR2481571A3/en active Granted
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0131089A2 (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-01-16 | Hans Zarm | Flower box |
| EP0131089A3 (en) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-10-23 | Hans Zarm | Flower box |
| GB2163335A (en) * | 1984-08-23 | 1986-02-26 | Dennis William Clarke | Plant pot |
| US6851221B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2005-02-08 | Versascapes, L.L.C. | Flats and tray systems for plant borders and methods for using same |
| WO2016151186A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-09-29 | Green Automation Export Oy | Hydroponic growing system |
| AU2016238721B2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2019-10-31 | Green Automation Group Oy | Hydroponic growing system |
| RU2711960C2 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2020-01-23 | Грин Отомейшн Груп Ой | Hydroponic growing system |
| US10842094B2 (en) | 2015-03-25 | 2020-11-24 | Green Automation Export Oy | Hydroponic growing system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE885998A (en) | 1981-02-16 |
| DE8028912U1 (en) | 1981-05-14 |
| FR2481571B3 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
| NL8004495A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
| IT8025735A0 (en) | 1980-11-03 |
| FR2481571A3 (en) | 1981-11-06 |
| IT1134147B (en) | 1986-07-24 |
| GB2074834B (en) | 1983-06-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |