FR2480624A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INDENTIONALLY SEPARATING PARTICLES FROM MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

THE INVENTION RELATES TO A METHOD AND A DEVICE FOR SEPARATING VARIOUS PARTICLES FROM MATERIALS. THE PARTICLES TO BE SORTED ARE EXPOSED TO TWO DIFFERENT PHENOMENONES, KNOWING A MECHANICAL PHENOMENON SUCH AS GRAVITY DEFINING A BASIC TRAJECTORY 3, AND AN ELECTRIC PHENOMENON SUCH AS A SLIDING MAGNETIC FIELD OR FORCES OF LAPLACE 4 ENGENDER 2 CAPABLE TO DEVIATE THE PARTICLES FROM THEIR BASIC TRAJECTORY. APPLICATION: SEPARATION OF PARTICLES OF MAGNETIC CONDUCTIVE, AMAGNETIC AND OR NON-CONDUCTIVE CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a device

  to separate various particles of materials.

  The invention aims more particularly at the separation-of

  these particles by the use of certain

  known tribes taken separately or in combination, and such as: - Poucault currents, - Laplace force, - magnetic field, - Lentz and Paraday law (Neumann) - induction,

- others.

  The purpose of the present invention is to enable the extraction and separation of various materials that were previously difficult to achieve.

  recoverable by conventional means of sorting.

  The invention makes it possible to separate three categories of materials t - magnetic conducting materials, - nonmagnetic conducting materials,

- non-conductive materials.

  The invention aims to achieve: - Either a separation of the different materials in the

  three specific categories mentioned above.

  Either a separation of various types of materials in the same category, for example to separate the aluminum from the copper, or to separate non-magnetic steel from any other non-magnetic metal, the sorting taking place in this case as a function of the resistivity metals.

  - A combination of the two functions mentioned above.

  A process according to the invention is characterized in that the particles to be sorted are exposed to at least two different phenomena.

  able to act independently of one another on the move-

  particles, namely: a mechanical phenomenon defining a basic trajectory for each particle;

  - an electrical phenomenon, with at least one capacitive inductor

  to deflect particles from their basic trajectory.

  According to a further characteristic of the invention, at least one linear plane linear motor inductor is used,

  or any other planar inductor allowing to obtain either a

  slippery gnetic, a Laplace force.

  According to a variant of the invention, a cylindrical inductor is used. According to a further characteristic of the invention,

  the gravitational forces are used as a mechanical phenomenon.

  According to a variant of the invention, it is used, as

  mechanical phenomenon, centrifugal forces.

  According to another variant of the invention, a fluid flow system is used as a mechanical phenomenon, such as

than a draft.

  According to another variant of the invention, as a mechanical phenomenon, a transport system such as a

  conveyor belt or conveyor discs.

  According to another variant of the invention, use is made

  as a mechanical phenomenon, a pulsed system such as a system

  spring projection system or an explosion system.

  According to a further characteristic of the invention, the action of displacement induced by the electrical phenomenon takes place transversely with respect to the basic trajectory defined by

the mechanical phenomenon.

  According to a variant of the invention, the action of displacement induced by the electrical phenomenon results in an acceleration

  more or less intense particles to sort along their trajec-

basic area.

  According to another variant of the invention, the action of

  placement induced by the electrical phenomenon results in a more or less intense braking of the particles to be sorted along

their basic trajectory.

  The attached drawing, given by way of non-limiting example,

  will provide a better understanding of the features of the invention.

  - Figure 1 is a side view of an installation for the

  implementation of a method according to the invention.

  FIG. 2 is a front view of the inductor of this instru-

  tallation. Figures 3 to 5 are perspective views showing various

  types of installations for carrying out the process according to the

  vemLtion, with planar inductors.

  - Figures 6 to 8 are side views of installations to

  planar inductors for carrying out the process according to the invention.

  tion. 9 is a perspective view of a cylindrical inductor installation for carrying out the method according to the invention.

  - Figure 10 is a section X-X (Fig 9).

  - Figure 11 is a perspective view of another type of

  cylindrical inductor installation.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a planar inductor and conveyor belt installation for the implementation of FIG.

process according to the invention.

  13 is a section XIII-XIII (FIG. 12).

  FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an installation in

  plane inductor and disc carriers.

  - Figure 15 is a section IV-XV (Figure 14).

  - Figure 16 is a perspective view of an installation to

  planar inductor, conveyor belt, and conveyor disc.

  - Figure 17 is a perspective view of a plant in

plane inductor.

  The drawings show various installations capable of

  to be used for the implementation of the process according to

  vention, which involves acting on particles to sort two different phenomena, namely: - a mechanical phenomenon capable of defining a basic trajectory for each particle; an electrical phenomenon, comprising at least one inductor

  able to deflect the particles from their basic trajectory.

For this, we can use:

  Or a conventional planar inductor 1 (FIG.

  Linear motor driver with polyphase or single-phase power supply

  with phase shift by capacitor. The phase shift can be made to be close to the resonance of the circuit, allowing

  to obtain larger impulses of flow.

  - Either any other plane inductor, whose winding will be carried out so as to create a sliding field, or a Laplace force

  directed in a privileged and interesting direction for

  desired age. It can thus be a spiral coil 2 (FIG.

  and 2) allowing a repulsion of non-magnetic conductive materials

c.

  - Or mobile permanent magnets.

  Mans the first two cases, we can place two inductors

  vis-à-vis (fig 5) to improve the sorting efficiency, and

  Dement. The inductor may be: cylindrical, possibly in the form of a hollow cylinder, or in the form of several concentric cylinders; - in cylinder portion;

  - in the form of a crown, conical, frustoconical, or a

other geometrical form.

  The winding may be axial or cirounferential.

  The inductor is further characterized by: the fact that it can be adapted to the granulometry of the materials to be sorted; - The fact that it can be cooled by water or air, or by any other means, the system may include automatic temperature control; - the fact that we can place in front of him a breech of

flow return.

  As a mechanical phenomenon defining a basic trajectory, it is possible to use t - the forces of gravity; centrifugal forces; - a fluid flow system, such as a stream of air, a compressed air system, or any other suitable fluid; a transport system such as a conveyor belt or conveyor discs; a pulsed system such as a projection system

  by spring, explosion, or other.

  The basic trajectory may have various orientations.

  It can be vertical, for example (fig 1), if we use the

  earthly, or horizontal (Fig. 3), using a current of air.

  The materials to be sorted can pass either in front

  duct (fig 1 to 4), or between two inductors (fig 5).

  The trajectory deviation obtained from the phenomenon

  may be perpendicular or tangential to the trajectory

  base 3, or have a different direction from the plan

inductor or inductors.

  In the case of FIG. 1, the base trajectory 3 is therefore vertical whereas the Laplace forces 4 generated by 1 '

  inductor 2 provided with a spiral coil 5 are horizontal.

  In the case of FIGS. 3 to 5, a jet of compressed air 6 defines

  nitune horizontal base trajectory 7 while the inductors

generate vertical forces 8.

  In the case of FIGS. 6 to 11, a planar or cylindrical inductor generates a sliding field which brakes or accelerates the particles. Thus, with a rising and vertical base trajectory 9 (FIG. 6), a vertical plane inductor establishes a sliding field which

  generates a downward force capable of braking the particles.

  Some of them then turn back (trajectory 9a), tan-

  say that others cross the course of the inductor (trajectory 9jk).

  An external action schematized by an arrow 11, and constituted by a current of air or an obstacle, deflect the latter from

  their vertical trajectory, to allow their recovery.

  With a horizontal base trajectory 12 (FIG.

  using an air jet placed above the level of an induc-

  horizontal plane 13, it is possible to use the acceleration 14 generated by

  by the sliding field of the inductor so as to define

  areas of falling particles. In these different areas of fall, we place containers such as 15, 16 and 17 gathering

  for example, non-conductive materials,

  weak conductors, and highly conductive materials.

  The same principle is used for the realization of the

  8, the basic trajectory being this time defined by a horizontal conveyor belt 18 above which is disposed 1 '

  inductor 19 generating tangential directional acceleration 20

  the. According to FIGS. 9 and 10, a cylindrical inductor 20

  in which a rotating field is established generating circular forces

  The axis of the inductor being oriented vertically, the particles introduced along the arrow 23 to the upper feed station of the inductor tend,

  by gravity, to be progressively accelerated along a trajectory

  helical roof. The forces 21 give the particles

  additional celeration more or less intense depending on their nature, and the particles finally ejected with more or less speed at the lower output of the inductor are recovered in

  several drop points such as 24, 25 and 26.

  According to FIG. 11, a cylindrical inductor is always used.

  drique with a vertical axis and a spiral ramp, but the

  This mentation 27 is placed this time at an intermediate altitude of the ramp, while the circular forces 28 generated by the rotating field are exerted on the particles in the direction corresponding to the rise of the particles along the ramp. In this case, the conductive products go up the ramp and are ejected by the upper outlet 29, while the non-conductive products are

  recovered at the lower exit 30.

  The effect of the inductor may therefore allow certain

  to overcome various phenomena such as

  the friction on a given surface (here, the friction against

the ramp), and others.

  According to FIGS. 12 and 13, two trans-

  superimposed orthogonal carriers 31 and 32, and a planar inductor 33 which, placed above the lower run of the upper band 32, generates a sliding field 34 against the current of the displacement of said lower strand of the strip 32. The position of supply 35 is located at the upstream end of the lower band 31, and is collected: - the magnetic conductive materials at the downstream end 36 of the upper band 32; the nonmagnetic conducting materials at the upstream end 37 of the upper band 32; the non-conductive materials at the downstream end 38 of the

lower band 31.

  According to another variant illustrated in FIGS. 14 and, on the one hand, a lower conveyor disc with a vertical axis 39 is used, and on the other hand an upper conveying disk with an axis.

  vertical 40 rotating both in the same direction and is

  in part. Mans the lap area, the upper disk

  is surmounted by a planar inductor 41, while the lower disc

  39 includes, upstream of the recovery zone, a station

  42 and, downstream of the overlap zone, a sliding

evacuation seat 43.

  In this case, the following are collected: the non-conductive materials at the slideway 43; the nonmagnetic conducting materials in a receptacle 44 situated, under the upper disc 40, immediately downstream of the overlap zone; - magnetic conducting materials, in a receptacle

  located, under the upper disk 40, downstream of the receptacle 44.

  For this, the sliding field 46 of the horizontal plane inductor

  it 41 moves, overall, towards the axis of the disc 40, and the oppo-

se of the axis of the disc 39.

  According to another variant illustrated in FIG. 16, on the one hand a lower conveyor belt 47 and on the other hand an upper conveying disc with a vertical axis 48 that is constantly rotating and partially covering the conveyor belt 47 is used. recovery, the upper disk 48 is surmounted by a

  horizontal plane inductor 49 which generates a sliding field 50 di-

  transversely to the conveyor belt 46 and in

the axis of the disk 48.

  In this case, the following are collected: the magnetic conducting materials on the side of the strip situated opposite the axis of the disk 48; the nonmagnetic conducting materials on the side of the strip located near the axis of the disc 48;

  - non-conductive materials, downstream of the trans-

carrier 47.

  According to a variant illustrated in FIG. 17, the following property is used: a cylindrical body 51 lying on a planar inductor 52 moves in opposite directions of the sliding flux 53; - the same body placed on its transverse base moves

in the direction of the sliding field.

  This last provision makes it possible to select

  or selective sorting of cylindrical parts

born.

  According to other variants not shown in the drawings, the inductor may be placed: on a fluidized bed;

- in a vibrating pot system.

  The preferred applications of the process according to the invention are in particular the following: separation of plugs, caps made of aluminum, iron, plastic; - separation of coins in aluminum, silver, copper On Orp, magnetic; separation of copper, plastic (polyvinyl chloride), aluminum, crushed electrical wires;

  - extraction of magnetic or magnetic conducting materials

  ticks of garbage compost; - extraction of conductive minerals; separating, in a production line, non-conductive parts from non-magnetic conductive parts;

  - extraction of brass or lead capsules from bottles

  broken glass; - by extension, any separation of conductive non-magnetic materials from each other, or any separation of conductive materials

  magnetic materials, non-magnetic conductive materials and / or

non-conductive

  According to a last variant, the invention uses the different

  of coefficients of friction that may exist between different

  materials to be sorted and the support on which they are brought to

  see. In this case, the inductive system sets in motion the

  cules, and the latter are more or less braked, according to their coefficient of friction with respect to the conveyor belt or

to any other support.

Claims (15)

REVENICATIONS   1. Process for effecting the separation of particles from   magnetic conductive materials, non-magnetic conductors, and / or non-conductive conductors, characterized in that the particles to be sorted are exposed to at least two different phenomena capable of acting independently of each other on the displacement of the particles, namely: a mechanical phenomenon defining a basic trajectory for each particle;   - an electrical phenomenon, with at least one capacitive inductor   to deflect particles from their basic trajectory.   2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one conventional inductor plane inductor motor,   or any other planar inductor allowing to obtain either a   slippery gnetic, a Laplace force.   3. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that   a cylindrical inductor with rotating field is used.   4. Process according to any one of the claims,   characterized by the use, as a mechanical phenomenon, of gravity forces.   5. Process according to any one of claims 1 to   3, characterized in that, as a mechanical phenomenon,   a fluid flow system such as an air stream.   6. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that, as a mechanical phenomenon, it uses a   transport system such as a conveyor belt or carriers.   7. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3,   characterized in that, as a mechanical phenomenon, a pulse system such as a spring projection system or than an explosion system.   8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims   cedeentes, characterized in that the displacement action induced by the electrical phenomenon takes place transversely with respect to the   basic trajectory defined by the mechanical phenomenon.   9. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 7,   characterized in that the displacement action induced by the phenomenon   leads to more or less intense acceleration.   se particles to be sorted along their basic trajectory.   The process of any one of claims 1 to   7, characterized in that the effect of displacement induced by the phenomenon   nomène électrique results in more or less intense braking   particles to be sorted along their basic trajectory.   11. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a cyclic inductor   Hollow hollow inside which is installed a heli ramp   coXdale. 12. Device for carrying out the process according to the   claims 2 and 6, characterized in that it comprises two bands   superimposed orthogonal conveyors and a planar inductor which, placed above lower strand of the upper band in the overlap zone of the two strips, generates a sliding field directed against the displacement of said lower strand of the upper band.   13. Device for carrying out the process according to the   Claims 2 and 6, characterized in that it comprises a disk   lower vertical-axis conveyor and a higher conveying disk   with a vertical axis rotating both in the same direction and   partially overlapping, as well as a plan inductor which, placed above   of the upper disk in the overlap area of the two   creates a sliding field directed globally towards the axis of the   upper conveyor disc and opposite the axis of the trans- lower carrier.   14. Device for carrying out the process according to the   Claims 2 and 6, characterized in that it comprises a band   lower conveyor and on the other hand a conveyor disc   higher than a vertical axis partly covering the trans-   carrier, as well as a plane inductor which, placed above the disk   in the overlap zone, generates a gliding field directed   balancing transversely to the conveyor belt, and towards of the disk axis.   15. Process according to any one of claims 1 to   3, characterized in that, as a mechanical phenomenon, the difference in coefficients of friction which may exist between   different materials to sort and the support on which they are placed.   moving system, the inductive system setting in motion the   which are more or less retarded according to their coefficient of friction with respect to a conveyor belt or any other   support on which they are located.