FR2380857A1 - Procede et dispositif pour incorporer des fibres de verre dans des matieres thermoplastiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour incorporer des fibres de verre dans des matieres thermoplastiques

Info

Publication number
FR2380857A1
FR2380857A1 FR7804323A FR7804323A FR2380857A1 FR 2380857 A1 FR2380857 A1 FR 2380857A1 FR 7804323 A FR7804323 A FR 7804323A FR 7804323 A FR7804323 A FR 7804323A FR 2380857 A1 FR2380857 A1 FR 2380857A1
Authority
FR
France
Prior art keywords
glass fibers
thermoplastic materials
preheated
incorporating glass
thermoplastic material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
FR7804323A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
FR2380857B1 (fr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dynamit Nobel AG
Original Assignee
Dynamit Nobel AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
Publication of FR2380857A1 publication Critical patent/FR2380857A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2380857B1 publication Critical patent/FR2380857B1/fr
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/42Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
    • B29B7/421Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw and additionally other mixing elements on the same shaft, e.g. paddles, discs, bearings, rotor blades of the Banbury type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7476Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
    • B29B7/7485Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants with consecutive mixers, e.g. with premixing some of the components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/06Rod-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/565Screws having projections other than the thread, e.g. pins
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/793Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00Making granules
    • B29B9/02Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/06Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00Making granules
    • B29B9/12Making granules characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B9/14Making granules characterised by structure or composition fibre-reinforced
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04Particle-shaped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/039Pre-heat

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé pour incorporer des fibres de verre dans des matières thermoplastiques, dans lequel les fibres de verre sont mélangées en continu dans la matière thermoplastique fondue et le mélange ainsi obtenu étant façonné en cordons ou bandes, et éventuellement broyé en granulat ou fines lamelles. Les fibres de verre sont préchauffées à une température inférieure à la température de fusion de la matière thermoplastique ou voisine de cette dernière, les fibres de verre préchauffées et la matière thermoplastique déjà fondue étant amenées à un dôme de prémélange 9, puis conduites en continu directement à une extrudeuse 21 de dégazage à deux étages en vue de leur homogénéisation.
FR7804323A 1977-02-17 1978-02-15 Procede et dispositif pour incorporer des fibres de verre dans des matieres thermoplastiques Granted FR2380857A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2706755A DE2706755C2 (de) 1977-02-17 1977-02-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einarbeiten von Glasfasern in thermoplastische Kunststoffe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
FR2380857A1 true FR2380857A1 (fr) 1978-09-15
FR2380857B1 FR2380857B1 (fr) 1983-03-11

Family

ID=6001456

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
FR7804323A Granted FR2380857A1 (fr) 1977-02-17 1978-02-15 Procede et dispositif pour incorporer des fibres de verre dans des matieres thermoplastiques

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4616989A (fr)
JP (1) JPS53128068A (fr)
CA (1) CA1114122A (fr)
CH (1) CH625155A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE2706755C2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2380857A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1584891A (fr)
IT (1) IT1155826B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0014875A1 (fr) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-03 Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Extrudeuse à vis pour monofilaments de polyfluorure de vinylidène
FR2498120A1 (fr) * 1981-01-16 1982-07-23 Creusot Loire Procede de fabrication d'un melange de matiere plastique et d'une charge solide
FR2563462A1 (fr) * 1984-04-27 1985-10-31 Clextral Produit composite constitue d'un melange de particules cellulosiques et d'un liant thermoplastique et son procede de fabrication

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GB8504158D0 (en) * 1985-02-19 1985-03-20 Bicc Plc Mixing & extrusion machinery
US4711647A (en) * 1985-05-02 1987-12-08 Barmag Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for degassing liquids, especially polymer melts and solutions
DE3702348A1 (de) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-04 Pluss Stauffer Ag Direktverarbeitung von polymer mit pulverfoermigen additiven in spritzgiessmaschinen
US5165941A (en) * 1989-09-05 1992-11-24 Composite Products, Inc. Extruder apparatus and process for compounding thermoplastic resin and fibres
US5185117A (en) * 1989-09-05 1993-02-09 Composite Products, Inc. Process for compounding thermoplastic resin and fibers
FI95217C (fi) * 1989-09-05 1996-01-10 Composite Prod Inc Laite ja menetelmä vahvistuskuitujen sekoittamiseksi termoplastiseen hartsiin
US5238633A (en) * 1991-05-24 1993-08-24 Duraplast Corporation Method and apparatus for recycling plastic waste into a thin profile, mechanically reinforced board
US5261740A (en) * 1991-06-06 1993-11-16 Farrel Corporation One-piece cylindrical extruder barrel assembled with eccentric converging hopper for receiving molten plastic materials
FR2683483B1 (fr) * 1991-11-08 1995-02-24 Vetrotex France Sa Procede de fabrication d'un produit composite par moulage.
US5458838A (en) * 1992-03-11 1995-10-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Heating and extruding method for bulk preform
DE19548854C2 (de) * 1995-12-27 1997-10-02 Ebers & Mueller Fibrit Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus faserverstärkten Thermoplasten
US6046267A (en) * 1997-05-27 2000-04-04 Tecinomet S.A. Method and apparatus for producing gas occlusion-free and void-free compounds and composites
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GB2565831A (en) * 2017-04-25 2019-02-27 Windsor Hamilton Stephen Apparatus for depolymerisation of waste plastics
US11339233B2 (en) 2017-09-15 2022-05-24 Geon Performance Solutions, Llc Flame retardant poly(vinyl chloride) compounds
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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2838794A (en) * 1957-04-08 1958-06-17 Du Pont Extrusion apparatus
FR1504989A (fr) * 1965-12-15 1967-12-08 Fiberfil Procédé et appareil pour fabriquer des résines synthétiques renforcées de fibres de verre
FR1565092A (fr) * 1967-04-27 1969-04-25
FR2032968A5 (en) * 1969-02-21 1970-11-27 Will Manfred Mixing a thermoplastic material with solid particles
DE2101056A1 (de) * 1970-01-14 1971-08-12 Dart Ind Inc Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von mit Glasfaser verstärkten thermoplasti sehen Verbindungen, Gemischen oder Ge bilden
FR2097191A1 (fr) * 1970-07-04 1972-03-03 Bayer Ag
FR2120942A5 (en) * 1970-12-28 1972-08-18 Usm Corp Fibre feed - from vane mixing chamber to screw press for injection moulding as strengthened plastic
FR2213848A1 (fr) * 1973-01-11 1974-08-09 Phillips Cables Ltd
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EP0014875A1 (fr) * 1979-02-23 1980-09-03 Hüls Troisdorf Aktiengesellschaft Extrudeuse à vis pour monofilaments de polyfluorure de vinylidène
FR2498120A1 (fr) * 1981-01-16 1982-07-23 Creusot Loire Procede de fabrication d'un melange de matiere plastique et d'une charge solide
EP0058101A1 (fr) * 1981-01-16 1982-08-18 Clextral Procédé et installation de préparation d'un mélange de matière plastique et d'une charge solide
FR2563462A1 (fr) * 1984-04-27 1985-10-31 Clextral Produit composite constitue d'un melange de particules cellulosiques et d'un liant thermoplastique et son procede de fabrication
EP0165093A1 (fr) * 1984-04-27 1985-12-18 Clextral Procédé de fabrication d'un produit composite constitué d'un mélange de particules cellulosiques et d'un liant thermoplastique

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DE2706755A1 (de) 1978-08-24
IT1155826B (it) 1987-01-28
GB1584891A (en) 1981-02-18
IT7848057A0 (it) 1978-02-15
FR2380857B1 (fr) 1983-03-11
DE2706755C2 (de) 1983-12-22
JPS6227966B2 (fr) 1987-06-17
JPS53128068A (en) 1978-11-08
CH625155A5 (fr) 1981-09-15
US4616989A (en) 1986-10-14
CA1114122A (fr) 1981-12-15

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