FI98855B - Incinerator device for wooden waste - Google Patents

Description

98855

The present invention relates to an apparatus which improves the combustion process and facilitates the operation of a low-feed wood waste incineration plant with a front housing and an afterburner.

S In Finland and Sweden, there are several dozen plants, mainly suitable for the incineration of moist sawdust (bark, wood chips, sawdust, etc.), where fuel is discharged from the bottom upwards by a counter-threaded sternary screw through a discharge cone. .

10 Since the 1960s, the The following companies have manufactured and filed patent applications for incinerators: Aktiebolaget Götaverken, Götaverken Angteknik Ab, Berg & Starck and Anga & Värme in Sweden and Sermet Oy in Finland since 1979. (Patent publications: FI40 022, SE 109861, patents 52770 and 65134.)

In addition, several individuals representing incineration plant users have filed patents. 15 applications for inventions which have sought to counteract the disadvantages of the above-mentioned types of plants.

**: Wood waste incineration plants built back in the 1980s with the above technology contain at least the following disadvantages: m • * * V 1) The amount of fuel in the grate does not remain constant, but depending on the heat load ·· • · * * there is either too much or too little fuel.

. ** 20 2) When supplying fuel to the junction of the transfer screw and the stator screw, it is easy to create • · • · .....

• blockages.

* «'..........

• ......

I * I * 3) The lifting part of the stoker screw causes fuel compression in the screw chute and IM .....

* condensation due to counter-thread.

• · ... .

2 98855 4) Stocking screw with counter-threads raising the fuel into the discharge cone causes

· -...... ..-. -.vrV

unilateral fuel discharge to the grate surface. s 5) The air gaps between the separate level and step gratings tend to become clogged as the ash and sand “sinter” at high temperatures.

S 6) Combustible gases enter the first combustion chamber of the afterburner from an opening in the rear wall of the front housing, which causes more intense combustion in the fuel layer at the rear of the front housing.

7) Not all gases generated by the incineration of wood waste are ignited and burn to the end. Carbon particles leaving the front bed fuel layer move in too 10 “laminars” in a gas stream through the masonry nest structures to the convection boiler, where their combustion is finally interrupted due to too low a combustion temperature.

8) Part of the air gap between the separate stair and planar gratings falls: ‘* · non-combustible fuel below the grate leaves the thermal energy it contains is not utilized.

• ···· • · • · .....

I · ,; / 9) After the convection boiler, the flue gas temperature cannot be significantly reduced below i *: +150 ° C due to the “corrosion risk” at the rear of the boiler.

• * ·; ·. 10) Flue gas blower and combustion air blowers cause pressure! *: * When starting. variations in the front housing that allow carbon particles to move from the surface of the 20 fuel layers.

• · - · .....

m · · «« *: ··· '. 11) The air space below the grates, cast from a concrete base, is airtight, so the conduction of the return air to the grates is uncontrollable.

• ·· • ♦ 3 98855 12) The massive afterburner is designed for wet wood waste fuel. If the fuel is drier than normal, it should be possible to shorten the combustion gas circulation.

13) The power control of the incinerator is not easily controllable.

The structural details by which the above-mentioned drawbacks can be eliminated are explained in more detail in the claims of this patent application.

The invention will now be examined in detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings, which comprise a total of 11 sheets. Figures 9 and 10 show a section, which is shown in more detail in the other figures.

Figure 1: Surface switch mounted on the front housing wall. The upper pattern is a section in the lateral direction and the lower pattern is a section seen from above.

Figure 2: The so-called wood waste incineration plant according to the invention. LAYOUT drawing.Tan diggers (9) on each side of the front housing (32) and only one screw (10),; '·· which acts as both a transfer · and a steroid screw.

** · ψ · · • · • ♦ ··· ♦ · | | Figure 3: Section in the direction of the stoker screw (10) in the middle of the front housing (32). Wider, · / 15 separate stem screw chutes (14) with hinge connections and discharge cone cut in 1.

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Figure 4: Section of the stubble screw and discharge cone.

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Figure 5: Sections on the left of the brackets (16) at the top of the stair trusses, discharge · · * ···. cone (13) and curved flat steel (19). In the middle of the stair trusses and • ».....

·· »*. Bracket (16) for the connection of 20 planar gratings and the middle cut from the annular U- • · · · · • · · • «·« · 4 98855 profiles (17). On the right, the outer support ring (16) of the level gratings with its support plates and the outer U-profile ring.

Figure 6: Section of the front housing base at the stator screw. The figure shows the secondary air blowing duct (22, total 2) and the primary air duct (27, total 4 5).

Figure 7: The upper figure is a longitudinal section from the center of the afterburner and the lower figure is seen from above at the same point. The figure shows the principle of installation of the afterburner elements and the extrusion of carbon-containing ash through the discharge map (43) into the afterburner.

10 Figure 8: Section from the center of the front housing in the transverse direction. The figure shows the structure of the vibrating hopper (30) below the step gratings and the structure of the filler plates (36) below the level gratings.

Figure 9: Section (B - B) from the center of the entire combustion and boiler system in the longitudinal • ·: ** · direction. The picture shows the combustion and ash equipment.

·· · • · · •. · ···· 1.

* 1 15 Figure 10: Section (A · A) seen from above. The picture shows the walls of the masonry / structures and the equipment inside them.

i ·: • ·. ......

··· ... · ......

Figure 11: Section at the corners of the front housing (4 pcs.), Where:. front - mounted water - cooled stand structure with bushing principles and circulating water • ·· i1: ·. yhteineen.

· ”'· F · · • · · • · j ···. 20 Figure 10 shows a top view of the combustion plant as a whole. in plane A - A and Fig. 9 seen from the side, section in plane B - B. Em. the two • ·: figures outline the location of the inventive details of the apparatus and • «♦ • · 5 98855 a more detailed representation of the structural details is shown in the other figures using the same numbering as in the claims.

1) The first claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention, according to which the surface switch (1) is mounted so that its impeller (2) stops when the fuel extends at a distance of about 10 cm from the outer edge of the planar grate (3). The mounting pipe (4) of the surface switch according to the invention is designed so that the combustion air flows through the pipe and cools the shaft (S) of the surface switch and the impeller. The installation pipe (4) according to the invention is adjustable in the longitudinal direction and is locked in the desired position with locking screws (6). The surface switch 10 is resiliently mounted on the mounting flange (7) by means of springs (8). The surface switch stops the operation of the rod unloaders in a previously known manner and the clock switch starts a new fuel supply cycle within the set time.

2) The second claim of the patented device relates to the invention, according to which the fuel is fed by rod unloaders (9) in a controlled manner directly to the counter-threaded stator screw (10) on each side of the front housing (32), except that separate transfer screws are not required. Fuel supply ·· · ··· ..

: · 'The front housing is then simple and reliable and no blockages can occur, ·· »·· [], the transfer capacity of the ktm stem screw (11) increases in the discharge direction.

• · ·. ......

m ·· ·· · *.

The third claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention, according to which each screw (11) of the stoiler screw (10) is lifting; contributes to the diameter of the final distance, resulting in an improvement in its fuel transfer and i ’: *: lifting capacity and less compaction than with a flat helix.

* I * ’·. In the same way, the screw groove (14) of the stubble screw has a stepwise grating. . . ...........

wider than the rest of the gutter. The ··· ββ’β shown in Figure 3. The 25 separate construction also makes it possible to make a screw gutter from a thicker and. : made of wear-resistant material from the fuel lift point.

··· 0 · 6 98855 4) The fourth claim of the apparatus claimed relates to the invention (Fig. 4), according to which in current plants the stubble screw raises fuel mainly from one side of the core tube (12) depending on the negative, rising to the discharge cone (13) and collapsing unevenly. In the feeding device according to the invention, the discharge cone (13) is arranged in approx.

50 mm eccentrically to the stubble screw chute (14), resulting in a smoother fuel discharge.

5) The fifth claim of the apparatus according to the patent application relates to the invention (Fig. 5), according to which the support frames (16) of the step gratings (15) and planar gratings (3) are moved back and forth by the heat-resistant grease at the base of the annular u-profiles (17). 60 °) with hydraulic cylinders (Fig. 10/18). 8 convenient flat steels (19) are welded to the discharge cone (13), which raise the upper ends of the step gratings (15) by approx. 5 mm as the support frame rotates. By the same principle, the curved flat steels (26) welded to the annular outer circumference (20) 15 raise the outer ends of the planar gratings in steps of about 5 mm. Em. The equipment allows movement in the height and lateral direction between the adjacent grate irons ·· '**, whereby the ash and sand do not citrate between the grate • · · • · * but fall into the ash space.

• · • ·· .1 / 6) The sixth claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to 20 inventions (Fig. 6), according to which combustion air is passed under the planar gratings (3) • · »- - -..........

through two air ducts (22) symmetrically located in the base of the front housing. The amount of combustion air can be adjusted by means of two control elements tT (23) according to the invention, which are made airtight by means of a spring-loaded hinge connection (24).

The controls are equipped with a hinged inspection hatch (25) with 25 handles (26). Combustion air is passed under the step gratings (15) for four symmetrical • · · · ........

through a well-placed air duct (27). These air ducts are also equipped with • •: control elements with the structure explained above (Fig. 10/23).

98855 7) The seventh claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention (Fig. 7), according to which afterburning elements (29) cast from a refractory mass according to Fig. 7 are installed in the discharge chamber (28) of the afterburning furnace. Ko. The elements are installed in the 2nd discharge chamber when the afterburner 5 is constructed so that they are loose in the cold housing, but as the temperature rises the elements thermally expand against the vertical walls. The glowing afterburners ignite the bypassing gases and the carbon particles

The eighth claim 10 of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention (Fig. 8), according to which the carbon and ash falling below the step gratings (15) fall onto a vibrating funnel (30) provided with spring brackets. The actual motor vibrator (31, Fig. 9) is outside the front housing and the vibration is transferred to the vibration hopper (30) with a steel profile plate (33). The flexible sheet metal collar (34) seals the joint between the vibrating hopper and the steel plate wall (35). The coal and ash falling below the level-15 grate (3) fall on 2 vibrating plates (36) with spring brackets. The motor vibrator (37) is outside the front housing and ··: * ·· the vibration is transmitted to the vibrating plates by a steel profile bar (39) mounted inside the rubber-sealed bushing (38) i. Em. the hopper and the vibrating plates shed the coal and ash into the ash screw gutter (40), the • · · * '20 screw conveyor (41) with counter-thread transfers them to the 1st discharge chamber (42) of the afterburner via the discharge conveyor (43) for. Through the opening in the partition wall (44), the flue gas stream transfers and burns coal, which falls as ash from those in the 2nd combustion chamber; between the refractory elements (45) for the ash screw gutter (46). From there, the ash is transferred to the ash hopper with the • ·· counter-screw ash screw (47).

**. ·.

m ¥, ···. 9) The ninth claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to # · · | . according to the invention (Fig. 9), according to which after the convection boiler (48) about + 150; Flue gases at ° C are led to the chimney via the LTO flue gas cleaner (49) • · * 0 · 8 98855 at approx. +100 ° C. The acid-resistant LTO coil coil (50) is installed in the replacement hatch (51) on the above-mentioned smoke · gas cleaner, so it can be lifted out for cleaning without interruption and the closed hatch can be replaced. The LTO coil is connected to the LTO piping with shut-off valves 5 by flange connections (52). The fly ash separated by the LTO flue gas cleaner falls into the gas-tight ash screw chute (40).

10) The tenth claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention, according to which the the power of the wood waste incineration plant is adjusted by adjusting the speed of the flue gas fan (Fig. 2, 53). The flow temperature of the convection boiler (Fig. 2, 48) is kept at its set point (e.g.

+118 ° C) so that according to the pulses of the temperature transmitter (54), the frequency converter (55) adjusts the rotational speed of the flue gas fan (53) so that a constant flow temperature is reached. The combustion air ducts are dimensioned and the air control elements are adjusted so that the amount of combustion line fuel in the front housing is suitable.

11) The eleventh claim * ·: of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention (Fig. 11), according to which the base (56) of the front housing (32) is constructed of steel plate and beams so as to form a tight water space (57). , which * 1 circulates freely from the top of the stand to the top of the adjacent accumulator (58) and .1 from the bottom of the accumulator back to the bottom of the base. All bushings »1:20 on the base of the front housing are welded to the steel plate walls, whereby they act as binding elements for the water space.

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All devices entering the base penetrations are sealed with a rubber or graphite braid; with seals (59) to make it airtight. The afterburner stand (Fig. 7, 60) is built on the same principle as the front housing stand. The free-running piping is connected to another accumulator in the plant (Fig. 2.61). Em. accumulators also operate stoker- m · ♦ ·, ···. 25 screws (10) as extinguishing water tanks.

12) The twelfth claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention (Fig. 9), according to which an afterburner (62) and a convection boiler (48) there are two channels in between. When switching to drier fuel, the 1st closing element (63) made of refractory mass is lifted from the mouth of the bypass duct (64) to the side, whereby some of the combustion gases have direct access 2.

from the combustion chamber (28) to the convection boiler. When running low power on dry fuel, the 2nd shut-off element (66) can be lifted at the mouth of the channel (65) between the combustion chamber 3 and the convection chamber (48) of the afterburner, whereby all combustion gases pass through the bypass channel. When oil is burned in a convection boiler, each shut-off element is lifted 10 at the mouth of the ducts.

The thirteenth claim of the apparatus which is the subject of the patent application relates to the invention (Fig. 9), according to which combustion air from the front housing (32) is sucked into the primary air duct (69) and the secondary air duct (70) through the space between the housing masonry walls (67) and the steel plate jacket (68). From the primary air duct, air is further sucked in by the vacuum generated by the flue gas fan through separate ducts (71) located in the middle of the side walls of the front housing, through the flow ducts, 4 pcs. From the secondary air ducts 1: 1.1, the secondary air travels on the side walls of the front housing past the air ducts (72) and the control elements (23) adjacent to the primary air ducts • ·· ·· *) 'into the space below the level gratings ** · # 1/20. By means of the combustion air control system, a suitable combustion bridge 1 is achieved; * ..! man on the other hand, and on the other hand, the front housing casing “wasted :: .......

heat ”is minimized.

·· • · • · «* ·· ♦. . · · · I :: r :, • »·»: ··· · • ·

Claims (13)

1. Wood waste combustion plant consisting of a front fireplace provided with a stoker screw with feed from below, stack-mounted stair grilles and annularly arranged flat grills and by a multi-chamber post-combustion furnace and a convection boiler, characterized in that a shaft (5) between a fuel supply control level guard (1) and a paddle wheel (2) Is arranged in a pipe (4), whereby the flow of air through the pipe (4) continuously cools the shaft (5) of the level guard and prevents damage caused by overheating. 2. A wood waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant includes stinging bolts (9), which directly from the bed of the front fireplace (32) directly trap the fuel in the gutter for a continuously rotating stoker screw (10) provided with opposite threads. whose transmission effect increases in the feed direction. ··: * ·· 15 3. Combustion plant for wood waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by bending the worms (11) on the stoker screw (10) and the • - · - ·· - ·· · * · * * screw channel (14) has a larger diameter in the part below the stair rails than in the screw / other parts. • · ·· _- ”· ................ • m. ·. 4. A combustion plant for wood waste according to any one of claims 1 - 3,:% 20 k signed off fuel discharge cone (13) is provided. ** - λ :::::: - ........ risky in relation to the stoker screw gutter (14). 5. Incineration plant for wood waste according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in - * · * ...... .... *. characterized in that moving of the stair and floor grilles and support frames (16) · * *: ffam and back above annular L-profiles (17) is done by means of hydraulic • * ·· ·· '........ 14 98855 cylinders (18), wherein a unloading cone (13) welded curved plate iron, when a support frame (16) turns, sets the stair grilles (15) incrementally in motionless and at an annular outer periphery (20) welded curved plate iron (21) sets the floor grilles (3) in stepwise motion. 5 6. A wood waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that symmetrically two air ducts (22) and symmetrically four air ducts (27) through which the combustion air is conducted are arranged under the floor grilles (3). A control duct (25) for each duct is constructed of a control means (23) sealed with a bandage (24), whereby the amount of air in each duct can be controlled. 7. A wood waste incineration plant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that one other combustion chamber (28) in the afterburning furnace according to Figure 7 has been mounted by refractory mass cast afterburning elements (29) next to each other. : '·· 15 8. Wood waste incineration plant according to any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that a sprung shaft (30) * 1 and vibration plates (36) which cut off the carbon and ash are arranged below the grate. the gutter (40) with a ·· 1 ·. ·· *; screw (41) with opposite thread, which screw moves them through a release cone | 1j (43) into the first combustion furnace of the post-combustion furnace, where the coal burns down ae :: ....... 20 and the ash settles between refractory elements (45) on the second fuel chamber's ··, bottom down in a ash gutter (46) . • - - «♦, Λ§ 9. Wood waste incineration plant according to any one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in - • '· * ···. unsubscribed off LTO flue gas cleaner (49), after flue gas after convex f · ........... ··· - ..... ...... ··· ...... * . The boiler (28) is led, is provided with a scratch resistant LTO worm battery (50) which is attached to a gear cover (51) which is currently being cleaned can be lifted to the dining side during operation and replaced by a closed door. 10. A wood waste incinerator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plant is equipped with a temperature transmitter (54) and frequency converter (55) by means of white heat generating power being controlled by changing the rotational speed of a flue gas fan (53). 11. A wood waste incineration plant according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the sockets (56) and (60) of the front fireplace (32) and the post-combustion furnace are constructed of steel plate and beams for a dense water space (57) through to use as fasteners in the plinth coming throughings that are welded to the stain plate walls. From both water spaces, the heated water is moved by circulation to adjacent accumulators (58) and (61) and cooled back. 12. A wood waste incineration plant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that between the post-combustion furnace (62) and the convection boiler (48) there are two ducts (64) and (65) on which orifices are provided by »····] * refractory mass produced closure elements (63) and (66) which are movable • · · *; / Depending on the moisture and the use situation of the fuel. ··· »e: .i. 13. Wood waste incineration plant according to any of claims 1 - 12, characterized by ··. Characterized in that the walls (67) of the front fireplace (32) are so walled in ·· * that a space is formed between the walls and an outer jacket (68) through which the combustion air is sucked into air ducts (69) and (70) above the fireplace and • therefrom further through separate ducts (71) and (72) at the side walls and through · # · *. flow channels (27), · 25 4, arranged under the stair grilles and through flow channels (22) 2 symmetrically arranged flow grates to the downstairs fireplace symmetrically • ·· «· na.