FI89396B - Behaollare Foer transport av massgods - Google Patents

Description

! The present invention relates to a container for transporting bulk material, such as gravel or asphalt, in which the material has fractions of varying particle size. At least in its emptying part, the container has a trough-shaped bottom part which is symmetrical with respect to the vertical central plane and the inwardly extending side walls. The emptying is intended to take place by lifting the main part relative to the emptying part.

10

Bulk material, such as gravel or asphalt, contains an accumulation of fractions of different particle sizes. In most cases, it is desirable that the various fractions be homogeneously distributed among the total transfer material. However, bulk products like it 15 tend to stand out in different fractions, especially during transport and handling.

For example, in gravel handling, separation problems arise when gravel is dumped from a storage tank onto a truck platform. Then the tip of the fine material 20 is formed, while the coarse material li rotates down along the edges and settles on the ramp sides. The gravel has thus stood out - it has lost its original structure. During transport to the site of use, more and more coarse material is shaken along the ramp sides. When the material thus separated is unloaded on the road, the fine material is in the middle and the coarse material is closer to the road edges, causing poor road pavement. Such problems can be reduced by replacing flat pallets with rounded tank bottoms. Sorala van ramps are then shorter than conventional Laval-30 la, but there are new separation problems in the discharge according to the prior art, partly due to spontaneous separation along the sloping sides of the applied gravel mat, partly due to the horizontal movement of the gravel the particles stand out and are thrown farther than the fine-no material.

Similar problems also occur when treating a paving material consisting of composite stone material 2,893S6 and asphalt. When it is tipped into a spreading chute, there are basically the same separation mechanisms as when gravel is spread on the road. When the trough then spreads the material on the road, the structure of the mixture deteriorates, with the imperfection of the coating applied in the form of cracks and gaps of the same shape. These problems would shorten the life of the road by 20% or more and require premature re-asphalting, which in turn involves high additional costs.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the problems, limitations and disadvantages of the known structures described above.

Said purpose can be achieved by providing a trough-like bottom with a closable and adjustable downwardly directed discharge opening, the largest dimension of which in the direction of travel is in the middle of the discharge opening and tapers towards the sides so that the material flow is less on the sides than in the middle of the discharge opening. such as a closure flap, cover or similar closure member is provided in the emptying portion of the container 20.

Preferably, the discharge portion of the container is provided with an end wall, closure, flap, cover or similar closure member adapted to form a barrier to the rear and to prevent material from flowing out through the discharge opening by the action of a substantially horizontal direct movement component.

The discharge opening preferably consists of an arcuate or polygonal groove in the discharge end, which is symmetrical with respect to the vertical central plane. The groove preferably has the shape of a lunar crescent.

Additional features and aspects of the invention will become apparent from the appended claims and the following description of the preferred embodiments.

In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which 3 89396 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the emptying portion of the bulk container seen obliquely from the rear, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the emptying portion seen obliquely from the front 5, Fig. 3 is a side view seen from above, with the end wall of the emptying part upright, Fig. 5 shows the same container and the emptying part seen from above, with the end wall of the emptying part in an oblique position, Fig. 6 is a side view is taken along line AA-20 of Figure 6 and shows a cross-section of a gravel mat applied by the device of Figure 6, and Figure 7 is a perspective view taken obliquely from the rear of a truck comprising a device according to the invention. itusmuo - ;; 25 to somewhat modified with respect to the discharge opening.

In the figures, and in particular in Figures 1-5, only the parts which are necessary for an understanding of the invention are shown, while other details are omitted in order to make the essential part 30 of the invention clearer.

Referring to Figures 1-5, the number 1 denotes a semi-cylindrical container for bulk material. The container consists of a semi-cylindrical shell of sheet metal or other suitable ma-.35 material, which forms the bottom wall and side walls of the container.

The reinforced plastic material may be mentioned as an example of other materials suitable for the container. The tank can be used as a tipper for a truck. In that case, part of the container 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises an emptying part of the rear tipping pallet. In the transport position, the container is usually in a horizontal position, i. the bottom line of the tank is horizontal.

The container is provided with an adjustable semicircular end wall 2, the upper part of which is connected to a fixing rod 5. The ends of said rod comprise fixing pins 6. The radius of the semicircular end wall 2 is slightly less than the inner radius of the shell of the semicircular container 1.

The upper edges of the container 1 have a plurality of substantially U-shaped recesses which are the seats 8 of the fastening pins 6. Figures 1-5 show an embodiment with four pairs of seats 8. The seats 8 are arranged in pairs in such a way that the fastening rod is oriented completely perpendicularly against the longitudinal direction of the container when the pins 6 are placed in a pair of corresponding seats 8. Thus, the end wall can be placed in different positions, either in the front or rear positions in the container.

The end wall is provided with two locking devices 3, each of which comprises a bolt which can be inserted into the holes 7 in the shell of the container 1.

When the container 1 is kept in a horizontal position, the end wall 2 can be given a forward or backward inclined position by inserting the bolts 4 in the holes 7 located at the front or rear of the pair of seats 8 in which the mounting pins 6 are placed. If the pins are placed in holes 7 located vertically below the seats 8 in which the pins 30 are located, the end wall is held in a position in which its plane is vertical and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the container.

The discharge end of the container shell has a curved groove 9 which, in cooperation with the end wall 2, limits the size of the discharge opening 10. Fig. 3 is a side view of the container 1, showing that a curved groove 9 (or side edge) can be formed in the illustrated embodiment by cutting the shell of the cylindrical container 1 at the emptying end along a plane forming an angle of about 45 degrees to the base of the container 1 shell. Cutting the shell along the plane gives a groove 9, the edge of which follows an elliptically curved line. Actual experiments have shown that a cutting angle of about 45 degrees gives a curved groove 9 and an emptying opening 10, which, when tipping gravel and asphalt material, give a good homogenizing effect during emptying. For other materials with different coefficients of friction in sliding along the container and different size fractions, other shear angles may be found to be suitable.

If the end wall is kept in a vertical position and if the fixing pins 6 are simultaneously moved to the seats 8 which are further away in the discharge direction, the size of the discharge opening 10 will increase. However, the size of the drain hole can be increased or decreased without having to move the fixing pins 6. If the end wall 2 is tilted so that its lower part has moved in the drain direction, the size of the drain hole increases. The size of the drain hole can be reduced by moving the lower part of the end wall 20 2 forward, leaving the position of the pins 6 in the seats 8 in place.

In the figures, the holes 7 are shown in positions arranged along the baseline of the shell of the container 1. When the end wall is tilted, the bolts 25 and 4 are raised and therefore the holes 7 must be made wider than the diameter of the bolts 4 so that the bolts 4 can be set without difficulty when the end wall 2 should be set in an inclined position. As a rule, the tilt angles of the end wall 2 would be reasonable and therefore the diameter 30 of the holes 7 does not have to be oversized to allow the bolts 4 to be placed when the end wall 2 is in the tilted position.

In Figure 4 and Figure 5, the container is shown from above. In Fig. 5 the end wall 2 is tilted by moving the fastening pins 35 to another pair of seats 8 as in Fig. 4. By moving the pins in the emptying direction the end wall is brought into a tilted position where the fastening 5 is located further rear in the emptying direction than the lower part of the end wall 2.

6 39396

In the embodiment described with reference to Figures 1-5, the end wall 2 is constructed to allow it to be adjusted to different positions. Such an embodiment is particularly suitable when dealing with different materials that would require tilting the end wall 5 or adjusting the size of the drain hole 10. When only one type of material should be transported or otherwise handled, it may be preferable to permanently fasten the end wall 2 to the best position found in the test.

Modifications of the embodiments described above are possible without departing from the scope of the following claims. For example, the bolts 4 of the end wall 2 can be replaced by a pair of bolts arranged outside the container, one on each side thereof and behind the holes 7. Said bolts may be displaceable in a groove or the like and may be spring-operated so that they can be spring-locked in a desired hole 7 in the end wall, etc., in order to obtain the desired position. According to another modification, a fixed end wall at the emptying end of the container can be connected to a movable through-20 end at the bottom of the wall to control or close the size of the emptying opening. Figure 7 shows a modification of the means for adjusting the end wall 2 '. In this case, the holes in the container shell are replaced by a long elongate groove 7 'on each side wall of the container and a pair of locking cams 4' 25 which can be placed in desired positions in the same grooves 7 'backwards from the end wall 2' to keep it at the desired angle. In this embodiment, the upper fixing pins of the end wall 2 'are displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the container.

The end wall may preferably be provided with a movable lower part to completely close the discharge opening during transport without changing the general position of the end wall.

The operation of the device of the invention and the advantages obtained therefrom will be described in more detail below. When the bulk material is folded into the round-bottomed container 1, a tip or brush is formed along the centerline of the container. Since all sloping sides associated with filling bulk material of varying particle size present a risk of separation, it is desirable to avoid or reduce all such tips or brushes. Since the container of the invention has a rounded bottom, said effect is obtained simply because the space in the container close to and along the center line receives a relatively larger part of the total female volume than the oblique parts. The brush turns upside down, so to speak, which is advantageous. In conventional emptying devices, whether the bottom of the container is rounded or flat, there is a risk of separation because the loose material acquires a horizontal movement component, the fall paths being more or less in the shape of a throw parabola. Therefore, when the bulk material is tipped, a backward ramp is formed in which the coarser particles roll down and their speed increases, resulting in longer parabolic throw paths than the finer particles, with a tendency for the coarser particles to accumulate on the surface of the applied stream. When the layer is then leveled, the coarser surface layer is pushed towards the edges. According to the invention, said tendency is prevented by the end wall 2, 2 ', which acts as a barrier which directs the bulk material directly downwards towards the road, Fig. 6, or to an asphalt paver or the like, in which there is no horizontal movement component or separation effect.

The width of the sickle-shaped discharge opening 10 is such that, when viewed in the discharge direction, it increases towards the center line of the container 25, with the flow of material to be discharged when the container is raised to its tipping position, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, larger in the middle than at the edges. This may seem disadvantageous, but is indeed advantageous because of the angle of inclination of the ridge formed on the road or asphalt layer. 30 becomes so small that it is far from the sliding angle of Figure 6A. On the other hand, if the layer to be applied had the same thickness over its entire width, a sliding angle would be achieved at the edges, which would cause an undesirable separation. This is the case when emptying material from a conventional flat .35 pallet as well as from tanks with a rounded bottom where the emptying opening is the same height across its entire width.

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Furthermore, the above-mentioned brush formation or other causes of separation during transport from the loading site to the tipping point-Kalle should not be disregarded. Such fractionation usually results in a coarser proportion of material settled along the side walls of the tank. When conventional pallets or round-bottomed containers of conventional emptying head design are tipped, a disproportionately large portion of the coarser fraction flows out last, which is disadvantageous because it causes inhomogeneity in the road made. According to the invention, said effect is eliminated by placing the end wall 2, 2 'at an angle of inclination not perpendicular to the bottom of the container, Fig. 5 and Fig. 7. Due to said inclination, a narrow gap 10a, Fig. 2, the end wall 2 and other container walls are also formed. between the top of the tank and the drain hole 10. A certain amount of material passes through said narrow gap 10a, thus preventing the remaining material containing a higher proportion of coarse material than elsewhere in the material from accumulating in the space adjacent to said gap, leaving the final material as a final batch and causing inhomogeneity in the road.

Claims (7)

9 39396 A container (1) for conveying bulk material, such as gravel or asphalt, with fractions of varying particle sizes, wherein at least the discharge part 5 at the end of the device has a trough-shaped base part symmetrical with respect to the vertical central plane and with inwardly extending side walls, the discharge intended to take place by lifting the tank, characterized in that the trough-shaped bottom is provided with a closable and adjustable downwardly directed discharge opening (10), the largest dimension of which in the direction of travel is in the middle of the discharge opening and tapers to the sides so that the material flow is less than in the middle of the discharge opening, and that an end wall (2,2 '), such as a closure flap, a cover or a similar closure member, is arranged in the emptying part of the container. Container (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the end wall (2, 2 ') in the open emptying part (10) is arranged so as to intersect the cut (9) delimiting the emptying opening (10) at two points, which are symmetrical about the vertical median plane. Container (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cut (9) forms an oblique end part in the container (1) which, when viewed from the side of the container (1), forms a rearward opening of 30-60 °, preferably 40-50 ° against the imaginary extension of the center line of the bottom of the tank (1). Container (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the downward part of the contour of said end wall (2, 2 ') substantially corresponds to the outline of the trough-like bottom part. Container (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end wall (2, 2 ') is pivotable about a horizontal axis, and that the locking means (4, 7) are preferably arranged to place the end wall (2, 2') in different tilting positions. . ίο 3 9 3 S 6 Container (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking means (4, 7) are adapted to secure the end wall (2, 2 ') in different positions with respect to the container. Container (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end wall (2, 2 ') is fixedly connected to the container. n S 9 3 9 6