FI88470C - Foerfarande Foer att bearbeta av stycken som skall sammanfogas - Google Patents

Description

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A method of machining parts to be joined together

The present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for machining interconnected parts.

According to such a method, the pieces are transferred one by one to a machining unit, where connecting parts corresponding to the desired joint arrangements are formed at the ends of each piece. After machining, the pieces are, if desired, transported to a profiling or assembly unit where they are joined together.

For joints made of wood, plastic or soft metals, joint arrangements are usually made by mechanically removing material from the joints to be joined, e.g. with rotating machining blades. In the case of elongate pieces, connecting parts are formed at the ends of the pieces. In this case, two blade units are required to machine both ends of the workpiece, or the workpiece must be rotated 180 * around its center.

In many known solutions, the blade units are movably and movably mounted, so that dimensional errors occur quite easily in the machining of the parts and the transfer is moved-. .- with the blade unit from position to position.

In the production of door and window frames, according to the prior art, batches of the required size have first been produced by machining them in the manner described above with different machines, after which the frames have been assembled into finished frames at assembly sites. Current methods have often had to perform length compensation and blank cutting in several stages, and overall process automation has proven cumbersome. An example of an automated production process is the DSH 16 line supplied by Maschinen-fabrik Gubisch GmbH, where the workpieces run along lines where they have to return to the other end for machining.

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The object of the invention is to eliminate the drawbacks associated with the prior art and to provide a completely new method for machining elongate parts, which method makes it possible to automate the manufacturing process.

The method is based on the idea that the parts to be machined are moved through the machining unit by means of successive longitudinal and lateral movements, whereby the ends of the parts are machined during lateral movement movements to form joints. Accordingly, machining work on the next stage on the other side of the same body front end and said second passage of the rear end of the body. The orientation of the pieces is not changed during processing; that is, the workpiece is not rotated, but the only displacements are a lateral displacement followed by a forward displacement followed by a lateral displacement in the opposite direction to the previous transverse displacement and then a longitudinal displacement on the same or parallel line as the previous longitudinal displacement.

More specifically, the method according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The pieces can be any material that is processed by a material removal machining method and that is mechanically machinable with rotating or movable machining blades. The method is particularly suitable for wood, plastics and soft metals, for which joint arrangements are made by machining. The wooden parts to which the method can be applied are typically all pieces that are joined together by a joint arrangement, such as a tongue-and-groove joint, a finger joint or a female-male joint, where the manufacture of the products involves either joining parallel pieces together or corner joints. in order to create. Mention should also be made, by way of example, of products for which the method is particularly suitable for producing joints, namely: 3 88470 - door frames and perimeters, - window frames and frames, - parquet floor components, - rafters and moldings, - log structures and similar prefabricated components, and - plastic and Punched thermal insulation boards made of mineral wool.

To implement the method, a device is used, which in the context of this application is called a turning machine. This device generally has 2n machining heads (n is a natural number, usually 1, 2 or at most 4), by means of which the desired joints are formed in the workpieces to be processed, e.g. by milling. The machining heads can, for example, consist of a rotating milling cutter. The device has an inlet or feed side where the front end of the parts is machined and an outlet side where the piece end end is machined, and further comprises a transfer device with which the workpieces can be transferred from one machining blade to another and from the inlet side to the outlet side.

The part entering the processor is first transferred to the page with respect to the machining steel, then even more to the page to perform the first machining. It is then conveyed forward at least a distance corresponding to its own length until it is moved to the outlet side of the device. The part is caused to move back in the opposite direction to the side, making it machined at one end (leaving end).

In rotary machining machines with one machining head or two parallel machining heads, both ends of the part are machined with the same machining head. Two-part machining steel is used especially when it is desired to form different joints in the workpieces. Typically, female joints are formed in every other body and male joints are formed in every other body. The device then operates in such a way that every other piece is guided as described above via the left-hand machining end of the machining station and every other piece via its right-hand machining end. The left-hand steel is machined at each end of the left-hand pieces, e.g. the female pontoon or part of the female joint, and the right-hand steel is machined at each end of the right-hand steel by a male joint joint or similar seam fit. With two identical machining heads, manufacturing can be speeded up and the service interval of said machining heads can be extended.

There are also four pieces of machining heads in a symmetrical position, in which case the inlet end and the end end of the workpiece are machined with different blades as the workpiece passes, e.g. When rotated from the right, the part again gets a different machining at its inlet end than at its leaving end, if this is to be arranged. When the machining heads are identical or similar in groups of two, this setup can be used to extend service intervals and increase capacity. In a simplified alternative of this embodiment, on the other hand, two successive working heads are arranged in the machining station, with which different or similar connecting parts can be machined at the ends of the part.

As mentioned above, the method can be used to make a continuous blank of a finite-length piece of goods by forming, for example, the connecting parts required for a finger joint in the pieces. The machining is performed in a turning machine in the same way as above, except that all parts have both female and male joints. Thus, a female joint is formed at one end of each piece and a male joint is formed at the other end, with the pieces being glued together "head-to-tail" after machining. Both joints of the extension joint can be manufactured in a machining unit with four machining heads or in a simplified version of two successive machining heads. However, it is also possible to produce an extension joint in a turning machine with a single machining head by placing a phase shift in the machiner to provide a female or 5,884,707 male portion, respectively, by phasing, preferably changing the height of the support table, the joint by a finger or the like.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the machining unit is used so that as the workpiece travels up (sideways out) at the inlet end, the previous workpiece is moved down (sideways) at the outlet end, whereby except for a small time phase difference, no other interruption occurs in process-like work. In this embodiment, the machining head can be made to perform productive work almost continuously.

All lateral movements of the workpieces take place in the machining unit by means of a sledge carriage. The pieces are press-fastened to the carriage, whereby the necessary pressing is achieved, for example, by a pneumatic cylinder. The compression clamp and the carriage are located on the same frame, so that the force required for the transfer does not have to be transmitted by the compressive force, but is transmitted through the rigidity of the displacing circumference. The machining unit has two transfer carriages, one on each side of the plane.

In the machining unit, the pieces can be moved perpendicular to the machining plane by moving the machining table up or down, as described above in connection with the manufacture of the extension joint. Instead, the machining heads are mounted on shafts, the position of which can be changed during machining of the parts, if desired.

When manufacturing in a rotary machining machine according to the invention, e.g. window parts, it is advantageous, but not necessary, to produce a product made of a finite length piece, such as timber or plastic profile, with a continuous joint before milling or otherwise machining these elongate pieces. The blank entering the machining is then joined as a continuous blank with an adhesive joint. The extension joint can be manufactured and machined in a turning machine, the structure of which is described above. Before the actual machining, the blank is cut into pieces of specified size.

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According to the invention, considerable advantages are achieved in relation to the solutions according to the prior art. According to the invention, the reversing machine operates continuously, working the pieces going and coming. By arranging two parallel machining heads that produce matching joints (e.g., female-male) and feeding the workpieces alternately through the machining heads, the female and male pieces can be machined in the correct order and produce joints without wastage other than joint length / piece.

The continuous turning-machining method thus achieves process-like production without intermediate warehouses. The machining head blades are in an almost continuous machining stage, which greatly increases the capacity of such a line compared to conventional methods. Thus, with the solution according to the invention, approximately 16 pieces per minute can be machined at otherwise corresponding machining blade machining speeds and corresponding transfer speeds, while only about 5 pieces / min can be machined with the best equipment currently on the market described at the beginning.

According to the described method, the pieces come in turn from the machining unit in the order in which they are connected to each other, whereby it is even easier to automate the connection when it is done on the line, e.g. by automatically gluing.

The invention will now be examined in more detail with the aid of the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the basic structure of a machining unit with two machining heads operating according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a top view showing step by step how the workpieces pass through the machining unit shown in Figure 1.

Figure 3 also shows a top view of the structure of a machining unit according to the invention, comprising four machining heads.

The following example takes a closer look at the fabrication of parts of a frame, such as a window frame. However, it is clear that the same measures can be applied to the machining of other elongated parts, as well as other shapes.

Based on the dimensions K x L of the frame to be manufactured, the required lengths of the parts to be machined in the control unit of the production line are calculated. From an elongate blank, for example made of finite piece goods by means of splice joints, K and L length piece blanks 1 are cut with a cutting saw and fed alternately (K - L - K - L, etc.) to conveyor 2. The conveyor can be any conventional type, such as a belt or roller conveyor or some suitable transfer device, such as a pneumatic transfer device. The blank 1 arrives from the cutting saw on the feed side of the machining station 3, where its longitudinal movement is stopped by means of a mechanical stop 4 in order to bring the end of the workpiece into the correct position for machining. At this point, the blank 1 has moved onto the movable carriage 5, where it is pressed into place, e.g. by means of a pneumatic cylinder. Under compression attachment and on the carriage 5, every other blank is moved to the left and every other to the right in the figure. As can be seen from Fig. 1, the carriage has two fastening stations 6, 7, one for left-hand 6 and one for right-hand movement 7.

The machining station 3 has two milling blades 8, 9 arranged on rotatable shafts, which are spaced apart on both sides of the extension of the longitudinal axis of the conveyor of the blank 1. The planes of the cutter blade plates are parallel to the lateral movement of the blanks 1 and the teeth of the cutter are flush with the blanks on the carriage. If necessary, the distance between the milling cutters 8, 9 and the machining plane 21 can be changed by adjusting the height of the machining plane β 88470 to handle blanks of different thicknesses. The machining unit is intended to manufacture the female and male connecting parts required for assembling the frame, respectively, at the ends of the blanks 1, the first milling cutter 8 The cutter blades and their teeth can be of any common type. During the lateral movement of the blanks against one movable heads are controlled feed side die 10 that is adapted to move the machining station 3 on the feed side between the milling cutters 8, 9. The groove 10 is formed with grooves for the milling cutter 8, 9, which grooves are marked with broken lines in Fig. 1. The trajectory of the stopper 10 is already symmetrical with respect to the extension of the longitudinal axis of the above-mentioned conveyor. The other extreme position of the abutment is shown in the figure, which shows that the end of the abutment is located laterally in the machining unit at least approximately flush with the center of the milling cutter 8. The purpose of the abutment 10 is to support the end of the piece 1 during machining in order to obtain the most accurate milling result possible.

As it passes the milling blades 8, 9 during its lateral movement, the grooves required by the connecting part are machined at the ends of the blanks 1.

The lateral movement of the blanks 1 is continued for some distance past the machining heads until the blanks meet the adjustable guides 11, 12 of the machining plane, which have one at each end. At these, the lateral movement of the carriage 5 stops, after which the blanks 1 are detached from the carriage and moved longitudinally transversely transversely to the sides of the guides 11, 12 over the machining station 3. The longitudinal movement is continued until the at a distance from the machining blades 8, 9 than the front ends of the blanks on the feed side of the machining station. Then, the blanks 1 are placed on the exhaust side supported by the carriage 15 to a new lateral movement, which is opposite to the first lateral movement. The carriage is against the PQ-fixing members 16, 17, as the input side of the tray.

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By passing the milling blades 8, 9 into the blanks for repetition, groove arrangements of the discharge head which are identical to the connecting part at the front end of the blanks are machined. During machining, the machining station support the trailing blanks outlet side of the dies 13, 14 which move in the longitudinal direction of the machining and the machining the ends of their respective cutting blade 8 or 9, respectively, the center of the art. After processing, the blanks are detached from the carriage 5 and transferred to an discharge conveyor 20 parallel to the feed conveyor 2.

As mentioned above, the height position of the machining plane can be changed during the machining process, if necessary. For this reason, support and guide pins 18, 19 are arranged in the device next to the guides 11 and 12, on the basis of which the machining plane can be moved vertically for parts of different heights.

As described above, K and L bodies machined in accordance with the invention are provided with identical connecting parts at the ends. Figure 2 shows in more detail how the blanks fed in the queue pass through the machining unit 3.

Blanks A to J arrive one by one from the cutting saw to the feed side of the machining station 3, where they are pressed into place and, under compression attachment, moved to the left each time (blanks B, D, P, H and J) and to the right each time (blanks A, C, E, G and I). The feed side of the die is machined female junction. The first blank A has passed the machining working station is supplied to the waiting position to the next blank B. The blank is moved forward longitudinal motion, while the blank B is machined against the die input side of the male joint. The third blank C has already been brought to the waiting position at this stage. The C blank is guided to the right at the same time as the A blank is guided to the left on the discharge side and the B blank is guided forward. A and C blanks bypass the same machining head from different directions at the same time-! identical joints, one to the front end of C and the other to the outlet end of A. During machining, the next blank D is fed to station 10 88 470 to wait. Finally, the A-blank is removed from the station just before the B-blank removal end and the D-blank front end are machined.

Figure 2 shows a few typical method steps to speed up the processing of pieces. Thus, the next blank is brought to the waiting position already at the stage when the previous part is still being machined for the first time, and two blanks (the front end of the second and the discharge end of the second) are preferably machined simultaneously with the same machining blade.

In the embodiment according to Figure 2, the blanks are each processed in their own turn, whereby their order is maintained during feeding, processing and removal. As previously mentioned, the method differs in this respect from conventional processes, in which certain pieces are produced in batches of the required size and then assembled from different machine-made parts, ready-made frames, e.g. window or door frames, are assembled at the assembly site. With the method according to the present invention, the required long and short pieces can be produced successively in the desired order.

Figure 3 shows a machining station consisting of four machining heads. The structure of the device otherwise corresponds to the device shown in Fig. 1, but the machining heads 31, 32, 33 and 34 are arranged at the corners of the parallelogram so as to be symmetrical with respect to the extension of the longitudinal axis of the blank conveying path 35. The machining blades can all be identical or similar in groups of two, with the greatest benefit of this setup being the lengthening of service intervals and increasing capacity. However, the machining blades can all be different or in pairs different, in which case a different connection can be made at the beginning and end of each part and still different connections for the left-handed and right-handed parts.

Within the scope of the invention, it is possible to deviate from the details of the above-described embodiments. Thus, according to the invention, 11 88470 pieces can be made with different connecting parts at their ends, e.g. by changing the height position of the support station support table 18, 19 after the first machining step on the support guide pins 18, 19 by about 1/2 the thickness of the joint finger. Alternatively, the machining head can be moved up and down. In the case of a finger joint, the height difference can be adjusted using the support table. In the case of, for example, frame and frame cladding, it is more advantageous to move the machining head with an up-and-down movement, because the height differences are too large compared to the normal movement of the support table.

Claims (11)

A method of machining pieces to be assembled, according to which method - the pieces (1) are fed one by one to a processing unit (3), which is provided with at least one machining head (8, 9), with which joint parts responding against the desired joint combination is formed, and - the pieces (1) which are processed are passed through the working unit (3) without turning the pieces by successive and alternating longitudinal and lateral displacements, characterized by the combination of - each piece (1) to be is moved to the working unit (3) with a first longitudinal displacement movement, - the front end of the piece (1) is processed during a first lateral displacement movement following the first longitudinal displacement movement, - after machining the piece (1) is moved forward with a second longitudinal displacement movement at least one distance corresponding to the length of the piece, - the rear end of the piece (1) is processed during a second lateral displacement movement which follows the second longitudinal displacement movement, the lateral movement being at least substantially opposite to the first lateral movement, after which - the machined piece (1) is removed from the working unit with a third forward laterally moving movement. , which movement is at least nearly parallel to the first longitudinal displacement movement. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a working unit is used which has a number of 2 "processing heads (8, 9), wherein n is a natural tai, preferably 0, 1 or 2. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, with such processing head (8, 9), a first joint part is formed in the front end of the piece during the first sideways movement and during the second sideways movement a second joint part in the rear end of the piece. , which joint parts are mutually identical. 4. A method according to claim 1 for the production of pieces whose ends have different joint parts, characterized in that, with the same working head (8, 9), a female joint part is formed at one end of the piece and a male joint part by performing a phase shift of the support table (21) between the working stages, e.g. by changing the height of the work table (21) in the plane of the longitudinal section of the piece by half of a joint finger. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the working unit (3) is assigned two parallel processing heads (8, 9). Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the working unit (3) is allocated in parallel two different processing heads (8, 9), of which the first processing head (8) produces e.g. female joints and the second working head (9) e.g. male joint parts, each piece in turn being machined two times by either the first or second processing head, so that each end of the piece receives the same joint parts. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that every second piece is processed with the first processing head (8) and every other with the second processing head (9). Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the working unit is assigned four processing heads (31 - 34), two parallel at the front (31, 33) and two parallel at the rear (32, 34), during which the first lateral movement is a first joints are machined in the front of the piece by means of the noseground machining head and during the second lateral movement, a second joints are machined in the corresponding manner by means of a machining head located at the rear. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that different joint parts are produced with the machining heads at the front (31, 33) and at the rear (32, 34) of the working unit. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each machining head is slidable upwards during the successive displacement movements of the pieces to achieve the desired profile. Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pieces to be processed are moved to the working heads and between them by means of a sledge (5, 15) under pressure.